Simulation of the spatial and temporal changes of complex non-point source loads in a lake watershed of central China.

In this study, a coupling model of agricultural and urban non-point source (AUNPS) is established in order to estimate complex non-point source (NPS) pollutant loads in the urban-rural fringe. Furthermore, a spatial-temporal change model of non-point source (CA-AUNPS) is established by the coupling of AUNPS and cellular automata (CA) models. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in Tangxun watershed were simulated during 1991-2020, and the results show that: (1) the CA-AUNPS model is an effective tool to simulate the spatial-temporal changes of NPS pollutant loads in urban-rural fringe; (2) in terms of the spatial changes, the TN and TP loads generally showed as rural/urban construction land > farmland > forest/green land, and the high-value areas of NPS pollutant loads expanded from north to south with the increase of construction land; with regard to temporal changes, the TN and TP loads generally displayed an increasing tendency during 1991-2020, and by 2020 the TN and TP loads will increase to 370.06 and 33.89 t yr(-1), respectively; (3) the spatial-temporal changes of TN and TP loads in Tangxun watershed correlate strongly with the land-use, slope, and rainfall.

General method for detecting acrylamide in foods and comprehensive survey of acrylamide in foods sold in Southeast China.

This study aimed to investigate the distribution of acrylamide (AA) in food by developing a universal method for detecting AA in various foods and analyzing the levels of AA in 437 food samples collected from Southeast China. The developed method was simple, rapid, and widely applicable, with an average recovery rate range of 81.7-94.2% and a relative standard deviation range of 1.7-8.2%. The limit of detection (LOD, 2.0-3.4 µg kg-1) and limit of quantitation (LOQ, 6.0-10 µg kg-1) were also determined. AA was detected in all types of food, with a total detection rate of 76%, and the levels ranged from LOQ to 6020 µg kg-1. Potato chips had the highest level of AA (mean value of 504 µg kg-1), whereas pastries had the lowest level (mean value < 6.0 µg kg-1). Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in AA levels among different foods (H = 229.8, p < 0.05). The AA safety limit intake recommendations suggested that the intake of high-AA foods should be strictly controlled to reduce the risk of potential carcinogenic effects. The developed method provides a useful tool for monitoring AA levels in food.

Mechanistic insights of magnolol antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma using untargeted metabolomic analyses.

The unreasonable use of antibiotics is one of the important causes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that poses a huge public health threat. Magnolol is a traditional Chinese medicine exhibiting antibacterial-, antifungal-, anti-inflammatory-, and antioxidant activities. However, it is unclear whether magnolol has an inhibitory effect on mycoplasma. This study found that magnolol showed excellent inhibitory activity against various mycoplasmas. Magnolol showed dose-dependent inhibition of Mycoplasma synoviae growth and biofilm formation in vitro. Magnolol caused severely sunken and wrinkled M. synoviae cell membranes at the minimum inhibitory concentration, and an enlarged cell diameter. The chicken embryo infection model showed that magnolol significantly reduced M. synoviae pathogenicity in vivo. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism were significantly disturbed at the minimum inhibitory concentration of magnolol. Interestingly, 41% of differential metabolites were in the categories of lipids and lipid-like molecules. Protegenin A was up-regulated 58752-fold after magnolol treatment. It belongs to fatty acyls, and destroys cell membrane integrity and cell activity. Ghosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine related to membrane maintenance and stress response were widely down-regulated. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of magnolol as a phytochemical compound to treat mycoplasma infection.

Correlation between cerebral atrophy and total burden of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with recent small subcortical infarct / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebral atrophy and total burden of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with recent small subcortical infarct(RSSI).Methods A total of 194 elderly RSSI patients admitted to Department of Neurology of Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from September 2021 to November 2022 were recruited in this study.All patients completed cranial MRI examination and were divid-ed into a non-mild group 1(97 cases)and a moderate to severe group 1(97 cases)based on the to-tal burden of cerebral small vessel diseases(CSVD)imaging.Visual assessment scale was used to assess the severity of brain atrophy in the whole brain and various regions of the brain.According to the global cortical atrophy scale(GCA)score,all patients were divided into a non-mild group 2(88 cases)and a moderate to severe group 2(106 cases).Brain atrophy in various regions,medial temporal lobe atrophy(MTA)score,frontal temporal lobe atrophy(FTA)score,and posterior cortical atrophy(PA)score were evaluated.Their general clinical and imaging data were collected,multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between GCA score and total burden of CSVD imaging in RSSI patients,and Spearman correlation analysis was further adopted to explore the correlation of GCA score and different parts of brain atrophy with total burden of CSVD imaging.Results When compared with the non-mild group 1,the moderate to severe group 1 had significantly larger proportions of having GCA score of 2-3 points,PA score of 2-3 points,MTA score of 2-4 points and FTA score of 2-4 points(P＜0.01).The ra-tio of having 2-4 points in total imaging burden score of CSVD was obviously higher in the mod-erate to severe group 2 than the non-mild group 2(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression anal-ysis showed that age and total burden of CSVD imaging were independent risk factors for brain atrophy in RSSI patients(OR=1.184,95％CI:1.099-1.276,P=0.000;OR=3.537,95％CI:1.664-7.518,P=0.001).Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the total burden score of CSVD imaging was positively correlated with GCA,MTA,FTA and PA scores in RSSI patients(r=0.518,r=0.382,r=0.471,r=0.388,P=0.000).Conclusion The total burden of CSVD is an independent risk factor for GCA in elderly RSSI patients.The more serious the total burden of CSVD is,the higher the grade of GCA is.The total burden of CSVD is related to the whole brain and brain atrophy in other different regions of the brain.

Effects of breastfeeding on immune response of CD4+T lymphocytes in infants / 中国儿童保健杂志

【Objective】 To explore the effects of breastfeeding on the immune response of CD4+T lymphocytes in infants in non-inflammatory state, and to analyze the immunomodulatory significance of the whole composition of breast milk. 【Methods】 A retrospective cohort study was conducted. From January to September 2022, six-month-old infants who took physical examination in the Child Healthcare Department of Changzhou Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, were selected based on inclusion criteria, and were divided into breastfeeding group (n=33) and formula feeding group (n=27) based on their feeding patterns. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD4+ T cells, including helper T cell (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cell (Treg), and the levels of related cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17 in peripheral blood. The differences in these indicators between the two groups were compared. 【Results】 Compared with the formula feeding group, the breastfeeding group showed significantly higher percentages of Th1(t=3.038), Treg (t=2.088). The ratio of Th1 to Th2(Z=2.756), IL-10(Z=2.297) and IFN-γ (Z=2.076) in the peripheral blood of the breastfeeding group were also significantly higher. Conversely, the breastfeeding group had significantly lower percentage of Th17(Z=2.704) and IL-17A (t=2.187) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference the percentage of Th2, as well as in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α between the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 Breastfeeding has a regulatory effect on the immune response of infant CD4+ T lymphocytes. It promotes the development of Th1/Th2 towards Th1 and the immunomodulatory effect of Treg. Moreover, it inhibits the Th17 type immune response. These findings suggest that the complete composition of breast milk contributes to the development and maturation of infant immune system, enhancing immune defense and immune tolerance.

Regulation of Immune Balance by Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cough variant asthma （CVA） is a chronic respiratory disease with cough as its main symptom. The occurrence of CVA is closely related to non-specific airway inflammation， and its pathogenesis involves environmental， genetic， immune， and other factors. In recent years， the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of CVA have attracted the attention of experts and scholars in China and abroad， especially its prominent role in regulating immune balance， relieving cough symptoms in CVA patients， and reducing recurrence. T Helper cells 1 （Th1）， T helper cells 2 （Th2）， T helper cells 17 （Th17）， and regulatory T cells （Treg） are derived from CD4+ T cells. Immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is a new hotspot in the pathogenesis of CVA and a potential key target in the treatment of CVA by TCM. Th cell subsets are in dynamic balance under physiological conditions， maintaining respiratory immune homeostasis in which pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are balanced. Immature helper T cells （Th0） can be differentiated into Th1， Th2， Th17， Treg， and other cell subsets due to cytokine types in the microenvironment in the stage of CVA maturation. The proliferation of Th2 cells leads to eosinophilic airway inflammation. Excessive differentiation of Th17 cells induces neutrophil airway inflammation. Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells are mutually restricted in number and function， and the immune imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is easy to aggravate the generation of inflammatory response. Restoring immune balance is particularly important for the airway anti-inflammatory therapy of CVA. In this paper， the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg and the pathogenesis of CVA were systematically expounded. Meanwhile， the latest research on the regulation of immune imbalance by TCM compound， single TCM， and its effective ingredients in the treatment of CVA was reviewed. It provides ideas and references for revealing the scientific connotation of TCM regulating immune balance therapy of CVA， as well as the development of clinical treatment and basic research of CVA.

Pharmacokinetics of Cordycepin and Its Metabolite 3′-Deoxyinosine in Rats / 医药导报

Objective To establish a method of LC-MS/MS for determining cordycepin(Cor)and 3′-deoxyinosine(3′-Deo)concentration in rat plasma,and to study their pharmacokinetics in rats.Methods Protein was precipitated with methanol using 2-chloadenosine(2-Chl)as an internal standard.The chromatography was performed on Kinetex C18(3 mm×100 mm,2.6 μm,Phenomenex,USA)with gradient elution in aqueous(5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate)-methanol solution as mobile phase.ESI ion source was used for mass spectrometry,and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)was used for scanning detection.The pharmacokinetics of Cor and 3′-Deo after oral administration of Cor(10 mg·kg-1)were studied in rats.Results Cor at 0.5-100 ng·mL-1 and 3′-Deo at 1-200 ng·mL-1 had good linearity,and the lower limits of quantification were 0.5 and 1 ng·mL-1,respectively.After oral administration of Cor in rats,the plasma concentration of Cor was low,which was mainly converted into the metabolite 3′-Deo.The Cmax of Cor and 3′-Deo were(5.4±3.4)and(142.0±50.0)ng·mL-1,and AUC0-360min min were(658.4±459.3)and(18 034.9±4 981.1)ng·min·mL-1,respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,sensi-tive,and accurate,which is suitable for determining Cor and 3′-Deo concentration in plasma and the pharmacokinetic study.

Adaptive amino acid substitutions enable transmission of an H9N2 avian influenza virus in guinea pigs.

H9N2 is the most prevalent low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in domestic poultry in the world. Two distinct H9N2 poultry lineages, G1-like (A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97) and Y280-like (A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/1997) viruses, are usually associated with binding affinity for both α 2,3 and α 2,6 sialic acid receptors (avian and human receptors), raising concern whether these viruses possess pandemic potential. To explore the impact of mouse adaptation on the transmissibility of a Y280-like virus A/Chicken/Hubei/214/2017(H9N2) (abbreviated as WT), we performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the WT virus in mice. The mouse-adapted variant (MA) exhibited enhanced pathogenicity and advantaged transmissibility after passaging in mice. Sequence analysis of the complete genomes of the MA virus revealed a total of 16 amino acid substitutions. These mutations distributed across 7 segments including PB2, PB1, PA, NP, HA, NA and NS1 genes. Furthermore, we generated a panel of recombinant or mutant H9N2 viruses using reverse genetics technology and confirmed that the PB2 gene governing the increased pathogenicity and transmissibility. The combinations of 340 K and 588 V in PB2 were important in determining the altered features. Our findings elucidate the specific mutations in PB2 contribute to the phenotype differences and emphasize the importance of monitoring the identified amino acid substitutions due to their potential threat to human health.

Effect of transcription factor NFIB on cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of transcription factor nuclear factor IB (NFIB) on cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer.Methods:The lentivirus pLKO.1-shNFIB plasmid was constructed, packaged and infected with human estrogen receptor positive (ER + ) breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231, respectively, NFIB was stably knocked down and verified by Western blot method; Cell count test (CCK-8) and clone formation test were used to investigate the effect of knockdown NFIB on the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells; The transwell experiment and Western blot method were performed to detect the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition protein markers. The effect of knockdown NFIB on the invasive ability of triple-negative breast cancer cells was explored; Kaplan-Meier survival was used to analyze web data (http: //kmplot.com/analysis/) to explore the effect of NFIB on the prognosis of ER + breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer patients. Results:In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, knocking down NFIB inhibited cell growth and proliferation; In triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, knocking down NFIB promoted the expression of interstitial marker fibronectin and promoted cell invasion; The lower the expression of NFIB, the worse the prognosis of triple negative breast cancer patients, while the expression of NFIB had no effect on the prognosis of ER + breast cancer patients. Conclusions:Knocking down NFIB inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, and the expression level of NFIB is not related to the prognosis of ER + breast cancer patients; Knocking down NFIB inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells but promotes their invasion; The low expression of NFIB is associated with the poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Chronic kidney disease and cerebral microbleeds / 国际脑血管病杂志

Because the brain and kidneys share a common basis for small vessel lesions, the related research on cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is gradually increasing. The development of neuroimaging technology has significantly increased the detection rate of CMBs, but there is still controversy over whether CKD will increase the incidence of CMBs. This article reviews the relationship between CKD and CMBs, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatment.

Effects of two irradiation methods on alkaloids in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its preparations / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the effects of electron beam irradiation and 60Co irradiation on the composition changes of four alkaloids in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, intermediate extracts of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Lixieling Tablets. Methods:Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, intermediate extracts of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Lixieling Tablets were irradiated at different doses of 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 30, 40 kGy by electron beam irradiation and 60Co irradiation. The contents of oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, matrine and sophocarpine were determined by HPLC, and the changes of the components before and after irradiation were compared. Results:Oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, matrine and sophocarpine were among 0.046 9-0.937 4 μg, 0.020 5-0.410 4 μg, 0.098 9-1.977 9 μg, 0.048 7-0.973 1 μg, respectively. The linear relationship was good. The average recovery rates were 98.1%, 100.1%, 100.5%, 96.6%, respectively, and the RSDs were 1.69%, 2.03%, 3.14% and 1.10%, respectively. Electron beam irradiation and 60Co irradiation had no statistical significance on the changes of oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, matrine and sophocarpine in Sophora flavescens, but had statistical significance in the contents of intermediate extracts of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Lixieling Tablets. Conclusion:The established method for the determination of matrine is accurate, reproducible, simple and practical, and can be used for the quality control of Lixieling Tablets. Irradiation has no significant effect on the content of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, while high dose irradiation has significant effect on the intermediates and finished products of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, which can provide a basis for quality control and sterilization irradiation of enterprises.

Study on the relationship between psychological capital, career decision-making difficulties and employment anxiety of undergraduate nursing students / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between psychological capital, career decision-making difficulties, and employment anxiety among undergraduate nursing students, in order to help them improve their employability and mental health.Methods:From December 2022 to January 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 543 undergraduate nursing students from five medical colleges in Shanxi Province interning at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, selected through convenience sampling method, using a General Information Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Scale, College Student Career Decision-making Difficulties Scale, and College Student Employment Anxiety Scale. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among them, and hierarchical model was used to explore the predictive ability of undergraduate nursing students ′ psychological capital and career decision-making difficulties on their employment anxiety by stratified regression analysis. Results:The score of College Student Employment Anxiety Scale of 543 undergraduate nursing students was 36(30, 44). The results of correlation analysis showed that employment anxiety was negatively correlated with psychological capital and its four dimensions (self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism), while employment anxiety was moderately correlated with career decision-making difficulties and its three dimensions (lack of preparation, difficulty in information exploration and conflict)( r values were -0.291 to 0.564, all P<0.05). The hierarchical model showed that psychological capital and career decision-making difficulties independently explained the 46.1% variation of employment anxiety after controlling the influence of general data. Conclusions:The score of employment anxiety of undergraduate nursing students is in the middle level, and the difficulty of career decision-making has a positive impact, while the psychological capital has a negative impact. College educators can continuously monitor the psychological capital and provide career development counseling for undergraduate nursing students through positive psychological intervention and effective management measures, so as to reduce the degree of employment anxiety of undergraduate nursing students.

Correlation between optic nerve tissue thickness and basal ganglia-enlarged perivascular space in patients with recent small subcortical infarct / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between optic nerve tissue thickness and enlarged perivascular space(EPVS)in patients with recent small subcortical infarct(RSSI).Methods A total of 72 RSSI patients admitted to Department of Neurology of Changzhou Second People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from November 2021 to December 2022 were re-cruited in this study.All patients underwent cranial MRI,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus photography.The thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCL-IPL)were measured by software semi-automatic segmentation,and fundus lesions such as fundus hemorrhage and exudation were observed through fundus photography.The severity of EPVS was graded by visual quantitative evaluation,and then the patients were divided into no to mild EPVS group(32 cases)and moderate to severe EPVS group(40 cases).Basal gan-glia EPVS(BG-EPVS)and semioval center EPVS(CSO-EPVS)were further graded and grouped into no to mild BG-EPVS group(31 cases)and moderate and severe BG-EPVS group(41 cases),and no to mild CSO-EPVS group(39 cases)and moderate and severe CSO-EPVS group(33 cases).The clinical data of each group were compared separately.Results There were statistical differences in age,ratio of hypertension and thicknesses of RNFL and GCL-IPL between the no to mild EPVS group and the moderate to severe EPVS group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),between the no to mild BG-EPVS and the moderate to severe BG-EPVS group(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic re-gression analysis showed that age(OR=1.207,95％CI:1.028-1.416,P=0.021),hypertension(OR=7.264,95％CI:1.079-11.929,P=0.042),RNFL thickness(OR=0.753,95％CI:0.617-0.915,P=0.004)and GCL-IPL thickness(OR=0.848,95％CI:0.758-0.949,P=0.004)were independent factors of BG-EPVS grade.Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the thicknes-ses of RNFL and GCL-IPL were negatively correlated with BG-EPVS grade(r=-0.571,r=-0.649,P＜0.01).Conclusion RNFL and GCL-IPL thicknesses are independent factors for BG-EPVS grade and negatively correlated with BG-EPVS grade.OCT has important clinical value in assessing the severity of EPVS lesions in RSSI patients.

Correlation between residual cholesterol level and vertebrobasilar artery dilatation in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between the residual cholesterol(RC)level and vertebrobasilar dilatation(VBD)in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods A total of 325 elderly ACI patients admitted to Department of Neurology,Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to July 2021 were recruited retrospectively.All of them underwent cranial MRI,CTA and biochemical test for plasma levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C and other biochemical indicators.According to the imaging diagnostic criteria,they were divided into VBD group(52 cases)and non-VBD group(273 cases).Their clini-cal data were compared between the two groups,and the relationship between RC level and VBD was analyzed in the elderly ACI patients.Results Significant differences were observed in age,sex,hypertension,history of smoking and TC and RC levels between the VBD group and non-VBD group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjus-ting the potential confounding factors,age(OR=1.126,95％CI:1.065-1.191,P=0.000),male(OR=4.163,95％CI:11.173-10.120,P=0.002),and RC level(OR=1.270,95％CI:1.151-1.401,P=0.000)were independent risk factors for VBD in elderly ACI patients.Conclusion Age,male and RC level are independent risk factors for VBD in elderly ACI patients.High RC lev-el may increase the risk of VBD.

Application of catheter information platform based on failure mode and effect analysis in preventing central venous catheter-related infection in intensive care unit / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) based catheter information platform in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in intensive care unit to improve the current status of CRBSI.Methods:In this study, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using the purposive sampling method, and 140 patients with indwelling central venous catheters admitted to the ICU of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from August to December 2021 were set as the control group; the 140 patients with indwelling central venous catheters admitted to the ICU from January to May 2022 were set as the observation group. The control group used electronic forms to record and manage at the bedside after CRBSI cluster nursing measures were given, and the observation group used the catheter information platform based on FMEA to conduct information management on catheter evaluation and maintenance process after CRBSI cluster nursing measures were given. Compared the implementation rate (6 items), implementation time, qualification rate, and incidence of CRBSI in ICU patients between two groups of ICU nurses.Results:The implementation rate of CRBSI cluster nursing measures among ICU nurses in the observation group: strict hand hygiene by nurses was 87%(122/140), maximum aseptic barrier during puncture was 97%(136/140), aseptic operation during catheter maintenance was 91%(128/140), 75% alcohol disinfection of connectors was 84%(118/140), 24-hour change of infusion lines was 95%(133/140), and timely change of patches/dressings was 89%(125/140), they were greater than those in the control group 70%(98/140), 87%(122/140), 71%(100/140), 61%(86/140), 71%(99/140), 69%(96/140), the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 9.67 to 29.07, all P<0.05); the execution time and qualification rate among ICU nurses in the observation group were (9.11 ± 2.83) minutes and 91.4% (128/140), the control group were (10.00 ± 2.84) minutes and 60.7% (85/140), with statistically significant differences ( t value was -2.64, χ2 values was 36.28, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The FMEA-based catheterization information platform can help enhance the efficiency of the implementation of CRBSI clustering nursing measures by ICU nurses, improve the quality of care, and thus reduce the occurrence of CRBSI, and the feasibility of clinical promotion is high.

Status quo and influencing factors of health self-management ability of scientific and technological workers in Shanxi Province / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of health self-management ability of scientific and technological workers in Shanxi Province.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Using the general situation questionnaire and the adult health self-management ability evaluation scale, 467 scientific and technological workers who received physical examination in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2022 to September 2022 were investigated by questionnaire, and their height, weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and blood uric acid were collected on the day of physical examination. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of health self-management ability, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between health self-management ability and examination items.Results:The total score of health self-management ability of 467 scientific and technological workers was (153.7±16.5). The results of multiple linear regression showed that the type of medical insurance, self-assessment of health status, staying up late, and sleep quality were independent influencing factors of health self-management ability ( R2=0.141, adjusted R2=0.120, F=6.771; P<0.001). Health self-management ability was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein ( r=0.114), behavioral subscale was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein ( r=0.107), environmental subscale was negatively correlated with uric acid ( r=-0.103), triglyceride ( r=-0.118), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein ( r=0.129), and cognitive subscale was negatively correlated with triglyceride ( r=-0.125), all of which were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The ability of health self-management of scientific and technological workers in Shanxi Province belongs to the upper middle level, which is affected by the type of medical insurance, the self-assessment of health status, staying up late, and the quality of sleep. It is suggested that the ability of health self-management of scientific and technological workers can be improved by strengthening their health beliefs, providing a more convenient working environment, reducing the frequency of staying up late, and improving their sleep quality.

Research on Syndrome and Treatment Rules of Famous Doctors in Treating Ulcerative Colitis Based on Data Mining / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo systematically review the clinical experience of four sessions of Masters of Traditional Chinese Medicine and two sessions of National Famous Chinese Medicine Practitioners in treating ulcerative colitis （UC）. Data mining and analysis were conducted to clarify the diagnosis and treatment ideas and characteristics of prescription used by these famous doctors in treating UC. MethodsRelevant literature on the treatment of UC by renowned doctors was retrieved from the establishment of the database until March 31， 2023. The literature was collected from databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database， and China Biomedical Literature Database. The data mining techniques including frequency analysis， association rules， and cluster analysis were conducted using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform V2.3.5. ResultsA total of 157 literatures were included in this study， including 115 clinical case data. The study found that UC can be categorized into 14 types of syndrome patterns for treatment， including large intestine dampness-heat syndrome （75，65.22%）， syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency （23， 20.00%）， spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome （21， 18.26%）. The main affected organs were the spleen （85， 73.91%） and large intestine （75， 65.22%）， and they were closely related to liver （24， 20.87%） and the kidney （21， 18.26%）. The predominant pathogenic factors were dampness （83， 72.17%） ， heat （80， 69.57%） and qi deficiency （65， 56.52%）. The treatment involved 30 kinds of treatment methods， including heat-clearing and dampness-draining method （75， 65.22%）， pleen-tonifying and qi-boosting method （25，21.74%） and spleen-invigorating and dampness-transforming method （23， 20.00%）. The medication involved 187 ingredients， with the most commonly used being heat-clearing herbs （37， 19.79%） and tonifying herbs （27， 14.44%）. The tastes of the herbs were mostly sweet （85， 45.45%） ， bitter （80， 42.78%） ， and pungent （71， 37.97%）. The association rules revealed 16 high-frequency combinations mainly composed of Huanglian （黄连）， Baishao （白芍） and Gancao （甘草） along with Baizhu （白术）， Fuling （茯苓）， Muxiang （木香） and Danggui （当归）. ConclusionFamous doctors are skilled in diagnosing and treating UC based on the differentiation of the zang-fu organs and qi-blood. The key pathological mechanism is “spleen deficiency as the root， and large intestine damp-heat as the manifestation”. The core treatment approach is “heat-clearing， spleen-tonifying， and dampness-draining”， with the inclusion of “regulating qi and blood， and balancing cold and heat”.

Development of a New Molecular Marker for the Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) responsible for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes a substantial decrease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield worldwide. The use of resistant variety as a sustainable management strategy has been advocated. Tremendous progress has been made in genetically characterizing the resistance genes (R gene) in tomato. Breeding tomato for TYLCV resistance has been based mostly on Ty-3 as a race-specific resistance gene by introgression originating from wild tomato species relatives. Improvement or development of a cultivar is achievable through the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Therefore, precise and easy use of gene-targeted markers would be of significant importance for selection in breeding programs. The present study was undertaken to develop a new marker based on Ty-3 gene sequence that can be used for MAS in TYLCV resistant tomato breeding program. The new developed marker was named ACY. The reliability and accuracy of ACY were evaluated against those of Ty-3 linked marker P6-25 through screening of commercial resistant and susceptible tomato hybrids, and genetic segregation using F2 population derived from a commercial resistant hybrid AG208. With the use of bioinformatics and DNA sequencing analysis tools, deletion of 10 nucleotides was observed in Ty-3 gene sequence for susceptible tomato variety. ACY is a co-dominant indel-based marker that produced clear and strong polymorphic band patterns for resistant plant distinguishing it from its susceptible counterpart. The obtained result correlates with 3:1 segregation ratio of single resistant dominant gene inheritance, which depicted ACY as gene-tag functional marker. This marker is currently in use for screening 968 hybrids varieties and one thousand breeding lines of tomato varieties stocked in Jiangsu Green Port Modern Agriculture Development Company (Green Port). So far, ACY has been used to identify 56 hybrids and 51 breeding lines. These newly detected breeding lines were regarded as potential source of resistance for tomato breeding. This work exploited the sequence of Ty-3 and subsequently contributed to the development of molecular marker ACY to aid phenotypic selection. We thus recommend this marker to breeders, which is suitable for marker-assisted selection in tomato.

Disialyllacto-N-tetraose improves intestinal homeostasis of metabolic microenvironment to prevent the pathological development of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) on low molecular weight metabolic profile of intestinal contents in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in an attempt to explore the protective mechanism of DLSNT on intestinal tract of neonates.Methods:Immediately after birth, SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the NEC group and the NEC+ DSLNT group according to random number tale method.All rats were hand-fed by special formula milk.Rats in the NEC group and NEC+ DSLNT group were exposed to hypoxia (950 mL/L nitrogen, 10 min, thrice per day) and cold stress (4 ℃, 10 min, thrice per day) for continuous 3 days to establish rodent NEC model.Rats in the NEC+ DSLNT group were hand-fed with special formula containing 300 μmol/L DSLNT.All rats were sacrificed after 72 h, and intestinal contents were collected from ileum and colon, followed by untargeted metabolomic determination with the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q extractive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) method.The terminal ileum was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The metabolome data were analyzed with multivariable analysis using SIMCA 14.1.The metabolites that met both variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1 in the orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA) model and P<0.05 in the t-test were screened as differential metabolites between groups. Results:DSLNT reduced the incidence of NEC and pathological scores of ileum tissue from neonatal rats with NEC [3.0(2.0, 3.0) scores vs.1.0(1.0, 2.0) scores, P<0.01], and also significantly suppressed inflammatory infiltration.OPLS-DA model based on the metabolome data determined by UHPLC-QE-MS could perform effective discrimination between the NEC group and the control group, as well as the NEC+ DSLNT group and the NEC group.There were 64 differential metabolites between the NEC group and the control group (VIP value>1 and P<0.05 for the OPLS-DA model). These metabolites included docosahexaenoic acid (+ 288.0%, P=0.028), xanthine (+ 372.1%, P=0.007), L-arginine (+ 233.1%, P=0.027), L-leucine (+ 232.7%, P=0.015), N-acetylneuraminic acid (-41.6%, P=0.014), and so forth.These metabolites were associated with 34 metabolic pathways.Among them, such 6 pathways as arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism were the most disturbed pathways affected by NEC.There were 15 diffe-rential metabolites in between NEC+ DSLNT group and NEC group, which included D-mannose (-73.5%, P=0.032), xanthine (-63.4%, P=0.008), linoleic acid (+ 137.9%, P=0.047), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (+ 278.2%, P=0.005), and so forth.These metabolites were mapped to 7 metabolic pathways, among them, linoleic acid metabolism pathway was the most relevant differential pathway affected by DSLNT.There were 8 overlapped meta-bolites in both comparison strategies, and the variation trend of these overlapped metabolites in the NEC group was significantly reversed by DSLNT supplementation. Conclusions:DSLNT could significantly attenuate the NEC pathological damage caused by hypoxia/cold stress in neonatal rats.This protective effect is associated with the improvement of the metabolic profile of intestinal contents caused by NEC and the modulation of the linoleic acid metabolic pathway.The early preventive supplementation of DSLNT is of great significance in maintaining neonatal intestinal homeostasis and preventing the process of NEC.

Application value and treatment opportunity of enteroscopy in children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value and treatment opportunity of single balloon enteroscopy in children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 children diagnosed with PJS in Hunan Children′s Hospital from January 2011 to September 2021.The patient′s age, gender, family history, clinical symptoms, enteroscopy examination and treatment, number of polyps, intraoperative and pos-toperative complications, surgical treatment, recurrence of surgery, and follow-up data were analyzed, and the chi- square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 33 PJS children aged (9.00±3.13) years, including 21 males and 12 females, were included.All of them received at least once single balloon enteroscopy test.The main manifestations of the children were black spots (33 cases) and multiple polyps in the digestive tract (31 cases). In all the 33 cases, black spots were distributed on lips.Some black spots were also found at the end of fingers (3 cases), at the end of foot toes(2 cases), and at the end of finger toes (6 cases). During the operation, 391 polyps were removed, most of which were jejunum polyps (37.08%, 145/391 polyps). Eleven children with PJS has intussusception, of which intestinal intussusception accounted for 90.91% (10/11 cases). Ten cases (30.30%, 10/33 cases) received surgical treatment, and 72.73% (8/11 cases) underwent surgery for acute refractory intussusception.One case had intestinal perforation and 2 cases were bleeding during the operation, and the 3 cases recovered completely after hemostatic clip sealing and surgical treatment.The incidence of hollow ileum polyps and giant polyps in children aged >8 years was higher than that in children aged ≤8 years[92.55% (149/161 polyps) vs.7.45%(12/161 polyps), 96.20%(76/79 polyps) vs.3.80% (3/79 polyps)]. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=9.854, 8.711, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intussusception among different age groups ( P>0.05). Among the 33 children with PJS, 57.58% (19/33 cases) had recurrence 1-3 years after operation, and no cases of cancer have been followed up so far. Conclusions:Intestinal polyps are common in children with PJS, and the application of single-balloon enteroscopy in children with PJS is reliable and safe.Children over 8 years old are more vulnerable to empty ileum polyps and giant polyps.Therefore, it is advised that children aged above 8 years with PJS should undergo at least once enteroscopy.