Asunto(s)
Complicaciones del Embarazo , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Resultado del EmbarazoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the acute effects of smoking in Waterpipe (WP) smokers in Ajman, United Arab Emirates (UAE). CONTEXT: 202 male volunteers aged > 17 years were included. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate values of each participant, before and after a 30 minute smoking session, were measured and compared. Standardized questionnaires were also answered. RESULTS: Mean increases in systolic blood pressure (16 +/- 1 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (2 +/- 0.7 mmHg), heart rate (6.30 +/- 0.60 bpm) and respiratory rate (2 +/- 2 breathes/min) were observed (p < 0.001). 92% of smokers believed Waterpipe smoking (WPS) to be harmful to health and 77% of smokers took up WPS for reasons of leisure. Results from the questionnaire revealed a significant relationship between smokers' beliefs of WPS and attempts to quit smoking ie. smokers who believed waterpipe to be harmful were more likely to try to quit. Education had influence on smokers ideas on WPS. 69% of smokers who claimed hookah is harmful had university qualification and further 23% has highschool qualification. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking Waterpipe has significant effects on both the cardiovascular and respiratory system. Waterpipe smokers despite sound knowledge, show little concern towards health. Education plays an important role and creates awareness about the hazards of smoking practices, including Waterpipe.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Cardiovascular , Sistema Respiratorio , Fumar/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Estudios Transversales , Diástole , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Asunción de Riesgos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sístole , Factores de Tiempo , Emiratos Árabes Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Patellar thickness is an important consideration for resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A patella of 25 mm in thickness is not suitable for resurfacing using the currently available total knee systems. A cross sectional study on patellar thickness using plain radiographs was undertaken on 56 patients. It was observed that the average thickness of the bony part of the patella was 20.05 mm (range 17-23 mm). The actual thickness of cartilage varies from 2.0 to 5.5 mm (mean 3.2 mm). Thus the mean thickness of the patella was 23.2 mm (range 20.2-26.2 mm). The majority of our patients (73%) had patellar thickness of 24 mm or less. The patellar thickness had a significant correlation with the patient's height (R=0.5). Since the majority of our patients have thin patella, we are of the opinion that majority of our patients are not suitable for patellar resurfacing.