Lutein protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat skeletal muscle by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Lutein is an antioxidant compound with potential biological effects. The present study investigated the protective role of Lutein against I/R injury in skeletal muscle. METHODS: Animals were divided into three groups. Group I - sham operated; Group II- IR injury- Hind limb ischemia was induced by clamping the common femoral artery and vein. After 4 h of ischemia, the clamp was removed and the animals underwent 2 h of reperfusion. Group III-Lutein + IR injury- Rats with Lutein treatment received intraperitoneal injection 1 h before reperfusion. The skeletal tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters (reactive oxygen species, protein carbonylation and sulfhydryls, lipid peroxidation). Antioxidant status was determined by evaluating Nrf-2 levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. The inflammatory mechanism was determined through NF-κB and COX-2 expressions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The results showed that Lutein treatment significantly decreased the oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species, protein carbonylation and sulphydryls, lipid peroxidation. Further, the levels of Nrf-2 and antioxidant status was significantly declined during IR injury compared to sham operated rats. Lutein treatment reduced the oxidative stress by enhancing Nrf-2 levels and antioxidant status. Skeletal IR injury enhanced the inflammatory signaling by up regulating NF-κB, COX-2 and various pro-inflammatory cytokines. NF-κB, COX-2 expressions were down regulated by Lutein treatment. CONCLUSION: The study shows that Lutein protects against skeletal IR injury by down regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms.

First-pass effect in patients with acute basilar artery occlusions undergoing stent retriever thrombectomy.

OBJECTIVE: First-pass effect (FPE), defined as successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b-3) with a single stent retriever attempt without salvage treatment, has not been fully identified in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). The authors' aim was to assess the impact of FPE on efficacy and safety for patients with BAO. METHODS: The authors included data from the Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study (BASILAR) about patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy within 24 hours after symptom onset and compared the clinical outcomes of patients who achieved FPE with those who did not. In addition, the authors further compared outcomes between patients with FPE and those with final successful reperfusion achieved with salvage treatment. The primary clinical outcome was favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 3). RESULTS: Among 471 enrolled patients, FPE was achieved in 83 (17.6%) who underwent acute BAO thrombectomy. FPE was strongly associated with favorable outcome (adjusted OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.56-5.16, p = 0.001), lower rate of mortality (28.9% of FPE patients vs 48.2% of non-FPE patients, p = 0.001), and shorter median time from groin puncture to recanalization (65 minutes vs 110 minutes, p < 0.001). Occlusion site of the distal basilar artery, cardioembolism, and undetermined etiology were positive predictors of FPE, whereas baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was a negative predictor. Compared with final successful reperfusion, FPE also contributed independently to favorable outcomes (adjusted OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.23-4.10, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: FPE was associated with 90-day favorable outcome in patients with acute BAO who underwent stent retriever thrombectomy within 24 hours. Clinical trial registration no.: ChiCTR1800014759 (www.chictr.org.cn).

Impact of anesthetic strategy on outcomes for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.

BACKGROUND: The best anesthetic management strategy for patients with acute large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains uncertain. Most studies have focused on anterior-circulation stroke caused by large artery occlusion. Nevertheless, limited data are available on the appropriate choice of anesthetic for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We aimed to investigate the effect of anesthetic method on clinical outcomes in patients with BAO undergoing MT. METHODS: Patients undergoing MT for acute BAO in the BASILAR registry (Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) were included. We divided patients into three groups according to the anesthetic technique used during MT: general anesthesia (GA), local anesthesia (LA), and conscious sedation (CS). Propensity score matching was performed to achieve baseline balance. RESULTS: 639 patients were included. GA was used in 257 patients (40.2%), LA was used in 250 patients (39.1%), and CS was used in 132 patients (20.7%). After 1:1 matching, favorable outcome, mortality, and hemorrhagic transformation rates, as well as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days, did not differ between the GA, LA, and CS groups. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of anesthetic strategy, GA, LA, or CS, did not affect the clinical outcomes of patients with acute BAO treated with MT in the BASILAR registry.

Efficacy and safety of rescue stenting following failed mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: propensity score analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rescue stenting (RS) after failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for patients with large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation. METHODS: Consecutive patients who experienced failed reperfusion and subsequently did or did not undergo RS at 16 comprehensive stroke centers were enrolled from January 2015 to June 2018. Propensity score matching was used to achieve baseline balance between the patient groups. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) at 48 hours and the modified Rankin Scale scores and mortality at 3 months in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients with RS and 117 patients without RS after failed MT were enrolled. Propensity score matching analysis selected 132 matched patients. The good outcome rate was significantly higher in matched patients with RS than in those without RS (36.4% vs 19.7%, p=0.033), whereas the sICH (13.6% vs 21.2%, p=0.251) and mortality (31.9% vs 43.9%, p=0.151) were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: RS seems to be an effective safe choice for patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation who underwent failed MT.