[Forensic aspects of sexul assault].

No abstcarct available.

[Knowledge of university students in Szeged, Hungary about reliable contraceptive methods and sexually transmitted diseases]. / Szegedi egyetemi hallgatók ismeretei a megbízható fogamzásgátlásról és a szexuális úton terjedo betegségekrol.

INTRODUCTION: Promiscuity and lack of use of reliable contraceptive methods increase the probability of sexually transmitted diseases and the risk of unwanted pregnancies, which are quite common among university students. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of university students about reliable contraceptive methods and sexually transmitted diseases, and to assess the effectiveness of the sexual health education in secondary schools, with specific focus on the education held by peers. METHOD: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out in a randomized sample of students at the University of Szeged (n = 472, 298 women and 174 men, average age 21 years) between 2009 and 2011. RESULTS: 62.1% of the respondents declared that reproductive health education lessons in high schools held by peers were reliable and authentic source of information, 12.3% considered as a less reliable source, and 25.6% defined the school health education as irrelevant source. Among those, who considered the health education held by peers as a reliable source, there were significantly more females (69.3% vs. 46.6%, p = 0.001), significantly fewer lived in cities (83.6% vs. 94.8%, p = 0.025), and significantly more responders knew that Candida infection can be transmitted through sexual intercourse (79.5% versus 63.9%, p = 0.02) as compared to those who did not consider health education held by peers as a reliable source. The majority of respondents obtained knowledge about sexual issues from the mass media. CONCLUSIONS: Young people who considered health educating programs reliable were significantly better informed about Candida disease.

[Genetic and epigenetic factors of polycystic ovary syndrome]. / Genetikai és epigenetikai faktorok polycystás ovarium szindróma esetén.

The development of polycystic ovary syndrome and its exact pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear, but environmental and genetic factors likely play a role. Exposition to teratogenic effects during the prenatal development can lead to chronic diseases in the postnatal period. This finding confirms the common familial aggregation as well. A literature search was conducted up to January 1, 2016 for articles dealing with the genetic or epigenetic factors of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review will discuss the current understanding of the genetic basis and clinical presentation of this disease. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(32), 1275-1281.

[Risk of maternal and fetal disease among women older than 40 years]. / Magzati és anyai betegségek kockázata 40 évesnél idosebb édesanyák esetén.

A rising trend in advanced maternal age has been observed over the last few decades. Several studies have assessed the association between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome, including miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, delivery of a small- or large-for-gestational-age neonates and elective or emergency Cesarean section. These studies reported contradictory findings. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence-based information regarding advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcomes.

[Old and new ways of personal and victim identification by dental methods. Review of the literature]. / A fogászati személy- és áldozatazonosítás régi és új módszerei. Irodalmi áttekintés.

The aim of this paper was to create a comprehensive literature review on forensic dental methods. This literature review is based on historical and the latest results of the forensic odontology. Thus, this comparative study deals with various methods including certain dental identification methods which are easy to use and do not require advanced technological background. Nowadays, the main reasons for the use of forensic odontology methods are natural disasters, however, their sensitivity depends on the availability of proper dental documentation of the subject/victim. Custom made prostheses offer the most accurate dental identification, which can allow an identification rate of 99.9%. Combination of different methods can also exhibit a high sensitivity (40-99.9%). It seems important that separation of old and novel methods is not recommended. Also, it is important to maintain and upgrade present methods which are capable of identifying one or more subjects/victims in practice. The authors propose several methods which could serve as a base of the new national policy in forensic dental identification and could be used by teams dealing with the identification of disaster victims.

[Clinical aspects of congenital maxillofacial deformities]. / A veleszületett maxillofacialis deformitások klinikai aspektusai.

The cleft lip and palate deformity is one of the most common type of congenital abnormalities. The aim of this paper is to summarise the literature knowledge about cleft lip and/or palate. The authors review and discuss international literature data on the prevention, genetic and environmental predisposing factors, anatomical and embryological features, as well as pre- and post-natal diagnosis and treatment of these deformities. The aetiology is multifactorial, driven by both genetic and environmental factors which lead to multifaceted phenotypes and clinical features of these malformations. The lack of the multidisciplinary knowledge about prenatal diagnosis, prevention, genetic aspects and treatment strategy could result in serious diagnostic errors, hence clinical teamwork is critically important to solve the problems of this pathology. Only the professional teamwork and multidisciplinary cooperation can guarantee the optimal level of health care and better quality of life for these patients and their families.

[Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Q-fever in a male prisoner. Case report]. / A Q-láz differenciáldiagnosztikai és terápiás aspektusai egy 46 éves fogva tartott férfi esete kapcsán.

The authors describe the case of a 46-year-old man, who developed atypical pneumonia caused by Coxiella burnetii. Chest X-ray revealed interstitial pneumonia. Western blot and ELISA test were positive for Coxiella burnetii antibody. After treatment with doxycyclin and amoxicillin supplemented with vitamin B6 for 10 days, the patient displayed a clinical improvement. The authors conclude that in cases with atypical pneumonia, Coxiella burnetii antibody as well as other bacterial or viral antibodies should be determined.

EFFECTS OF MATERNAL EPILEPSY AND ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPY IN WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment on pregnancy and the perinatal outcome, retrospectively. METHODS: We examined the obstetric and fetal outcomes among women with epilepsy (WWE), who were followed-up at the Department of Neurology, and who delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (n=91) between 31th December 2000 and 31th March 2014. Statistical comparisons of different obstetric and fetal parameters on a sample of 91 WWE and 182 non-WWE were assessed by the chi-square-test, the independent sample t-test. RESULTS: The rate of major congenital malformations (MCMS) among the newborns of all AEDs exposed mothers was 7.69%. There were three peaks of seizures: during the third trimester, during delivery and in the puerperium. The prevalence of miscarriages, post-term birth and the rate of caesarean section were significantly higher among the WWE than among the non-WWE (p=0.001; p<0.001; p=0.02). Parameters of neonates (birth weight, birth length, head-, and chest circumference) were significantly different between the WWE group and the non-WWE group (p=0.003, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001) CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with recent publications, there were significant differences in the parameters of neonates between the two groups. Our results are in accordance with those of previous studies from the aspect of AED-related MCM, the elevated risk of miscarriages and pre-existing hypertension.

[The possibility of prenatal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder]. / Az autizmusspektrum-zavarok prenatális diagnózisának lehetoségei.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an idiopathic multifactorial disease. Chromosomal abnormalities could be found only in a few percent (0.3-0.6) of cases. The estimated prevalence is 0.6 in Europe and the prevalence of the disease has been increased in last few decades. ASD have an impact on the quality of life of the patient and his family. The early diagnosis of ASD is most important. There are limited data regarding the measure of biparietal diameter (BPD) of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy. These data suggested the BPD is an important screening marker for ASD, but the complex prenatal screening is unresolved. There is a need for further investigations of the genetic background of ASD and to identify potentially first trimester ultrasound markers for ASD.

Nasal bone length: prenasal thickness ratio: a strong 2D ultrasound marker for Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of incorporating two-dimensional ultrasound measurements of nasal bone length (NBL) and prenasal thickness (PT) into the second-trimester anomaly scan and to determine whether the NBL : PT ratio could help in differentiating euploid and Down syndrome fetuses. METHOD: Two-dimensional measurements of NBL and PT were obtained from the midsagittal plane of the fetal head at 14-28 weeks of gestation in a Caucasian population at risk for aneuploidy. The screening performances of NBL, PT, and the ratios NBL : PT and PT : NBL were analyzed in euploid (n = 1330) and Down syndrome (n = 33) fetuses. RESULTS: Nasal bone length and PT alone showed strong correlations with Down syndrome (sensitivity: 76% at 1.88% and 2.35% false positive rate, respectively). However, the NBL : PT ratio showed an even stronger correlation with Down syndrome (false positive rate: 0.9%, sensitivity: 97%). The mean NBL : PT ratio showed a gradual increase from 1.48 to 1.79 (a 21.2% increase) between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional ultrasound measurements of NBL and PT, particularly the NBL : PT ratio, are highly sensitive markers for Down syndrome fetuses.

[News methods for second trimester screening of Down syndrome: statistical analysis of the use of nasal bone length and prenasal thickness]. / Új módszerek a Down-szindróma második trimeszterbeli ultrahangszurésére: az orrcsonthosszúság és a praenasalis lágyrész-vastagság mérésének statisztikai elemzése.

INTRODUCTION: Sonographic measurements of nasal bone length and prenasal soft tissue thickness are ultrasonographic methods for prenatal screening of Down syndrome. AIM: The aim of the authors was to create a local normogram for nasal bone length and prenasal soft tissue thickness measurements and to test the performance of different statistical methods. METHOD: Euploid (N = 1500) and trisomy 21 foetuses (N = 10) studied between April 2008 and December 2013 were included. Nasal bone length and prenasal thickness measurements were performed at the Medisono Fetal and Maternal Health Research Centre, Szeged, and cytogenetic tests were performed at the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Hungary. Normograms were created with different number of patients (N = 100, 300, 500, 750. 1000 and 1500) and using 3 different statistical methods (linear regression, square-based regression, and box-plot analysis). RESULTS: The results indicated that at least 1000 measurements are strongly recommended for the normograms. The increase of patient number improved the efficacy of the normograms in each of the 3 statistical methods used for analysis. In general practice box-plots provides a better performance over the other screening methods. However, advanced level screening requires local linear normograms for the best screening results. CONCLUSION: The use of box-plots is recommended for the use in the daily practice but regression-based normograms are necessary for advanced prenatal screening.