A Case of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in AIDS-related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy after Antiretroviral Therapy / 감염과화학요법

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system due to JC virus. In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, JC virus infects myelin-producing oligodendrocytes causing a non-inflammatory lytic reaction leading to demyelination and brain death. We herein report a case of a 56-years-old AIDS man who developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and died while undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this patient, the PML involved the brainstem, causing mental confusion followed by recurrent aspiration, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and eventually to early death.