SERCA2a: a key protein in the Ca2+ cycle of the heart failure.

Calcium ion (Ca2+) cycle plays a crucial role in the contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) acts as an organelle for storing Ca2+, which mediated the release and re-uptake of Ca2+ during contraction and relaxation. Disorders of SR function lead to the dysfunction of Ca2+ cycle and myocardial cell function. The sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) acts as a subtype of SERCA expressed in the heart, which mediates the contraction of cardiomyocytes and Ca2+ in the cytoplasm to re-enter into the SR. The rate of uptake of Ca2+ by the SR determines the rate of myocardial relaxation. The regulation of SERCA2a activity controls the contractility and relaxation of the heart, affecting cardiac function. The expression and activity of SERCA2a are reduced in failing hearts. Gene therapy by increasing the expression of SERCA2a in the heart has been proven effective. In addition, SERCA2a is regulated by a variety of factors, including transmembrane micropeptides, protein kinases, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review, we discuss the regulatory factors of SERCA2a and provide new insights into future treatments and the direction of heart failure research. In addition, gene therapy for SERCA2a has recently emerged as therapeutic option and hence will be discussed in this review.

Overfit deep neural network for predicting drug-target interactions.

Drug-target interactions (DTIs) prediction is an important step in drug discovery. As traditional biological experiments or high-throughput screening are high cost and time-consuming, many deep learning models have been developed. Overfitting must be avoided when training deep learning models. We propose a simple framework, called OverfitDTI, for DTI prediction. In OverfitDTI, a deep neural network (DNN) model is overfit to sufficiently learn the features of the chemical space of drugs and the biological space of targets. The weights of trained DNN model form an implicit representation of the nonlinear relationship between drugs and targets. Performance of OverfitDTI on three public datasets showed that the overfit DNN models fit the nonlinear relationship with high accuracy. We identified fifteen compounds that interacted with TEK, a receptor tyrosine kinase contributing to vascular homeostasis, and the predicted AT9283 and dorsomorphin were experimentally demonstrated as inhibitors of TEK in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Polyene phosphatidylcholine injection in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease:a systematic review and Meta-analysis / 中国药师

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of polyene phosphatidylcholine injection in the treatment of liver disease.Methods Pubmed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,ClinicalTrial.gov,CNKI,SinoMed,VIP,and WanFang Data were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of polyene phosphatidylcholine injection in the treatment of liver disease from inception to December 31st,2022.Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.The Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software.Results A total of 10 RCTs were included,including 809 patients.Meta-analysis showed that the effective rate in the polyene phosphatidylcholine injection group was higher than that in the control group(RR=1.12,95％CI 1.04 to 1.20,P=0.003 8).Compared with the control group,polyene phosphatidylcholine injection could decrease ALT level(MD=-18.92 U/L,95％CI-27.75 to-10.09,P＜0.001),AST level(MD=-31.19 U/L,95％CI-46.27 to-16.11,P=0.000 1),TBiL level(MD=-7.31 μmol/L,95％CI-10.75 to-3.88,P＜0.001),and GGT levels(MD=-48.93 U/L,95％CI-54.64 to-43.21,P＜0.001).Only one study reported mild adverse events,and six studies reported no severe adverse events in patients.Conclusion Current evidence shows that polyene phosphatidylcholine injection in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease can increase the effective rate,improve the levels of liver function indicators(ALT,AST,TBiL,and GGT),and has less adverse events.Due to the limited number and quality of included studies,the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Construction of micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma organoids and screening of targeted drugs / 天津医药

Objective To establish a culture method for micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma organoids and conduct targeted drug screening.Methods Organoids were extracted and cultured from a surgical tissue sample of a patient diagnosed with micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma,and the growth of lung cancer organoids was observed and recorded dynamically.The morphological and gene expression characteristics of tumor cells between lung cancer organoids and parental tissue were compared using hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemical methods.Real time fluorescence quantitative polynucleotide chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method was used to detect gene mutations in lung cancer parental tissue and organoids.Finally,based on results of genetic testing,targeted drugs were selected and their therapeutic effects were verified.Results We have successfully cultured spherical organoids from micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma tissue,which can be passaged for at least 3 generations.HE staining results showed that the morphology of tumor cells in organoids was roughly consistent with that of parental tissue.The immunohistochemical results showed that the protein expression levels of various genes in lung cancer organoids and parental tissue were roughly the same.Results of gene mutation analysis showed that the mutated genes in lung cancer parental tissue and organoids were consistent,both reflecting RET fusion.The screening results of targeted drugs based on lung cancer organoids showed that vandertinib had the best anti-tumor effect in vitro.Conclusion Drug screening experiments based on micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma organoids can screen highly efficient targeted drugs in a short period of time,which may benefit patients with micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma.

Inhibitory effect of resveratrol on neovascularization in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing the SUMOylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To explore intrinsic mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on neovascularization in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from the perspective of ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like protein modification balance.Methods:The human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 was used as the research object. Cultured A431 cells at exponential growth phase were divided into 3 groups (control group, 50 μmol/L resveratrol group, and 100 μmol/L resveratrol group) to be cultured with mediums containing 0, 50, and 100 μmol/L resveratrol, respectively. Cell proliferation activity was assessed by the 3- (4,5) -dimethylthiazol (-z-y1) -2,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay after 48-hour culture; the vasculogenic mimicry formation assay was performed to evaluate the vasculogenic mimicry formation ability of A431 cells after 12-hour treatment with resveratrol; Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the relative protein expression levels of ubiquitin, small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in different groups after 48-hour treatment with resveratrol. Then, 24 8-week-old BALB/c male thymectomized mice were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups to be subcutaneously inoculated with A431 cells in the inguinal region, followed by intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg resveratrol (1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg resveratrol group), or the same volume of physiological sodium chloride solutions (control group) ; the intraperitoneal injections were done once every 3 days in all groups; all the above mice were sacrificed on the 21st day, and the tumors were resected and weighed. Immunohistochemistry assay was performed to determine the CD31 expression in tumor tissues. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and least significant difference (LSD) - t test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:The proliferation rate of A431 cells significantly differed among the control group, 50 μmol/L resveratrol group, and 100 μmol/L resveratrol group ( F = 17.75, P = 0.017), and was significantly lower in the 50 μmol/L resveratrol group (66.53% ± 5.09%) and the 100 μmol/L resveratrol group (35.88% ± 4.28%) than in the control group (100%, LSD- t = 21.17, 29.04, P = 0.011, 0.004, respectively) ; the total length of vessel wall-like structures formed by A431 cells significantly differed among the 3 groups ( F = 21.37, P = 0.004), and was significantly lower in the 50 μmol/L resveratrol group (102.73 ± 11.36 μm) and the 100 μmol/L resveratrol group (37.83 ± 4.19 μm) than in the control group (185.26 ± 8.02 μm, both P < 0.05) ; the relative protein expression levels of ubiquitin, SUMO1, HIF-1α, and VEGFR also significantly differed among the 3 groups, the ubiquitin protein expression was significantly higher in the 50 μmol/L resveratrol group (2.09 ± 0.13) and the 100 μmol/L resveratrol group (3.53 ± 0.16) than in the control group (0.68 ± 0.11, both P < 0.05), while the protein expression of SUMO1, HIF-1α, and VEGFR was significantly lower in the 50 μmol/L resveratrol group (1.87 ± 0.13, 0.81 ± 0.06, 0.73 ± 0.09, respectively) and the 100 μmol/L resveratrol group (1.02 ± 0.11, 0.45 ± 0.06, 0.39 ± 0.05, respectively) than in the control group (3.10 ± 0.11, 0.97 ± 0.08, 0.98 ± 0.07, respectively, all P < 0.05). In the mice experiment, the weight of subcutaneous tumors and the proportion of CD31-positive cells in tumor tissues significantly differed among the control group, 1 mg/kg resveratrol group, and 2 mg/kg resveratrol group (weight: 3.29 ± 0.57 g, 2.91 ± 0.49 g, 2.55 ± 0.52 g; proportion: 76.24% ± 5.51%, 39.45% ± 5.48%, 12.07% ± 3.54%; F = 14.33, 15.34, P = 0.019, 0.021, respectively), and were significantly lower in the 1 mg/kg resveratrol group and 2 mg/kg resveratrol group than in the control group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Resveratrol could inhibit tumor growth and neovascularization in tumor tissues, which were possibly associated with the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on neovascularization in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing the SUMOylation of HIF-1α protein via ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like protein modification pathways.

The role of SUMOylation in the protective mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the role of SUMOylation in the process of therapeutic hypothermia on neural stem cells (NSCs) in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Methods:SUMOylation is an essential post-translational modification involving small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs). Primary-cultured NSCs from mice were assigned into four groups: control group, hypoxia group, hypothermia group and hypoxia+hypothermia group. Western Blot was used to detect the protein levels of SUMO2/3, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator factor 1α (PGC-1α) and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4). The diameters of NSCs were compared. ELISA was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence method was used to measure the differentiation of NSCs into neuronal cells.Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of SUMO2/3, HIF-1αand PGC-1α in NSCs of the hypoxia group increased 33%, 126% and 140%, respectively ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of SUMO2/3 and PGC-1α in NSCs of the hypothermia group increased 52% and 536%, respectively ( P<0.05). Compared with the hypoxia group, the levels of SUMO2/3, HIF-1α, PGC-1α and Oct4 in the hypoxia+hypothermia group increased 44%, 40%, 230% and 59%, respectively ( P<0.05). The diameters of NSCs in hypoxia group, hypothermia group and hypoxia+hypothermia group were smaller than control group, and hypoxia+hypothermia group smaller than hypoxia group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in LDH levels between hypothermia group and control group ( P>0.05). LDH level in hypoxia+hypothermia group were significantly lower than hypoxia group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in the cell death rates between hypothermia group and control group ( P>0.05). The cell death rate in hypoxia+hypothermia group was significantly lower than hypoxia group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of Nestin in both hypoxia group and hypothermia group were increased, but neuron specific enolase (NSE) were decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group and hypothermia group, the level of Nestin in hypoxia+hypothermia group was further increased, while NSE was further decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Therapeutic hypothermia may increase the tolerance of NSCs to hypoxia by enhancing SUMO modification of proteins, providing theoretical basis for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with therapeutic hypothermia.

SUMO1 regulates post-infarct cardiac repair based on cellular heterogeneity / 药物分析学报

Small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMOylation)is a dynamic post-translational modification that maintains cardiac function and can protect against a hypertrophic response to cardiac pressure overload.However,the function of SUMOylation after myocardial infarction(MI)and the molecular details of heart cell responses to SUMO1 deficiency have not been determined.In this study,we demonstrated that SUMO1 protein was inconsistently abundant in different cell types and heart regions after MI.However,SUMO1 knockout significantly exacerbated systolic dysfunction and infarct size after myocardial injury.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed the differential role of SUMO1 in regulating heart cells.Among cardiomyocytes,SUMO1 deletion increased the Nppa+Nppb+Ankrd1+cardiomyocyte subcluster pro-portion after MI.In addition,the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts subclusters was inhibited in SUMO1 knockout mice.Importantly,SUMO1 loss promoted proliferation of endothelial cell subsets with the ability to reconstitute neovascularization and expressed angiogenesis-related genes.Computational analysis of ligand/receptor interactions suggested putative pathways that mediate cardiomyocytes to endothelial cell communication in the myocardium.Mice preinjected with cardiomyocyte-specific AAV-SUMO1,but not the endothelial cell-specific form,and exhibited ameliorated cardiac remodeling following MI.Collectively,our results identified the role of SUMO1 in cardiomyocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells after Ml.These findings provide new insights into SUMO1 involvement in the patho-genesis of MI and reveal novel therapeutic targets.

Improved three-dimensional CTA reconstruction of perforator area in the application of anterolateral thigh perforator flap and deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of improved perforator area CTA three-dimensional reconstruction in design and harvest of anterolateral thigh perforator flap(ALTPF) and deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap(DIEPF).Methods:Repairs of defects of oral and maxillofacial tumour resection with ALTPF for 8 patients and defects of breast tumour resection with DIEPF for 2 patients were performed from September 2021 to January 2022 in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery of Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College. According to the improved scanning parameters and drug administration protocol, patients underwent CTA scans of both thighs or abbomen before operation. The data of CTA were sent to GE AW 4.7 work station to produce three-dimensional reconstruction of perforator area and angiosome. The source artery and perforator were observed dynamically from the angiosome in the perforator area, and the specific data were measured. The perforator location was marked by HHD, and then according to the measurement data of CTA three-dimensional reconstruction marked the location, course of perforator and the course of source artery on the body surface. The data of source arteries and perforators explored during the operation were compared with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction. The perforator locations of CTA were compared with the HHD. The harvest time and survival condition of flap were compared with the previous patients who only had the perforator location markers from HHD. The sizes of ALTPFs and DIEPFs were 4.0 cm×4.0 cm-15.0 cm×6.0 cm and 19.0 cm×7.5 cm-25.0 cm×10.0 cm, respectively. The survival of flaps and the healing of wound were observed in the postoperative follow-up in terms of appearance, texture, function of recipient site and the shape and function of the donor site.Results:Eight ALTPFs and 2 DIEPFs all survived without any adverse event. Both recipient and donor sites healed well without any complication. Seven femoral septocutaneous perforators, 2 musculocutaneous perforators and abdominal 3 perforators coursed directly, 2 tortuously perforators were seen from three-dimensional reconstruction. The types and origins of perforators explored during operation were basically consistent with three-dimensional reconstruction. The accuracy of CTA[(0.36±0.11) cm] was higher than HHD[(0.54±0.19) cm] for perforators location( t=-3.160, P<0.05). Compared with the previous group[(74.60±30.53) min], this group[(52.80±24.57) min] had a shorter time to cut out the flap of similar area( t=-9.179, P<0.05). In the previous group, one flap transfer was failed due to the thinner caliber of perforator and source artery. All the flaps survived with satisfactory outline and softness with good blood supply after 2-6 months of follow-up. The oral and maxillofacial functions were normal. The reconstructed breasts were symmetrical with the healthy side, and the shape was satisfactory. Only linear scars remained in the donor sites without dysfunction. Conclusion:The improved CTA three-dimensional reconstruction of perforator area can help to determine the detailed location, course and distribution of the perforators at the superficial fascia layer. It provides a reliable bases in the design and harvest of perforator flaps during operation, reduces the perioperative risks and has certain clinical values.

Control study of the intelligent calculation method and the traditional calculation method in risk assessments of hospitalization / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the accuracy of intelligent calculation (IC) method for risk assessment of hospitalization for patients, aiming to build a more advantageous risk assessment system.Methods:The "Search Engine" program was developed based on hospital information system (HIS) of the Fifth Center Hospital in Tianjin, which automatically captured patient information and generated nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score, Caprini thrombosis risk assessment model and Padua thrombosis risk assessment model for venous thromboembolism (VTE), the CHA 2DS 2-VASc for predicting stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation and the HAS-BLED for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. According to the applicable conditions of each risk assessment, 100 risk scores from "Search Engine" program belonged to each risk assessment were randomly selected, defined as the IC group. Manual scoring with the data of the same case at the same time, defined as the traditional calculation (TC) group, compared the consistency of the scores and the difference in time-consuming between the two groups. Results:The Bland-Altman plots showed that the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of NRS 2002 score, Caprini score, Padua score, CHA 2DS 2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score was -0.46 to 0.41, -0.49 to 0.52, -0.50 to 0.41, -0.67 to 0.60, -0.44 to 0.43, respectively, all P > 0.05. In this study, the Bland-Altman plot showed that 95%, 96%, 97%, 97%, 95% plots fell within the 95% LoA in NRS 2002 score, Caprini score, Padua score, wwCHA 2DS 2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score by the two methods, respectively. The all plots of 95% LoA were within the clinically acceptable range (-0.5 to 0.5 scores). The time-consuming of NRS 2002 score, Caprini score, Padua score, CHA 2DS 2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score in IC group were significantly shorter than those in TC group [0.72 (0.71, 0.73) seconds vs. 361.02 (322.41, 361.02) seconds, 0.72 (0.72, 0.73) seconds vs. 196.68 (179.99, 291.20) seconds, 0.72 (0.72, 0.73) seconds vs. 105.75 (92.32, 114.70) seconds, 0.72 (0.71, 0.72) seconds vs. 72.66 (56.24, 84.20) seconds, 0.72 (0.71, 0.72) seconds vs. 51.30 (38.88, 57.15) seconds, respectively, all P < 0.001]. Conclusion:For the above five risk assessments, the TC method and IC method has good consistency in scores, and the IC method is faster, which has good application prospect for clinical application.

Study of hospitalization risk indicators for intensive care unit patients evaluated by intelligent calculation method / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the characteristics of the changes in risk score for intensive care unit (ICU) patients during hospitalization by the intelligent calculation method, and to provide evidence for the risk prevention.Methods:In this retrospective study, ICU patients of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from November 3, 2021 to March 28, 2022 were enrolled and divided into ≥ 14 days group, 10-13 days group, 7-9 days group, and 3-6 days group according to the ICU length of stay. Risk scores assessed by the intelligent calculation method of the ICU patients were collected, including nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Caprini score and Padua score. NRS 2002 score for all patients, Caprini score for surgical patients and Padua score for internal medicine patients were selected. Trends in change of each score were compared between patients admitted to ICU 1, 3, 7 (if necessary), 10 (if necessary), and 14 days (if necessary).Results:A total of 138 patients were involved, including 79 males and 59 females, with an average age of (61.71±18.86) years and an average hospital stay of [6.00 (4.00, 9.25)] days. ① in the group with ICU length of stay ≥ 14 days (21 cases): there was no significant change in the NRS 2002 scores of the patients within 10 days, but the NRS 2002 score was significantly decreased in 14 days as compared with 1 day [3.00 (2.50, 3.50) vs. 4.00 (3.00, 5.00), P < 0.05]; both Caprini and Padua score were increased with prolonged hospital stay and compared with 1 day, the scores at the other time points were significantly increased, especially at 14 days [Caprini score: 5.00 (3.25, 7.00) vs. 2.50 (1.25, 5.50), Padua score: 6.00 (6.00, 7.00) vs. 3.00 (1.00, 3.00), both P < 0.05].② in the group with ICU length of stay from 10-13 days (15 cases): with the prolonged hospital stay, there was no significant change in NRS 2002 score, but both Caprini and Padua score were increased at 3, 7, 10 days, especially at 10 days [Caprini score: 3.00 (2.00, 4.75) vs. 2.00 (0.25, 2.75), Padua score: 5.00 (3.50, 6.00) vs. 2.00 (0.50, 4.00), both P < 0.05].③ in the group with ICU length of stay from 7-9 days (23 cases): compared with 1 day, the NRS 2002 score at 3 days and7 days were decreased, but the Caprini and Padua score were increased, especially at 7 days [NRS 2002 score: 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) vs. 2.00 (2.00, 4.00), Caprini score: 3.00 (2.00, 5.50) vs. 2.00 (0.25, 3.00), Padua score: 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) vs. 2.00 (0, 2.00), all P < 0.05]. ④ in the group with ICU length of stay from 3-6 days (79 cases): compared with 1 day, the NRS 2002 score at 3 days was decreased [NRS 2002 score: 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) vs. 2.00 (1.00, 3.00), P < 0.05], Caprini and Padua score were significantly increased [Caprini score: 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) vs. 2.00 (1.00, 3.00), Padua score: 5.00 (4.00, 5.00) vs. 2.00 (1.00, 3.00), both P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Based on dynamic assessment of intelligent calculation methods, the risk of thrombosis in ICU patients increased with hospital length of stay, and the nutritional risk was generally flat or reducing in different hospitalization periods.

Hypoxia increases chemotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via inducing CDK6 deSUMOylation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To understand the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma under hypoxic conditions through the perspective of protein SUMOylation modification.@*Methods@#Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to establish the hypoxic model of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cells. Then, the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression level of small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMO) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) proteins were detected by western blotting. MTT assay was used to determine the median lethal dose (IC50) of cancer cells against cisplatin, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level.@*Results@#The cell cycle of CNE1 induced by hypoxia was arrested in G0/G1 phase.The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression level of CDK6 in CNE1 cells was lower than that in the control group (0.83±0.25 vs. 0.43±0.21, t=14.67, P=0.003). The protein level of conjugated SUMO1 was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.69±0.48 vs. 1.38±0.31, t=17.22, P=0.001), while the level of free SUMO1 protein was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.01±0.43 vs. 2.60±0.59, t=15.45, P=0.002).The LC50 of CNE1 cells in the control group was significantly lower than that in the hypoxic group (29.44 μg/ml vs. 97.72 μg/ml, t=12.79, P=0.001). After CNE1 cells received 50 μg/ml cisplatin for 48 h, the LDH content in the supernatant of the control group was significantly higher than that in the hypoxic group ((541.49±64.59) ng/ml vs. (234.67±41.03) ng/ml, t=11.94, P=0.007)). The apoptosis rate of CNE1 cells in the control group was significantly higher than that in the hypoxic group ((76.64±5.37)% vs. (32.84±4.77) ng/ml, t=8.49, P=0.003)).@*Conclusion@#Hypoxia can dissociate the covalent modification of CDK6 and SUMO1, inhibit cell cycle and increase the chemotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Role of spinal Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in hydrogen-induced reduction of inflammatory pain in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in hydrogen-induced reduction of inflammatory pain in rats.Methods Sixty-four SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),inflammatory pain plus hydrogen-rich saline group (group IP+H2) and inflammatory pain plus hydrogen-rich saline plus Nrf2 inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) group (group IP+H2+ATRA).Chronic inflammatory pain was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 100 μl into the plantar surface of the left hind paw in IP group and IP+H2 group.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.Hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7consecutive days starting from 1 day after injecting CFA in group IP+H2 and group IP+H2+ATRA,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in the other groups.ATRA 7 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 2 consecutive days starting from 2 days before injecting CFA.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before establishing the model (T0) and 1,3 and 7 days after establishing the model (T1-3).Six rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain threshold on day 7 after establishing the model,and the L4-6 lumbar segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at T1-3,and the expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and GFAP was up-regulated in IP and IP+H2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group IP,the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at T1-3,the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated,and the expression of GFAP was down-regulated in group IP+H2 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group IP+H2+ATRA (P＞0.05).Compared with group IP+H2,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at T1-3,the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was down-regulated,and the expression of GFAP was up-regulated in group IP+H2+ATRA (P＜0.05).Conclusion Activation of spinal Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is involved in hydrogen-induced reduction of infflammatory pain in rats.

The effects of targeted inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway on proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To observe Hedgehog signaling pathways of liver cancer cell growth and the influence of the metastatic potential targeted inhibit Hedgehog.Methods Construction of Smo shRNA plasmid,The stable and low-expressed Smo-expressing HCC QGY-7701 cell line was screened after lipofection.The stable and low-expressed Smo-expressing HCC QGY-7701 cell line was screened,The cell cycle,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis of QGY-7701 cells were detected by Western blot,flow cytometry,CCK8 and transwell assay.Subcutaneous implantation of hepatocarcinoma cells in nude mice.Study on the growth and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells with low expression of Smo in.The ultrastructural changes of hepatoma cells with low expression of Smo were observed under electron microscope.Results RT-PCR and Western blot showed stable shR-Smo cell line was successfully constructed.Cell cycle test showed that compared with the control group,G0/G1 cells increased in shR-Smo,cells in S phase decreased;apoptosis,CCK8 and Transwell tests showed that Smo-gene silencing could significantly increase the apoptosis percentage of the hepatic cancer cells to (5.46％ ± 1.46％),proliferation activity decreasedand and the migration rates reduced to (7.82％ ±2.14)％;nude mice model showed that Smo-gene silencing could inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo,electron microscopy revealed that lysosomes increased significantly in Smo-gene silence cells.Conclusions Blocking Hh signaling pathways,liver cancer cells in vitro malignant degree of decline.Hedgehog in treating liver cancer have hidden meaning.

Systemic pathologic physiology parameters changes in sheep drowning: a control study in freshwater and seawater / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To compare the systemic pathologic physiology parameter changes in sheep drowning in freshwater and seawater. Methods The experimental animals were healthy crossbred sheep. According to the envelope method, 24 sheep were randomly divided into two groups, with 12 animals in each group. The animals in both groups were subjected to mechanical ventilation and analgesia and sedation, the drowning models were reproduced by injecting 10-25 mL/kg of seawater or freshwater into the endotracheal tube of animals. The changes in hemodynamics before drowning, immediately after drowning (immediately after water injection) and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after drowning in both groups were recorded. The urine color changes after drowning and occurrence time were recorded. The animals were sacrificed at 120 minutes after drowning, and heart, kidney, liver, spleen and intestine were harvested for pathological observation under light microscope using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Results ① The changes in systemic hemodynamic: there was no significant difference in hemodynamics before drowning between the two groups.Compared with before drowning, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular maximum systolic force index (dPmax), and pulmonary wedge pressure (PAWP) immediately after drowning in both seawater and freshwater groups were significantly increased, which showed a decrease tendency with drowning time prolongation. Compared with drowning immediately, dPmax at 30 minutes after freshwater drowning was significantly decreased (mmHg/s: 919.83±14.51 vs. 2 628.42±59.75, P < 0.01), which was below the level before drowning till 120 minutes. CO at 30 minutes after freshwater drowning was retreated as compared with drowning immediately, but it was still higher than that before drowning (L/min: 8.25±0.66 vs. 5.75±0.73, P < 0.01). Global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) and PAWP at 120 minutes after freshwater drowning were decreased to the level before drowning [GEDV (mL): 642.92±7.29 vs. 638.25±7.00, PAWP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 5.83±1.19 vs. 5.42±1.08, both P > 0.05]. Compared with immediately after drowning, MAP, CO and PAWP at 30 minutes after seawater drowning were significantly lowered [MAP (mmHg): 90.50±3.58 vs. 159.42±3.18, CO (L/min): 2.37±0.45 vs. 10.33±0.73, PAWP (mmHg): 4.17±0.72 vs. 11.75±1.82, all P < 0.01], which were lower than those before drowning till 120 minutes. After drowning for 30 minutes, MAP, CO and PAWP in seawater group were significantly lower than those in freshwater group [MAP (mmHg): 90.50±3.58 vs. 117.42±1.78, CO (L/min): 2.37±0.45 vs. 8.25±0.66, PAWP (mmHg): 4.17±0.72 vs. 24.83±1.27], dPmax was significantly increased (mmHg/s: 1 251.42±62.50 vs. 919.83±14.51, all P < 0.01), and the tendency continued till 120 minutes. There was no significant difference in HR at all the time points between the two groups. ② The changes in urine: after freshwater drowning, the animals had hemoglobinuria and lasted until the end of the experiment, and the time of hemoglobinuria occurrence was at 20-35 minutes after drowning with an average of (25.30±5.15) minutes. After seawater drowning, the change in urine was not found until the end of the experiment.③ The variations of each organ tissue in pathology and hematology at 120 minutes after drowning: after freshwater drowning, the systemic tissue edema was found in organs such as heart, kidney, liver, spleen, and small intestine. After seawater drowning, there were different degrees of edema in the systemic organs, and some of them shrank. Conclusions After freshwater drowning, the animals showed decreased dPmax, increased CO and blood volume, edema and hemolysis of the tissue cells. After seawater drowning, CO and blood volume decreased, and some tissue cells were in atrophy.

The effect of autophagy on hyperalgesia and astrocytic activation in rats with inflammatory pain / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence of autophagy on pain behavioristics and astrocytic activation in rats with inflammatory pain.Methods Seventy-eight clean male Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 12), model group (n = 42), autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rap) pretreatment group (n = 12) and autophagy inhibitor 3 methyladenine (3-MA) pretreatment group (n = 12). The inflammatory pain rat model was reproduced by subcutaneous injection of freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) 100μL at foot sole, whilein control group, the same volume 0.9% normal saline 100μL was injected at the same site. One hour before modeling, Rap 10 mg/kg and 3-MA 15 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected in rats in Rap and 3-MA pretreatment groups respectively, and the same volume of 0.9% normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in rats of control and model groups. Before modeling and 6, 12, 24 hours and 3 days after modeling, the L4-L6 spinal cord tissue was harvested from 6 rats in model group, and autophagy protein membrane microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ) and autophagy related gene Beclin-1 expressions were detected by Western Blot in the tissue; the changes of pain behavioral indexes mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL,n = 6), were observed at6, 12, 24 hours and 3 days, 7 days after modeling in the 6 rats taken from each group; in another 6 rats in each group, 24 hours after modeling, L4-L6 spinal cord tissue was collected, immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the changes of astrocytes and the positive expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) under a confocal microscopy, and the protein expression quantity of GFAP was detected by Western Blot in the tissue.Results ① The inflammatory pain could induce the increase of rat autophagy protein LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 expressions in spinal cord tissue, reaching their peaks at 24 hours (A value: 0.59±0.07, 0.51±0.06, respectively), and then they were gradually decreased. ② With the prolongation of time, in the model group MWT was gradually decreased, TWL was gradually shortened, they reached their valley values at 24 hours after modeling [MWT (g): 17.8±1.9, TWL (s): 6.8±0.4], and from 12 hours they were significantly decreased compared with those in control group [12hours MWT (g): 21.5±2.4 vs. 43.4±5.1, TWL (s): 12.0±1.1 vs. 17.6±1.2, bothP < 0.05], after modeling for 3 days they were increased; Compared with model group, 12 hours after autophagy inducer Rap was given, MWT was significantly increased (g: 36.8±4.9 vs. 21.5±2.4,P < 0.05), TWL was significantly prolonged (s: 14.3±1.1 vs. 12.0±1.1,P < 0.05); from 12 hours after autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was given, MWT was further reduced (g: 18.6±1.9 vs. 21.5±2.4, P<0.05), TWL was further shortened (s: 8.4±0.6 vs. 12.0±1.1,P < 0.05). ③ Confocal microscopic findings showed, there was no significant acstrocytic change, and only litter GFAP expression was seen in control group. In model group, the inflammatory pain induced astrocyte activation, manifesting glial cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia, gelatinousnetwork deformation, and GFAP expression was obviously increased compared with that in the control group (A value: 0.54±0.09 vs. 0.16±0.02,P < 0.05). Since autophagy inducer Rap can decrease astrocyte activation and inhibit GFAP expression, there was statistical significant difference between Rap pretreatment and model groups (A value: 0.33±0.06 vs.0.54±0.09,P < 0.05); autophagy inhibitor 3-MA can further aggravate astrocytes activation and up-regulate GFAP expression in 3-MA pretreatment group (A value: 0.73±0.08 vs. 0.54±0.09,P < 0.05).Conclusion Autophagy participates in the process of astrocytic activation and pain behavioristics in rats with inflammatory pain.

DeSUMOylation of protein kinase B1 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of AKT1 deSUMOylation induced by Ubc9 silencing on the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.@*Methods@#The Ubc9 gene was silenced using RNA interference, and the expression levels of Ubc9, SUMO1 and AKT1 protein were detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation and cell cycle was analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect the cell migration ability. Furthermore, the xenograft model was established, and tumor growth curves were drawn. The in situ apoptotic rates was measured using TUNEL Apoptosis Assay. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.@*Results@#Knockdown of Ubc9 gene significantly decreased the protein expression levels of Ubc9, conjugated SUMO1, free SUMO1 and AKT1 in HCC cells (P<0.05 for all). In control, siR-neg and siR-Ubc9 groups, the cell proliferation indexes were 53.19%, 54.25% and 39.17%, respectively. Moreover, cell migration distance and migrating cells per low power field for all these three groups were (59.47±4.66) μm and 89.44±8.36, (56.56±5.37) μm and 93.84±8.79, as well as (34.57±6.61) μm and 41.67±5.39, respectively. In the xenograft model, the weights of subcutaneous tumors for these three groups were (3.78±0.69) g, (3.72±0.72) g and (2.09±0.61) g, respectively. The corresponding apoptotic cell rates were (7.79±2.21)%, (6.45±2.48)% and (33.59±5.44)%, respectively. The expression levels of PCNA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein were significantly decreased in siR-Ubc9 group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Ubc9 silencing in HCC cells induces AKT1 deSUMOylation, and then inhibits the proliferation and metastasis. These results provide a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer in the future.

The regulatory effect of HO-1/CO pathway on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of incisional pain / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effects of HO/CO pathway on inflammation cytokines in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Thirty-six rats were executed to collect ipsilateral spinal cord tissues for HO-1 detection by Western blot assay, and cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and high mobility group box (HMGB)1 were detected by ELISA before and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after establishing incisional pain model. Additionally, 36 rats without establishment of incisional pain model were used as control group. A total of 144 model rats of incisional pain were divided into incisional pain (IP) group, IP+hemin group (100 mg/kg hemin was injected by i.p. before operation), IP+Znpp-IX group (45μmoL/kg Znpp-IX was injected by i.p. before operation) and IP+CORM-2 group (10 mg/kg CORM-2 was injected by i.p. before operation). Values of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were detected, and expressions of TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were measured by ELISA before and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation. Results Compared with pre-operation of incisional pain in rats, expression levels of HO-1 protein and cytokines TNF-a, IL-1 b, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation (P PWTL were decreased and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased in IP+Znpp-IX group (P<0.05). Conclusion Incisional pain can increase the expression of HO-1, and HO-1/CO pathway exists the regulatory effect on inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of incisional pain.

Enhancement of B-cell translocation gene-2 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells by increasing the expression level of B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of BTG2 protein in the normal intestinal epithelial HIEC cells and three colon cancer cell lines SW620, HT-29 and LS174T. The expression of BTG2 protein in normal colonic epithelial tissue, colon adenoma and colon cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The plasmid with BTG2 gene full-length sequence was transfected into colon cancer SW620 cells, and the expression of BTG2 protein was detected by Western blot. The cell growth curve was drawn by MTT test. The Ki-67-positive rate was calculated using immunofluorescence staining. The cell migration of colon cancer cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell double chamber culture system, and the pseudopodia growth of tumor cells was detected by Matrigel 3D culture system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot results showed that BTG2 relative expression levels were 0.83 ± 0.12, 0.18 ± 0.04, 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.07 in normal human intestinal epithelial cells HIEC, and human colon cancer cell line SW620, HT-29 and LS174T, respectively. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression of BTG2 protein in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma tissues were 82.5% (33/40), 77.5%(31/40) and 17.5% (7/40), respectively, with a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that the positive rate of Ki-67 in the control group, empty vector group and BTG2 transfection group was (76.2 ± 8.0)%, (81.4 ± 9.7)% and (50.1 ± 7.1)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The scratch test results showed that in the control group, empty vector group and BTG2 transfection group, the distance of SW620 cells between two sides was (79.27 ± 11.24) µm, (80.65 ± 12.17) µm and (124.77 ± 19.63) µm, respectively, with a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Transwell results showed that in the control group, empty plasmid group and BTG2 transfection group, the SW620 cell migration rate was (78.5 ± 13.1)%, (73.2 ± 12.9)% and (47.4 ± 9.1)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The number of neurospheres of BTG2 transfection group was decreased SW620, which had poor ductility.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BTG2 gene is involved in colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, and effectively restores the function of BTG2 protein. Therefore, it may be expected to become a new option in gene therapy for colon cancer.</p>

miR -125a -5P regulated epidermal growth factor receptor signal pathway by targeting growth factor recep-tor-bound protein 10 in medulloblastoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the regulation mechanism for miR - 125a - 5P in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling pathway in medulloblastoma. Methods The potential targets of miR - 125a - 5P in the EGFR signaling pathway were predicted by TargetScan and Sanger software,there were 3 groups:control group,non -sense group and miR - 125a - 5P group. Their relationship,between miR - 125a - 5P and cyclin - dependent kinase in-hibitor 2B( CDKN2B),E2F transcription factor 3( E2F3),mitogen - activated protein kinase 14( MAPK14)and growth factor receptor - bound protein 10(GRB10),were tested by luciferase experiments. After miR - 125a - 5P oligo-nucleotide was transfected to D341 cells,miR - 125a - 5P level was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Then the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay was used to draw the cell growth curves,and Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration ability. The expression levels of GRB10,EGFR,phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase(PI3K) and Ras were tested by Western blot method. Results The results of luciferase experimental results showed that GRB10 was the only target gene of miR - 125a - 5P. After miR - 125a - 5P being transfected,the D341 cell prolifera-tion obviously declined markedly. Compared with control group[(38. 16 ± 7. 47)% ]and the non - sense group [(36. 79 ± 8. 94)% ],cell migration rate in the miR - 125a - 5P group was lowest[(13. 59 ± 4. 41)% ],and there was a significant difference among 3 groups(χ2 = 11. 495,P < 0. 05);in the miR - 125a - 5P group,the expression level of EGFR increased 1. 67 times,GRB10,PI3K and Ras levels were reduced to 23% ,61% and 42% . Conclusion miR - 125a - 5P can inhibit tumor growth by silenced GRB10 expression targeting EGFR downstream signaling pathways in medulloblastoma.

Functional Roles of 1,25(OH)2D3 in Osteogenic Differentiation of the Dental Papilla Stem Cells / 天津医药

Objective To study the functional roles of 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteogenic differentiation of the dental papilla stem cells. Methods The dental papilla stem cells were isolated and cultured in medium supplemented with different con-centrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1, 10 and 100 nmol/L). MTT assay was used to detect the cell growth, and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle. Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). After siRNA silencing VDR expression, protein levels of RANKL and OPG were detected. Results MTT and flow cytometry results showed that there were no sig-nificant differences in the cell proliferation between different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1, 10 and 100 nmol/L) and con-trol groups (P>0.05). Western blot results showed that there were protein expressions of VDR, RANKL and OPG in control group. The protein expressions of VDR, RANKL and OPG were increased after adding 1,25(OH)2D3, in which the upward trend was the most significant in VDR. After VDR expression was silenced by siRNA, the protein expression levels of VDR, RANKL and OPG were decreased. Conclusion 1,25(OH) 2D3 affects the osteoblast differentiation process of the dental pa-pilla stem cells by adjusting the VDR expression.