RESUMEN
Even today, weeds continue to be a considerable problem for agriculture. The application of synthetic herbicides produces serious environmental consequences, and crops suffer loss of their activity due to the appearance of new resistant weed biotypes. Our aim is to develop new effective natural herbicides that improve the problem of resistance and do not harm the environment. This work is focused on a bioassay-guided isolation and the characterization of natural products present in Moquiniastrum pulchrum leaves with phytotoxic activity and its preliminary application in weeds. Moquiniastrum pulchrum was selected for two reasons: it is an abundant species in the Cerrado region (the second most important ecosystem in Brazil, after the Amazon)-the explanation behind its being a dominant species is a major focus of interest-and it has traditional employment in folk medicine. Six major compounds were isolated in this plant: one flavone and five diterpenes, two of which are described for the first time in the literature. Four of the six compounds exhibited phytotoxic activity in the bioassays performed. The results confirmed the phytotoxic potential of this plant, which had not been investigated until now.
Asunto(s)
Asteraceae/química , Agentes de Control Biológico/toxicidad , Diterpenos/toxicidad , Flavonas/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Malezas/efectos de los fármacos , Control de Malezas/métodos , Bioensayo , Agentes de Control Biológico/química , Agentes de Control Biológico/aislamiento & purificación , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonas/química , Flavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Herbicidas/química , Herbicidas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Malezas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Lathyrane diterpenoids are one of the primary types of secondary metabolites present in the genus Euphorbia and one of the largest groups of diterpenes. They are characterized by having a highly oxygenated tricyclic system of 5, 11 and 3 members. These natural products and some synthetic derivatives have shown numerous interesting biological activities with clinical potential against various diseases, such as cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, multi-drug resistance reversal, antiviral properties, anti-inflammatory activity and their capability to induce proliferation or differentiation into neurons of neural progenitor cells. The structure of the lathyrane skeleton could be considered privileged because its framework is able to direct functional groups in a well-defined space. The favorable arrangement of these makes interaction possible with more than one target. This review aims to highlight the evidence of lathyranes as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry. Chemical structures of bioactive compounds, the evaluation of biological properties of natural and semisynthetic derivatives, and the exploration of the mechanisms of action as well as target identification and some aspects of their targeted delivery are discussed.