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1.
Appl Intell (Dordr) ; 52(1): 595-606, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34764597

RESUMEN

Predicting the number of COVID-19 cases in a geographical area is important for the management of health resources and decision making. Several methods have been proposed for COVID-19 case predictions but they have important limitations in terms of model interpretability, related to COVID-19's incubation period and major trends of disease transmission. To be able to explain prediction results in terms of incubation period and transmission trends, this paper presents the Multivariate Shapelet Learning (MSL) model to learn shapelets from historical observations in multiple areas. An experimental evaluation was done to compare the prediction performance of eleven algorithms, using the data collected from 50 US provinces/states. Results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient. The learned shapelets explain increasing and decreasing trends of new confirmed cases, and reveal that the COVID-19 incubation period in the USA is around 28 days.

2.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33684553

RESUMEN

The olfactory epithelium of the sea catfish, Ariopsis felis, is found on a pinnate array of lamellae (the olfactory rosette) housed within a nasal chamber. The nasal anatomy of A. felis suggests an ability to capture external water currents. We prepared models from X-ray micro-computed tomography scans of two preserved specimens of A. felis. We then used dye visualisation and computational fluid dynamics to show that an external current induced a flow of water through a) the nasal chamber and b) the sensory channels of the olfactory rosette. The factors responsible for inducing flow through the nasal chamber are common to fishes from two other orders. The dye visualisation experiments, together with observations of sea catfishes in vivo, indicate that flow through the nasal chamber is regulated by a mobile nasal flap. The position of the nasal flap - elevated (significant flow) or depressed (reduced flow) - is controlled by the sea catfish's movements. Flow in the sensory channels of the olfactory rosette can pass through either a single channel or, via multiple pathways, up to four consecutive channels. Flow through consecutive sensory channels (olfactory resampling) is more extensive at lower Reynolds numbers (200 and 300, equivalent to swimming speeds of 0.5-1.0 total lengths s-1), coinciding with the mean swimming speed of the sea catfishes observed in vivo (0.6 total lengths s-1). Olfactory resampling may also occur, via a vortex, within single sensory channels. In conclusion, olfactory flow in the sea catfish is regulated and thoroughly sampled by novel mechanisms.


Asunto(s)
Bagres/fisiología , Olfato/fisiología , Animales , Modelos Anatómicos , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histología , Cavidad Nasal/fisiología
3.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32171799

RESUMEN

Olfactory flow in fishes is a little-explored area of fundamental and applied importance. We investigated olfactory flow in the pike, Esox lucius, because it has an apparently simple and rigid nasal region. We characterised olfactory flow by dye visualisation and computational fluid dynamics, using models derived from X-ray micro-computed tomography scans of two preserved specimens. An external current induced a flow of water through the nasal chamber at physiologically relevant Reynolds numbers (200-300). We attribute this externally-induced flow to: the location of the incurrent nostril in a region of high static pressure; the nasal bridge deflecting external flow into the nasal chamber; an excurrent nostril normal to external flow; and viscous entrainment. A vortex in the incurrent nostril may be instrumental in viscous entrainment. Flow was dispersed over the olfactory sensory surface when it impacted on the floor of the nasal chamber. Dispersal may be assisted by: the radial array of nasal folds; a complementary interaction between a posterior nasal fold and the ventral surface of the nasal bridge; and the incurrent vortex. The boundary layer could delay considerably (up to ~ 3 s) odorant transport from the external environment to the nasal region. The drag incurred by olfactory flow was almost the same as the drag incurred by models in which the nasal region had been replaced by a smooth surface. The boundary layer does not detach from the nasal region. We conclude that the nasal bridge and the incurrent vortex are pivotal to olfaction in the pike.


Asunto(s)
Esocidae/fisiología , Cavidad Nasal/fisiología , Nariz/fisiología , Olfato/fisiología , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Animales , Simulación por Computador , Esocidae/anatomía & histología , Hidrodinámica , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histología , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Natación/fisiología
4.
BMC Plant Biol ; 19(1): 130, 2019 Apr 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30961523

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Potassium is a nutrient element necessary for tobacco growth. Tobacco leaves with high potassium content are elastic and tough, rich in oil. And the same time, potassium can also improve the scent and aromatic value of flue-cured tobacco by regulating the synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons in leaves.. It is an important quality indicator for flue-cured tobacco. However, the potassium concentration in tobacco leaves in most areas of China is generally lower than the global standard for high quality tobacco. Two tobacco genotypes were grafted to each other under different potassium levels to test whether potassium content and plant growth can be improved by grafting in tobacco. RESULTS: The growth of tobacco in all treatments was inhibited under potassium starvation, and grafting significantly alleviated this potassium stress in 'Yunyan 87'. The trends in whole plant K+ uptake and K+ transfer efficiency to the leaves corresponded to the growth results of the different grafts. The nutrient depletion test results showed that the roots of 'Wufeng No.2' had higher K+ absorption potential, K+ affinity, and K+ inward flow rate. K+ enrichment circles appeared at the endoderm of the root section in the energy dispersive X-ray figure, indicating that the formation of Casparian strips may be partly responsible for the lower rate of lateral movement of K+ in the roots of 'Yunyan 87'. Gene expression analysis suggested that energy redistribution at the whole plant level might constitute one strategy for coping with potassium starvation. The feedback regulation effects between scion 'Wufeng No.2' and rootstock 'Yunyan 87' indicated that the transmission of certain signaling substances had occurred during grafting. CONCLUSIONS: 'Wufeng No.2' tobacco rootstock grafting can increase the K+ uptake and transport efficiency of 'Yunyan 87' and enhance plant growth under potassium stress. The physiological mechanism of the improved performance of grafted tobacco is related to higher K+ uptake and utilization ability, improved xylem K+ loading capacity, and up-regulated expression of genes related to energy supply systems.


Asunto(s)
Nicotiana/fisiología , Potasio/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico , Transporte Biológico , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Xilema/genética , Xilema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Xilema/fisiología
5.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26780177

RESUMEN

Scent detection in an aquatic environment is dependent on the movement of water. We set out to determine the mechanisms for moving water through the olfactory organ of guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae, Chondrichthyes) with open nasal cavities. We found at least two. In the first mechanism, which we identified by observing dye movement in the nasal region of a life-sized physical model of the head of Rhinobatos lentiginosus mounted in a flume, olfactory flow is generated by the guitarfish's motion relative to water, e.g. when it swims. We suggest that the pressure difference responsible for motion-driven olfactory flow is caused by the guitarfish's nasal flaps, which create a region of high pressure at the incurrent nostril, and a region of low pressure in and behind the nasal cavity. Vortical structures in the nasal region associated with motion-driven flow may encourage passage of water through the nasal cavity and its sensory channels, and may also reduce the cost of swimming. The arrangement of vortical structures is reminiscent of aircraft wing vortices. In the second mechanism, which we identified by observing dye movement in the nasal regions of living specimens of Glaucostegus typus, the guitarfish's respiratory pump draws flow through the olfactory organ in a rhythmic (0.5-2 Hz), but continuous, fashion. Consequently, the respiratory pump will maintain olfactory flow whether the guitarfish is swimming or at rest. Based on our results, we propose a model for olfactory flow in guitarfishes with open nasal cavities, and suggest other neoselachians which this model might apply to.


Asunto(s)
Peces/fisiología , Cavidad Nasal/fisiología , Olfato/fisiología , Animales , Peces/metabolismo , Cavidad Nasal/metabolismo , Respiración , Natación/fisiología , Agua/metabolismo
6.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 43(2): 213-8, 2014 Mar.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24868971

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the inherent toxicity of organic extracts in the effluents treated by present treatment and the new process find the scientific evidences of the new wastewater treatment technique to compare the removal efficiency of trace organic pollutants. METHODS: The Solid Phase Extraction was adopted to enrich the trace organic pollutants in the water samples with resin adsorbing, then detected the inherent toxicity of them by using Vicia faba root-tip micronucleus test and single cell gel electropheorsis test. RESULTS: After concentrated 100 times, the organic extracts enriched from the water samples showed some positive reactions. The micronuclear rates of root-tip cells were of significantly difference between all groups (F = 42.526, P < 0.001). Compared with each other, the group of DMSO and the group of new technique were not significantly different from the negative control (P > 0.05), but the group of secondary effluent and the group of influent were significantly different from the new technique (P < 0.05), at last, there was significant difference between the secondary effluent and the influent (P < 0.05). After exposed with DMSO and the organic extracts, the length of comet tails and the tailing ratio were obviously different between all groups (F = 243.535 and 148.623 correspodingly, P < 0.001). Compared with negative control, the length of comet tails and the tailing ratio of the influent group and the secondary effluent group were significantly different (P < 0.01). Compared with the influent group, the comet tail length of the secondary effluent group and the tertiary effluent group were both shorter (P < 0.01), and the tailing ratio were both smaller (P < 0.01). The tailing ratio of the tertiary effluent group was significantly smaller than the secondary effluent group. CONCLUSION: The inherent toxicity of urban sewage in Zhengzhou was significantly decreased after treated but it still possesses potential hazard to environment. And the trace organic pollutants in wastewater were removed by the new technique more efficiently than by the present treatment.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos Orgánicos/toxicidad , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Vicia faba , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
7.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 43(3): 477-82, 2014 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24964632

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the estrogenic activity of organic extracts in the effluents treated by present treatment and the new technique find the scientific evidences of the new wastewater treatment technique to compare the removal efficiency of trace organic pollutants. METHODS: The solid phase extraction was adopted to enrich the trace organic pollutants in the water samples with resin adsorbing, then detected the estrogenic activity of them by using yeast estrogens screen and immature rat uterine bioassay. RESULTS: Yeast estrogens screen demonstrated that the organic extracts in the new technique effluent showed the activity as estrogen after concentrated 1000 times, because the activity of beta-galactosidase produced by yeast began to appear, otherwise, the same phenomenon occurred for the tertiary effluent, the secondary effluent and the influent at concentration of 500 times. At same concentration times of the extracts, the activity of beta-galactosidase of each group could be listed as, the new technique effluent < the tertiarity effluent < the secondary effluent < the influent. The immature rat uterine bioassay showed there was significant difference only between the high dose group of the influent organic extracts and the negative control (P < 0.05), but not between other groups, about the ratio of uterine weight to body weight. CONCLUSION: The estrogenic activity of urban sewage in Zhengzhou was significantly decreased after treated but it still possesses potential hazard to environment. And the trace organic pollutants in wastewater were removed by the new technique more efficiently than by the present treatment.


Asunto(s)
Estrógenos/toxicidad , Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Bioensayo , Estrona , Ratas , Aguas del Alcantarillado , beta-Galactosidasa
8.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 42(6): 1004-7, 2013 Nov.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24459919

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To study effects of fluoride on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat sertoli cells. METHODS: Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) , malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of apoptosis were measured after the rat sertoli cells were incubated with 0, 6, 12 and 24 microg/ml sodium fluorides or 24 hours in vitro. RESULTS: Fluoride decreased the cell activity significantly (P < 0.01). The results suggested that exposure to fluoride significantly increased the level of ROS and MDA content (P < 0.01), fluoride also decreased SOD activity significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, with the NaF dose increased, there is a significantly decreasing in mitochondrial membrane potential and a significantly increasing in early apoptosis rate (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Fluoride can induce excessive oxidative stress and increased apoptosis rate in rat sertoli cells.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Células de Sertoli/citología , Fluoruro de Sodio/toxicidad , Animales , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Cultivo Primario de Células , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo
9.
J Clin Transl Hepatol ; 11(2): 304-313, 2023 Apr 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36643032

RESUMEN

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis and cancer. As the effectiveness of antiviral therapy to reverse liver fibrosis is limited, We aimed to evaluate the effect of An-Luo-Hua-Xian pill (ALHX) on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with entecavir (ETV). Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with CHB were randomly treated with ETV alone or combined with ALHX (ETV+ALHX) between October 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020. Demographic, laboratory, and liver histology data before and after 78 weeks of treatment were collected. The Ishak fibrosis score (F) was used and fibrosis regression required a decrease in F of ≥1 after treatment. Results: A total of 780 patients were enrolled, and 394 with a second liver biopsy after treatment were included in the per-protocol population, 132 in ETV group and 262 in ETV+ALHX group. After 78 weeks of treatment, the fibrosis regression rate in the ETV+ALHX group was significantly higher than that of the ETV group at baseline F≥3 patients: 124/211 (58.8%) vs. 45/98 (45.9%), p=0.035. The percentage of patients with a decreased liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was higher in the ETV+ALHX group: 156/211 (73.9%) vs. 62/98 (63.%), p=0.056. Logistic regression analysis showed that ETV combined with ALHX was associated with fibrosis regression [odds ratio (OR)=1.94, p=0.018], and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma was on the contrary. (OR=0.41, p=0.031). Conclusions: ETV combined with ALHX increased liver fibrosis regression in CHB patients.

10.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res ; 38(4): 632-8, 2012 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22414381

RESUMEN

AIM: The purpose of this study was to broadly assess the level of knowledge, attitude and behaviors related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among unmarried female migrants in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted and a self-administered questionnaire was designed for collecting information on SRH including 15 items for knowledge, 8 items for attitude and some items for contraception and abortion related behaviors. RESULTS: A total of 1690 unmarried female migrants were interviewed. Most of the respondents had less knowledge of SRH. Only one-third of respondents was aware of emergency contraceptives and could freely talk about SRH with their friends. Over one-third of respondents were not willing to come into contact with someone with AIDS or STDs. In this study, 10.4% participants had an unwanted pregnancy and 95% of them had an abortion. Multivariate analysis showed that having a boyfriend, duration of employment in city, knowledge on SRH and freely discussing SRH with peer were associated with having premarital sex among these unmarried female migrants. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the unmarried female migrant was one of the most vulnerable groups concerning SRH. In some policy reforms, appropriate and cost-effective SRH services should be provided for these migrants.


Asunto(s)
Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Salud Reproductiva , Conducta Sexual , Migrantes , Adulto , China , Anticoncepción , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven
11.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care ; 17(5): 363-72, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22839730

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We conducted a comparative study in worksites to assess the impact of sexual health promoting interventions on contraceptive use among female rural-to-urban migrants. STUDY DESIGN: In Qingdao ten manufacturing worksites were randomly allocated to a standard package of interventions (SPI) and an intensive package of interventions (IPI). The interventions ran from July 2008 to January 2009. Cross-sectional surveys at baseline and end line assessed the sexual behaviour of young female migrants. To evaluate the impact of the interventions we assessed pre- and post-time trends. RESULTS: From the SPI group 721 (baseline) and 615 (end line) respondents were considered. Out of the IPI group we included 684 and 603 migrants. Among childless migrants, self-reported contraceptive use increased significantly after SPI and IPI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52-6.84; p < 0.01 and aOR = 5.81; 95% CI = 2.63-12.80; p < 0.001, respectively). Childless migrants older than 22 years reported a greater use after IPI than after SPI. CONCLUSION: Implementing current Chinese sexual health promotion programmes at worksites is likely to have a positive impact on migrant women working in the manufacturing industry of Qingdao. More comprehensive interventions seem to have an added value if they are well targeted to specific groups.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Anticonceptiva/etnología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Indicadores de Salud , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sexual/etnología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Lugar de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , China , Análisis por Conglomerados , Conducta Anticonceptiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios de Planificación Familiar/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudios Longitudinales , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/métodos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Salud Reproductiva , Autoinforme , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
12.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care ; 16(1): 26-35, 2011 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21158522

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Considerable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges have been reported among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Predictors thereof are urgently needed to develop targeted interventions. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study assessed determinants of unmet need for contraception using semi-structured interviews in two cities in China: Guangzhou and Qingdao. RESULTS: Between July and September 2008, 4867 female rural-to-urban migrants aged 18-29 years participated in the study. Of these, 2264 were married or cohabiting. Among sexually-active women (n = 2513), unmet need for contraception was reported by 36.8% and 51.2% of respondents in Qingdao and Guangzhou, respectively; it was associated with being unmarried, having no children, less schooling, poor SRH knowledge, working in non-food industry, and not being covered by health insurance. A substantial proportion of unmarried migrants reported they had sexual intercourse (16.6 % in Qingdao and 21.4% in Guangzhou) contrary to current sexual standards in China. CONCLUSION: The study emphasises the importance of improving the response to the needs of rural-to-urban migrants and recommends strategies to address the unmet need for contraception. These should enhance open communication on sexuality, increase the availability of condoms, and improve health insurance coverage.


Asunto(s)
Anticoncepción/estadística & datos numéricos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Evaluación de Necesidades , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , China , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Migrantes/psicología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Lugar de Trabajo , Adulto Joven
13.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol ; 9: 687426, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34211967

RESUMEN

Protein secondary structures have been identified as the links in the physical processes of primary sequences, typically random coils, folding into functional tertiary structures that enable proteins to involve a variety of biological events in life science. Therefore, an efficient protein secondary structure predictor is of importance especially when the structure of an amino acid sequence fragment is not solved by high-resolution experiments, such as X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which are usually time consuming and expensive. In this paper, a reductive deep learning model MLPRNN has been proposed to predict either 3-state or 8-state protein secondary structures. The prediction accuracy by the MLPRNN on the publicly available benchmark CB513 data set is comparable with those by other state-of-the-art models. More importantly, taking into account the reductive architecture, MLPRNN could be a baseline for future developments.

14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19883784

RESUMEN

We describe several novel morphological features in the nasal region of the hammerhead shark Sphyrna tudes. Unlike the open, rounded incurrent nostril of non-hammerhead shark species, the incurrent nostril of S. tudes is a thin keyhole-like aperture. We discovered a groove running anterior and parallel to the incurrent nostril. This groove, dubbed the minor nasal groove to distinguish it from the larger, previously described, (major) nasal groove, is common to all eight hammerhead species. Using life-sized plastic models generated at 200 microm resolution from an X-ray scan, we also investigated flow in the nasal region. Even modest oncoming flow speeds stimulate extensive, but not complete, circulation within the model olfactory chamber, with flow passing through the two main olfactory channels. Flow crossed from one channel to another via a gap in the olfactory array, sometimes guided by the interlamellar channels. Major and minor nasal grooves, as well as directing flow into the olfactory chamber, can, in conjunction with the nasal bridge separating incurrent and excurrent nostrils, limit flow passing into the olfactory chamber, possibly to protect the delicate nasal structures. This is the first simulation of internal flow within the olfactory chamber of a shark.


Asunto(s)
Nariz/anatomía & histología , Nariz/fisiología , Tiburones/anatomía & histología , Tiburones/fisiología , Olfato , Animales , Modelos Anatómicos , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Olfatorias/anatomía & histología , Vías Olfatorias/fisiología , Ventilación Pulmonar , Reología , Natación , Grabación en Video , Microtomografía por Rayos X
16.
Zoology (Jena) ; 119(6): 500-510, 2016 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27449820

RESUMEN

Fishes have several means of moving water to effect odorant transport to their olfactory epithelium ('olfactory flow'). Here we show that olfactory flow in the adult garpike Belone belone (Belonidae, Teleostei), a fish with an unusual nasal region, can be generated by its motion relative to water (swimming, or an external current, or both). We also show how the unusual features of the garpike's nasal region influence olfactory flow. These features comprise a triangular nasal cavity in which the olfactory epithelium is exposed to the external environment, a papilla situated within the nasal cavity, and an elongated ventral apex. To perform our investigation we first generated life-like plastic models of garpike heads from X-ray scans of preserved specimens. We then suspended these models in a flume and flowed water over them to simulate swimming. By directing filaments of dye at the static models, we were able to visualise flow in the nasal regions at physiologically relevant Reynolds numbers (700-2,000). We found that flow of water over the heads did cause circulation in the nasal cavity. Vortices may assist in this circulation. The pattern of olfactory flow was influenced by morphological variations and the asymmetry of the nasal region. The unusual features of the nasal region may improve odorant sampling in the garpike, by dispersing flow over the olfactory epithelium and by creating favourable conditions for odorant transport (e.g. steep velocity gradients). Unexpectedly, we found that the mouth and the base of the garpike's jaws may assist the sampling process. Thus, despite its apparent simplicity, the garpike's nasal region is likely to act as an effective trap for odorant molecules.


Asunto(s)
Peces/anatomía & histología , Peces/fisiología , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Nariz/fisiología , Animales , Cabeza , Modelos Anatómicos , Olfato , Natación , Movimientos del Agua
17.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 39(2): 942-52, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25818108

RESUMEN

Trace level organic contaminants might not be completely removed from the municipal wastewater and the safety incurred by them had become a concern. These organic pollutants were extracted from water samples and detected by GC-MS. The estrogenic activity of the organic was tested using Yeast Estrogen Screen to detect the transcriptional activation of the estrogen receptor (ER) and immature mouse uterotrophic bioassays to study reproductive toxicity. The results of GC-MS demonstrated the organic extracts in the municipal wastewater and the WWTP effluents Included two major categories, benzenes and Phthalates. The estrogenic activity of organic extracts from the secondary effluent (SE) and tertiary effluent (TE) was below that of the raw wastewater (RW). Results of uterotrophic bioassay demonstrated that SE would bring some potential hazards on animals while TE was relatively safe.


Asunto(s)
Derivados del Benceno/toxicidad , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Estrógenos/toxicidad , Ácidos Ftálicos/toxicidad , Aguas Residuales/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Derivados del Benceno/análisis , China , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Estrógenos/análisis , Femenino , Ratones , Ácidos Ftálicos/análisis , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/citología , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/crecimiento & desarrollo , Útero/metabolismo , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Aguas Residuales/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Levaduras/genética , beta-Galactosidasa/metabolismo
18.
J Agric Food Chem ; 63(16): 4160-9, 2015 Apr 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25853486

RESUMEN

Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) is an important dietary vegetable cultivated and consumed widely for the round swollen stem. Purple kohlrabi shows abundant anthocyanin accumulation in the leaf and swollen stem. Here, different kinds of anthocyanins were separated and identified from the purple kohlrabi cultivar (Kolibri) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In order to study the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple kohlrabi, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and regulatory genes in purple kohlrabi and a green cultivar (Winner) was examined by quantitative PCR. In comparison with the colorless parts in the two cultivars, most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and two transcription factors were drastically upregulated in the purple tissues. To study the effects of light shed on the anthocyanin accumulation of kohlrabi, total anthocyanin contents and transcripts of associated genes were analyzed in sprouts of both cultivars grown under light and dark conditions.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/metabolismo , Brassica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Antocianinas/química , Brassica/genética , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Espectrometría de Masas , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
19.
Sex Health ; 12(1): 13-21, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25469517

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Background The sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge and attitudes of female migrant workers are far from optimum in China. A worksite-based intervention program on SRH-related knowledge, attitude and practice (SRH KAP) modification may be an effective approach to improve the SRH status among migrant workers. This study aimed to identify better intervention approaches via the implementation and evaluation of two intervention packages. METHODS: A worksite-based cluster-randomised intervention study was conducted from June to December 2008 in eight factories in Guangzhou, China. There were 1346 female migrant workers who participated in this study. Factories were randomly allocated to the standard package of interventions group (SPIG) or the intensive package of interventions group (IPIG). Questionnaires were administered to evaluate the effect of two interventions. RESULTS: SRH knowledge scores were higher at follow up than at baseline for all participants of the SPIG; the knowledge scores increased from 6.50 (standard deviation (s.d.) 3.673) to 8.69 (s.d. 4.085), and from 5.98 (s.d. 3.581) to 11.14 (s.d. 3.855) for IPIG; SRH attitude scores increased among unmarried women: the attitude scores changed from 4.25 (s.d. 1.577) to 4.46 (s.d. 1.455) for SPIG, and from 3.99 (s.d. 1.620) to 4.64 (s.d. 1.690) for IPIG; most SRH-related practice was also modified (P<0.05). In addition, after intervention, the IPIG had a higher knowledge level than the SPIG; the scores were 11.14 (s.d. 3.855) versus 8.69 (s.d. 4.085), and unmarried women in the IPIG had higher condom use rate than the SPIG (86.4% versus 57.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The interventions had positive influences on improvements in SRH knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Additionally, IPIs were more effective than SPIs, indicating that a comprehensive intervention may achieve better results.

20.
J Agric Food Chem ; 62(31): 7813-21, 2014 Aug 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25055052

RESUMEN

Tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee) is an economically and nutritionally important dietary vegetable in Asian countries. Purple tumorous stem mustard contains inflated tumorous stem and abundant anthocyanin accumulation in leaves. Here, 20 anthocyanins were separated and identified from the purple tumorous stem mustard by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In order to investigate the regulatory anthocyanin production in purple tumorous stem mustard, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in leaves from purple and green cultivars were examined. Regulatory gene BjTT8 and all biosynthetic genes were dramatically upregulated in the purple variety. Moreover, the transcript level of BjTT8 and all structural genes, except BjPAL, were all significantly higher in light-treated sprouts than in the dark. These results indicate that transcriptional activation of BjTT8 is associated with upregulation of most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, to produce anthocyanins in purple tumorous stem mustard.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/análisis , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Planta de la Mostaza/genética , Planta de la Mostaza/metabolismo , Antocianinas/genética , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Genotipo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
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