Anti-NOTCH1 therapy with OMP-52 M51 inhibits salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by depressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and inducing ferroptosis.

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a common type of salivary gland cancer, and the mechanisms underlying its progression still remain poorly understood without efficient therapies. NOTCH1, an evolutionally conserved cell-cell signaling pathway, is involved in the progression of ACC. In our study, we attempted to explore whether NOTCH1 suppression using the monoclonal anti-NOTCH1 antibody OMP-52 M51 could be of potential for ACC treatment. Here, we identified NOTCH1 elevation in human ACC tissues compared with the matched normal samples. Patients with metastasis expressed much higher NOTCH1. We then found that OMP-52 M51 markedly reduced the expression of NOTCH1 and its intracellular active form NICD1 (NOTCH1 intracellular domain). Importantly, OMP-52 M51 markedly reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of ACC cells. RNA-Seq and in vitro studies further showed that OMP-52 M51 significantly induced ferroptosis in ACC cells, indicated by the increased cellular malondialdehyde (MDA), iron contents and lipid ROS production, and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Further, remarkable glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) reduction was detected in ACC cells with OMP-52 M51 treatment. However, promoting NOTCH1 expression markedly abolished the function of OMP-52 M51 to induce ferroptosis. Intriguingly, low-dose OMP-52 M51 strongly facilitated the capacity of ferroptosis inducer erastin to trigger ferroptotic cell death, revealing that OMP-52 M51 could improve the sensitivity of ACC cells to ferroptosis. In vivo, OMP-52 M51 administration suppressed tumor growth and induced ferroptosis in the constructed ACC xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that NOTCH1 inhibition by OMP-52 M51 represses the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ACCs, and promotes ferroptosis, revealing the potential therapeutical application of OMP-52 M51 in ACC.

The HIF-1α/miR-26a-5p/PFKFB3/ULK1/2 axis regulates vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by modulation of autophagy.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, which may cause right heart failure and even death. Accumulated evidence confirmed that microRNA-26 family play critical roles in cardiovascular disease; however, their function in PAH remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of miR-26 family in plasma from PAH patients using quantitative RT-PCR, and identified miR-26a-5p as the most downregulated member, which was also decreased in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) autophagy models and lung tissues of PAH patients. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) specifically interacted with the promoter of miR-26a-5p and inhibited its expression in PASMCs. Tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3B fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that miR-26a-5p inhibited hypoxia-induced PAMSC autophagy, characterized by reduced formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. In addition, results showed that miR-26a-5p overexpression potently inhibited PASMC proliferation and migration, as determined by cell counting kit-8, EdU staining, wound-healing, and transwell assays. Mechanistically, PFKFB3, ULK1, and ULK2 were direct targets of miR-26a-5p, as determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and western blots. Meanwhile, PFKFB3 could further enhance the phosphorylation level of ULK1 and promote autophagy in PASMCs. Moreover, intratracheal administration of adeno-miR-26a-5p markedly alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced PAH rat models in vivo. Taken together, the HIF-1α/miR-26a-5p/PFKFB3/ULK1/2 axis plays critical roles in the regulation of hypoxia-induced PASMC autophagy and proliferation. MiR-26a-5p may represent as an attractive biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of PAH.

Defective Biphenylene as High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts.

Electrocatalysts play a pivotal role in advancing the application of water splitting for hydrogen production. This research unveils the potential of defective biphenylenes as high-efficiency catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Using first-principles simulations, we systematically investigated the structure, stability, and catalytic performance of defective biphenylenes. Our findings unveil that defect engineering significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Specifically, biphenylene with a double-vacancy defect exhibits an outstanding Gibbs free energy of -0.08 eV, surpassing that of Pt, accompanied by a remarkable exchange current density of -3.08 A cm-2, also surpassing that of Pt. Furthermore, we find the preference for the Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism in the hydrogen evolution reaction, with a low energy barrier of 0.80 eV. This research provides a promising avenue for developing novel metal-free electrocatalysts for water splitting with earth-abundant carbon elements, making a significant step toward sustainable hydrogen production.

Color-changing fluorescent DNA probe containing solvatochromic Dansyl-nucleoside surrogate for sensing local variation of DNA duplex.

A novel Dansyl-nucleoside surrogate (Dns) based on (±)-trans-4-(hydroxymethyl) piperidin-3-ol was designed and synthesized. The Dns exhibited excellent solvatochromic properties. About 90 nm of red-shift accompanied color change from green to orange could be achieved with an increase of solvent polarity. The Dns was incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotide by phosphoroamidite chemistry. Two kinds of Dns-incorporated fluorescent DNA probes were designed and synthesized for sensing variation of DNA duplexes based on color-changing manner. As a result, the color-changing DNA probe not only can detect complementary oligonucleotide, but also can distinguish mismatch flanked in Dansyl/nucleobase pair by naked eye. Moreover, the change of fluorescence color of sample solutions could be captured by smartphone, and the photographs could be digitalized by image-processing software. Thus, the Dns-incorporated fluorescent DNA probe is expected to open the way to point-of-care assays in the future.

Low-energy Ga2O3 polymorphs with low electron effective masses.

We predict three Ga2O3 polymorphs with P21/c or Pnma symmetry. The formation energies of P21/c Ga2O3, Pnma-I Ga2O3, and Pnma-II Ga2O3 are 57 meV per atom, 51 meV per atom, and 23 meV per atom higher than that of ß-Ga2O3, respectively. All the polymorphs are shown to be dynamically and mechanically stable. P21/c Ga2O3 is a quasi-direct wide band gap semiconductor (3.83 eV), while Pnma-I Ga2O3 and Pnma-II Ga2O3 are direct wide band gap semiconductors (3.60 eV and 3.70 eV, respectively). Simulated X-ray diffraction patterns are provided for experimental confirmation of the predicted structures. The polymorphs turn out to provide low electron effective masses, which is of great benefit to high-power electronic devices.

Developing a scale measuring the doctor-patient relationship in China from the perspective of doctors.

OBJECTIVES: The doctor-patient relationship is usually measured in line with patient needs and demands. This study aimed to develop a scale measuring such a relationship from the perspective of doctors. METHODS: A draft scale was developed and adapted to the hospital context of China based on several existing scales, with an intention to measure how medical doctors view and manage their relationship with patients beyond episodic clinical encounters. Two rounds of Delphi consultations involving 14 experts were conducted to seek their consensus on the inclusion and descriptions of items. This resulted in a 19-item scale measuring four domains of the relationship. The scale was validated through a survey of 1,712 medical doctors selected from 27 public hospitals in Heilongjiang province of China. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients of the four domains. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the construct validity of the scale. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the known-group validity of the scale. RESULTS: The scale measures four domains. The Cronbach's α of the scale reached an acceptable level, ranging from 0.61 to 0.78 for its four domains. Good fitness of data into the four-domain structure of the scale was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. Known-group differences were demonstrated in the regression analyses. CONCLUSION: The doctor-patient relationship scale developed in this study is a psychometrically valid tool assessing how medical doctors view and manage their relationship with patients in the hospital setting in China.

A Cyclized Polyacrylonitrile Anode for Alkali Metal Ion Batteries.

Organic anodes have attracted increasing attention for alkali metal ion batteries. In this work, we discovered that cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN) can serve as an excellent anode for alkali metal ion batteries. Upon activation cycling, as an anode of lithium-ion battery, cPAN exhibits a reversible capacity as high as 1238 mAh g-1 under a current density of 50 mA g-1 . Based on electrochemical experiments and first-principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the hexagonal carbon ring, piperidine ring, and pyridine nitrogen in ladder cPAN are the main active sites for lithium-ion storage. cPAN displays a unique potential-dependent solid electrolyte interphase formation from 0.1 to 0.01 V vs. Li/Li+ . It also displays decent performance as an anode in SIBs and PIBs.

Enhancing electronic and optical properties of monolayer MoSe2via a MoSe2/blue phosphorene heterobilayer.

Type-II heterostructures are appealing for application in optoelectronics due to their effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Based on density functional and many-body perturbation theories, we investigate the MoSe2/blue phosphorene (MoSe2/Blue-P) heterobilayer with three representative stacking configurations. Our calculations indicate that the AA-stacking structure has more thermodynamic and dynamic stability. And it possesses a type-II band alignment with significant band offsets. The band offsets together with an interlayer polarized field will efficiently separate the photogenerated holes and electrons. More interestingly, compared with the MoSe2 monolayer, the MoSe2/Blue-P heterobilayer exhibits a significant enhancement of optical absorption in the range of near-ultraviolet and visible light. Also, the observed interlayer exciton has an impressive binding energy (∼670 meV), suggesting that the radiative recombination can be suppressed by the formation of an interlayer exciton. The predicted maximum energy conversion efficiency of MoSe2/Blue-P can achieve a value as large as 14.3%. These prominent electronic and optical properties provide the MoSe2/Blue-P heterobilayer with great potential in optoelectronics.

Transition-metal dichalcogenides/Mg(OH)2 van der Waals heterostructures as promising water-splitting photocatalysts: a first-principles study.

We performed first-principles calculations of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of heterostructures which consist of transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S) stacked with Mg(OH)2. All the heterostructures are formed by van der Waals forces. The MoS2/Mg(OH)2 and WS2/Mg(OH)2 vdW heterostructures were found to be semiconductors with indirect bandgaps and possess intrinsic type-II band alignment. In particular, a comparison of the band edge positions with the redox potential of water indicates that the heterostructures are potential photocatalysts for water splitting, enabling water reduction on the MX2 layer and water oxidation on the Mg(OH)2 layer. Moreover, the photogenerated charges will be effectively separated in the presence of a large built-in electric field across the interface. In addition, all of the MX2/Mg(OH)2 heterostructures show strong optical absorption in the visible and infrared regions, indicating their promise for application in photocatalytic water splitting.

Using van der Waals heterostructures based on two-dimensional blue phosphorus and XC (X = Ge, Si) for water-splitting photocatalysis: a first-principles study.

Solar-powered production of hydrogen from water has been pursued as one of the solutions to the global energy crisis. Meanwhile, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention as photocatalysts. In this paper, the geometric structures, electronic band structures, band alignment, and optical properties of two novel van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on 2D blue phosphorus (BlueP) and 2D XC (X = Ge, Si) were systematically explored using first-principles calculations. We found that both BlueP/GeC and BlueP/SiC vdW heterostructures possess type-II band structures, which can continuously separate the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The calculated band-edge positions suggest that the BlueP/SiC and BlueP/GeC vdW heterostructures act as potential photocatalysts for water-splitting at pH 0 and pH 7, respectively. Furthermore, XC acts as an electron-donating layer in the BlueP/XC vdW heterostructure, and the potential drop across the interface can generate a large built-in electric field across the interface; this electric field plays a crucial role in preventing the recombination of photogenerated charges. Finally, the optical properties of the BlueP/XC vdW heterostructures demonstrate that they have excellent ability to capture visible light, making them promising high-performance photocatalysts for water splitting.

MoS2/ZnO van der Waals heterostructure as a high-efficiency water splitting photocatalyst: a first-principles study.

Previous investigations [H. L. Zhuang and R. G. Hennig, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117, 20440-20445; J. Kang, S. Tongay, J. Zhou, J. Li and J. Wu, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 102, 012111] demonstrated that molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a potential photocatalyst for water splitting. However, the photogenerated electron-hole pairs in MoS2 remain in the same spatial regions, resulting in a high rate of recombination. Using first-principles calculations, we designed a MoS2-based heterostructure by stacking MoS2 on two-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) and investigated its structural, electronic, and optical properties. The interaction at the MoS2/ZnO interface was found to be dominated by van der Waals (vdW) forces. The energy levels of both water oxidation and reduction lie within the bandgap of the MoS2/ZnO vdW heterostructure, which guarantee their occurrence for water splitting. Moreover, a type-II band alignment and a large built-in electric field are formed at the MoS2/ZnO interface, which ensure the enhanced separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In addition, strong optical absorption in the visible region was also found in the MoS2/ZnO vdW heterostructure, indicating that it has potential for application in photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices.

First-principles calculations of the electronic properties of SiC-based bilayer and trilayer heterostructures.

Recently, van der Waals (vdW) two-dimensional heterostructures have attracted great attention. The combination structures demonstrate unique properties that individual layers do not possess, which foretell promising future applications. Here, we investigate the structural and electronic properties of SiC/graphene, SiC/MoS2, and graphene/SiC/MoS2 vdW heterostructures using first-principles calculations. The SiC/graphene interface forms a p-type Schottky contact, which can be turned into an n-type Schottky contact by applying an external electric field. Moreover, a transition from a Schottky to an Ohmic contact at the interface can be triggered by varying the interlayer distance or applying an external electric field. The SiC/MoS2 interface forms a type-II heterostructure, in which the recombination of photoexcited charges will be greatly suppressed. The transition from type-II to type-III band alignment can be realized in the SiC/MoS2 heterostructure by applying a biaxial strain. This heterostructure also shows excellent optical absorption abilities in the visible and far-infrared range, which merits its application as a photocatalyst. The trilayer heterostructure exhibits a tunable Schottky barrier with different stacking patterns and the assembled graphene could act as a protective encapsulating layer on SiC/MoS2. The results show that graphene and MoS2 can tune and improve the electronic performance of SiC and demonstrate the promising application of SiC-based heterostructures for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.

Weak C-HF-C hydrogen bonds make a big difference in graphane/fluorographane and fluorographene/fluorographane bilayers.

Using density functional theory computations with van der Waals (vdW) corrections, we reveal that C-HF-C hydrogen bonding exists in graphane/fluorographene and fluorographane/fluorographane bilayers. The significant C-HF-C hydrogen bonding is strong enough to combine two separate monolayers to form the bilayer. Interestingly, both the graphane/fluorographene and fluorographane/fluorographane bilayers are metallic in the most stable stacking configuration. Applying a perpendicular electric field can effectively open a bandgap for both bilayers, and we found that the field-induced gap opening for both graphane/fluorographene and fluorographane/fluorographane bilayers can be enhanced by biaxial tensile strain. These results are expected to aid in the design of novel electronic and optoelectronic devices based on graphene materials, and they highlight the use of weak interactions for modulating band structures in two-dimensional materials.

Electronic properties of blue phosphorene/graphene and blue phosphorene/graphene-like gallium nitride heterostructures.

Blue phosphorene (BlueP) is a graphene-like phosphorus nanosheet which was synthesized very recently for the first time [Nano Lett., 2016, 16, 4903-4908]. The combination of electronic properties of two different two-dimensional materials in an ultrathin van der Waals (vdW) vertical heterostructure has been proved to be an effective approach to the design of novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. Therefore, we used density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of two BlueP-based heterostructures - BlueP/graphene (BlueP/G) and BlueP/graphene-like gallium nitride (BlueP/g-GaN). Our results showed that the semiconducting nature of BlueP and the Dirac cone of G are well preserved in the BlueP/G vdW heterostructure. Moreover, by applying a perpendicular electric field, it is possible to tune the position of the Dirac cone of G with respect to the band edge of BlueP, resulting in the ability to control the Schottky barrier height. For the BlueP/g-GaN vdW heterostructure, BlueP forms an interface with g-GaN with a type-II band alignment, which is a promising feature for unipolar electronic device applications. Furthermore, we discovered that both G and g-GaN can be used as an active layer for BlueP to facilitate charge injection and enhance the device performance.

Dysregulated miR-645 affects the proliferation and invasion of head and neck cancer cell.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dysregulated miRNAs play an important role in many malignant tumors. However, elucidating the roles of miRNAs in cancer biology, especially in epithelial cancers, remains an ongoing process. In this study, we identified the differentially expressed miR-645 in the progressing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and investigated its biological function. METHODS: The association between clinicopathological parameters and the expression levels of the candidated miRNAs were analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The cell growth, invasion and migration potential, and clone formation were observed to detect the functions of the miRNAs in HNSCC cells. RESULTS: In the 34 HNSCC tissues with lymph node metastasis, the expression level of miR-645 was 0.54 ± 0.12, and the expression level was 0.22 ± 0.05 in the 28 tissues with non lymph node metastasis (p = 0.017). In patients with HNSCC, higher level of miR-645 expression significantly correlates with worse overall survival (p = 0.04). Ectopic expression of miR-645 promoted cell invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: miR-645 play a key role in cell invasion and metastasis and their expression correlates with overall survival in the patients with HNSCC.

Health-related quality of life after mandibular resection for oral cancer: reconstruction with free fibula flap.

OBJECTIVES: Mandibular resection for oral cancer is often necessary to achieve an adequate margin of tumor clearance.Mandibular resection has been associated with a poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), particularly before free fibula flap to reconstruct the defect. The aim of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life in patients who have had mandibular resections of oral cancer and reconstruction with free fibula flap. STUDY DESIGNS: There were 115 consecutive patients between 2008 and 2011 who were treated by primary surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma, 34 patients had a mandibular resection. HRQOL was assessed by means of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaires after 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: In the UW-QOL the best-scoring domain was mood, whereas the lowest scores were for chewing and saliva. In the OHIP-14 the lowest-scoring domain was social disability, followed by handicap, and psychological disability. CONCLUSION: Mandible reconstruction with free fibula flap would have significantly influenced on patients'quality of life and oral functions.The socio-cultural data show a fairly low level of education for the majority of patients.

Superhard and Superconducting Bilayer Borophene.

Two-dimensional superconductors, especially the covalent metals such as borophene, have received significant attention due to their new fundamental physics, as well as potential applications. Furthermore, the bilayer borophene has recently ignited interest due to its high stability and versatile properties. Here, the mechanical and superconducting properties of bilayer-δ6 borophene are explored by means of first-principles computations and anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg analytics. We find that the coexistence of strong covalent bonds and delocalized metallic bonds endows this structure with remarkable mechanical properties (maximum 2D-Young's modulus of ~570 N/m) and superconductivity with a critical temperature of ~20 K. Moreover, the superconducting critical temperature of this structure can be further boosted to ~46 K by applied strain, which is the highest value known among all borophenes or two-dimensional elemental materials.

DDX27 regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma development through targeting CSE1L.

THE HEADINGS AIMS: DEAD-box helicase 27 (DDX27), a member of the DEAD-Box nucleic acid helicase family, holds an elusive role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to unravel the regulatory functions of DDX27 in OSCC and explore its downstream targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A commercial oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue microarray (TMA) was utilized. We analyzed differentially expressed genes in OSCC through the GEO database. Target gene silencing was achieved using the shRNA-mediated lentivirus method. Coexpedia analysis identified co-expressed genes associated with DDX27. Additionally, a Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiment confirmed the protein interaction between DDX27 and CSE1L. Xenograft tumor models were employed to evaluate DDX27's role in OSCC tumor formation. KEY FINDINGS: Elevated DDX27 expression in OSCC correlated with a higher pathological grade. DDX27 knockdown resulted in decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, inhibited cell migration, and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, as well as impaired tumor outgrowth. Coexpedia analysis identified STAU1, NELFCD, and CSE1L as top co-expressed genes. Lentiviral vectors targeting STAU1, NELFCD, and CSE1L revealed that silencing CSE1L significantly impaired cell growth, indicating it as a downstream target of DDX27. Cell rescue experiments demonstrated that increased DDX27 levels ameliorated cell proliferation, attenuated apoptosis, and CSE1L depletion blocked cell development induced by DDX27 overexpression. SIGNIFICANCES: This study highlighted DDX27 as a potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment, shedding light on its crucial role in OSCC development. Targeting DDX27 or its downstream effector, CSE1L, holds promise for innovative OSCC therapies.

Artificial Heterointerfaces with Regulated Charge Distribution of Ni Active Sites for Urea Oxidation Reaction.

In contrast to the thermodynamically unfavorable anodic oxygen evolution reaction, the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) presents a more favorable thermodynamic potential. However, the practical application of UOR has been hindered by sluggish kinetics. In this study, hierarchical porous nanosheet arrays featuring abundant Ni-WO3 heterointerfaces on nickel foam (Ni-WO3/NF) is introduced as a monolith electrode, demonstrating exceptional activity and stability toward UOR. The Ni-WO3/NF catalyst exhibits unprecedentedly rapid UOR kinetics (200 mA cm-2 at 1.384 V vs. RHE) and a high turnover frequency (0.456 s-1), surpassing most previously reported Ni-based catalysts, with negligible activity decay observed during a durability test lasting 150 h. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations elucidate that the WO3 interface significantly modulates the local charge distribution of Ni species, facilitating the generation of Ni3+ with optimal affinity for interacting with urea molecules and CO2 intermediates at heterointerfaces during UOR. This mechanism accelerates the interfacial electrocatalytic kinetics. Additionally, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides deep insights into the substantial contribution of interfacial Ni-WO3 sites to UOR electrocatalysis, unraveling the underlying molecular-level mechanisms. Finally, the study explores the application of a direct urea fuel cell to inspire future practical implementations.

Taking Advantage of Potential Coincidence Region: Insights into Gas Production Behavior in Advanced Self-Activated Hydrazine-Assisted Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis.

Water electrolysis assisted by hydrazine has emerged as a prospective energy conversion method for achieving efficient hydrogen generation. Due to the potential coincidence region (PCR) between the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the electro-oxidation of hydrazine, the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) offers distinct advantages in terms of strategy amalgamation, device architecture, and the broadening of application horizons. Herein, we report a bifunctional electrocatalyst of interfacial heterogeneous Fe2P/Co2P microspheres supported on Ni foam (FeCoP/NF). Benefiting from the strong interfacial coupling effect between Fe2P and Co2P and the three-dimensional microsphere structure, FeCoP/NF exhibits outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, achieving 10 mA cm-2 with low overpotentials of 10 and 203 mV for HER and HzOR, respectively. Utilizing FeCoP/NF for both electrodes in HzOR-assisted water electrolysis results in significantly reduced potentials of 820 mV for 1 A cm-2 in contrast to the electro-oxidation of alternative chemical substrates. The presence of a potential coincidence region makes the application of self-activated seawater electrolysis realistic. The gas production behavior at different current densities in this interesting hydrogen production system is discussed, and some rules that are distinguished from conventional water electrolysis are summarized. Furthermore, a new self-powered hydrogen production system with a direct hydrazine fuel cell, rechargeable Zn-hydrazine battery, and hydrazine-assisted seawater electrolysis is proposed, emphasizing the distinct benefits of HzOR and its potential role in electrochemical energy conversion technologies powered by renewable sources.