[Research progress on potential targets-mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins in treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. At present, the treatment of AMI is mainly to restore the cardiac blood supply through myocardial reperfusion. With the widespread use of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), myocardial reperfusion injury is a major clinical problem. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathological basis for myocardial ischemic injury. Therefore, mitochondria can be used as an important target against myocardial damage. In this article, we would briefly review the physiological functions of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins as well as their pathological mechanisms and pharmacological interventions in treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Efficacy and safety of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis of Traditional Chinese Medicine for managing renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for managing renal fibrosis (RF) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from eight databases. RESULTS: Sixteen eligible studies with 1,356 participants were included in this study. Compared to treatment with Western Medicine (WM) alone, the combined treatment with activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis in terms of TCM (ARTCM) and WM to manage RF in patients with CKD significantly ameliorated type Ⅳ collagen (CⅣ) (: 2.17, 95% : 3.01 to 1.34), type Ⅲ procollagen (PCⅢ) (: 1.08, 95% : 1.64 to 0.53), laminin (LN) (: 1.28, 95% : 1.65 to 0.90), transforming growth factor ß 1 (TGFß1) (: 0.65, 95% : 1.18 to 0.12), serum creatinine (Scr) (: 1.36, 95% : 1.85 to 0.87), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (: 1.51, 95% : 2.59 to 0.43), and 24 h urine protein (24hUpro) (: 1.23; 95% : 1.96 to 0.50). The level of hyaluronic acid (HA) was similar in both types of treatment (: 0.74, 95% : 1.91 to 0.44). The subgroup analysis showed that the duration of 8 weeks might affect the concentration of C-Ⅳ, PC-Ⅲ, and LN (<0.05). The effectiveness of the longer duration to C-Ⅳ, PC-Ⅲ, and LN was not certain. However, the result should be interpreted in care. The safety of the treatment using ARTCM and WM could not be evaluated because a few studies had reported adverse effects. The results of the Metaanalysis were not stable enough. There was publication bias for the reports on Scr ( 0.001), C-Ⅳ ( 0.001), PC-Ⅲ ( 0.026), and LN ( 0.030) and no publication bias for the reports on BUN ( 0.293). The quality of evidence varied from low to very low. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment using ARTCM and WM to manage RF in patients with CKD has some advantages over treatment with WM alone. Highquality RCTs need to be conducted for the strong support.

4-PBA inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve autophagic flux in the treatment of protamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced interstitial cystitis in rats.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) has severe clinical symptoms with unclear mechanism. The continuous inflammatory response of the bladder is the basis of its pathogenesis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the regulation and development of various inflammatory diseases. And autophagy plays an important role in IC. In this study, we mainly focus on the therapeutic effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy on protamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced interstitial cystitis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three experimental groups as follows: sham controls(N), IC alone, and IC+4-PBA.Rats in group IC received 10 mg/ml PS in the urinary bladder, followed by 2 mg/ml LPS instillation after 30 min, IC+4-PBA group SD rats received 4-PBA solution administered intragastrically once a day for 5 days. ERS biomarker (GRP78), autophagy-related proteins (LC3I/II, and Beclin1), autophagic flux biomarker (P62), inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-a, NF-κB), apoptotic biomarkers (Caspase 3, Bax) were highest in the IC group compared to IC+4-PBA group and N group and the biomarkers expression in IC+4-PBA group were lower than in the IC group, anti-apoptotic biomarker (Bcl-2) was highest in the N group compared to the IC group and IC+4-PBA group and lower in the IC group than in the IC+4-PBA group, oxidative stress biomarkers (HO-1, NQO-1) were remarkably lower in the control group than in the IC and IC+4-PBA groups and notably lower in the IC group than in the IC+4-PBA group. The histological score and mast cell count demonstrated most severe in the IC group than those in the IC+4-PBA group. TUNEL assay examined the level of apoptosis in IC group was higher than in the IC+4-PBA group. The bladder micturition function was significantly improved with 4-PBA treatment. 4-PBA inhibits ERS to recover autophagic flux, and then to suppress the bladder oxidative stress, the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis, finally improve the bladder urinary function in Protamine/Lipopolysaccharide (PS/LPS) induced IC.

Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation in cattle on the anti-oxidative capacity and meat quality of beef steaks under high­oxygen packaging.

The effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation on beef quality and antioxidant capacity under high­oxygen packaging were studied. Twelve cattle were selected and fed a total mixed ration (Control, CON) or supplemented with resveratrol (5 g/cattle/day, RES) for 120 days. The antioxidant capacity and meat quality of beef under high­oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (HiOx-MAP, 80%O2/20%CO2) and overwrap packaging (OW) were evaluated during storage. Compared to the CON, RES enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity in serum and muscle, and increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes (P < 0.05), which decreased the lipid and protein oxidation of steaks during storage (P < 0.05). The RES resulted in a* values increasing throughout storage (P < 0.05) and lower MetMb% than CON steaks (P < 0.05) in HiOx-MAP. The water-holding capacity (WHC) was improved and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was reduced (P < 0.05) in RES steaks during storage. Thus dietary resveratrol increased beef antioxidant capacity under HiOx-MAP and improved meat quality, and can be used as a potential method to elevate beef quality and reduce the oxidation under HiOx-MAP.

Inhibitory Effect of Two Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers, Berberine and Matrine, on the Quorum Sensing System of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli.

The quorum sensing (QS) system controls bacterial biofilm formation, which is highly related to the virulence and resistance of pathogens. In the present study, the effect of two traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers, berberine and matrine, on biofilm formation and QS-related gene expression of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli strains was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) observation and real-time PCR. The results indicated a roughly positive relationship between biofilm formation ability and antimicrobial resistance. LSCM observation showed that berberine and matrine inhibited biofilm formation of AMR E. coli strains at 1/2 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) (1/2 MIC berberine at OD630: 0.1020; 1/2 MIC matrine: OD630: 0.1045); furthermore, abnormal cell morphology such as rounded and elongated cells was also observed. This finding was consistent with the downregulation of QS-related genes: luxS, pfS, sdiA, hflX, motA, and fliA. At 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC concentrations of berberine, a significant downregulation of luxS, pfS, hflX, ftsQ, and ftsE was observed. The results indicate that berberine and matrine can inhibit biofilm formation by inhibiting the QS system and that berberine is more effective than matrine.

Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel "stealth" polymeric gene vector.

We report on the synthesis of a novel gene carrier that has low interaction with serum components, as well as low cytotoxicity. Cationic copolymers composing branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) grafted with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) or small-molecule oleoyl were synthesized and evaluated as novel gene carriers in this study. The copolymers were complexed with plasmid DNA and the resulting polyplexes were approximately 140nm in diameter and had a positive surface potential (zeta=+13.8mV) at the N/P ratio of 10/1. The experiments showed that copolymers with the oleoyl moiety were superior to the other two copolymers (with PLLA), in terms of in vitro gene transfection efficiency. Safety studies using MTT assay indicated much lower cytotoxicity of the oleoyl polyplexes than the pDNA/PEI complexes. The intracellular behavior of the polyplexes was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and it was found that the polyplexes were internalized into HeLa cells very effectively. At the same time, the plasmid DNA carried by the oleoyl-containing copolymers was found to localize in the nucleus of the recipient cells. One experiment comparing serum-free and serum-containing media indicated that the oleoyl polyplexes may be able to evade the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) better than the PEI-pDNA complex.

Modified Primal-Dual Neural Networks for Motion Control of Redundant Manipulators With Dynamic Rejection of Harmonic Noises.

In recent decades, primal-dual neural networks, as a special type of recurrent neural networks, have received great success in real-time manipulator control. However, noises are usually ignored when neural controllers are designed based on them, and thus, they may fail to perform well in the presence of intensive noises. Harmonic noises widely exist in real applications and can severely affect the control accuracy. This work proposes a novel primal-dual neural network design that directly takes noise control into account. By taking advantage of the fact that the unknown amplitude and phase information of a harmonic signal can be eliminated from its dynamics, our deliberately designed neural controller is able to reach the accurate tracking of reference trajectories in a noisy environment. Theoretical analysis and extensive simulations show that the proposed controller stabilizes the control system polluted by harmonic noises and converges the position tracking error to zero. Comparisons show that our proposed solution consistently and significantly outperforms the existing primal-dual neural solutions as well as feedforward neural one and adaptive neural one for redundancy resolution of manipulators.

Retrospective analysis of associated factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage in the caesarean section of different types of placenta previa / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze associated factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes of postpartum hemorrhage in the caesarean section of puerperae with different types of placenta previa. Methods: This retrospective research was a case-control study. Puerperae with cesarean section of placenta previa from January 2019 to December 2020 in Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were collected and divided into the<1 000 ml control group or ≥1 000 ml postpartum hemorrhage group according to the amount of blood loss during cesarean section. Differences in continuous variables were analyzed by t-test and categorical variables were analyzed by χ2 test. The risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression. Results: A total of 962 puerperae were enrolled with 773 cases in the control group and 189 cases in the postpartum hemorrhage group. The incidence of gestational weeks, gravidity, parity, induced abortion, placental accreta and preoperative hemoglobin<110 g/L was significantly different between two groups in different types of placenta previa (P<0.001). Logistic multivariate regression model analysis showed that the independent risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage in the caesarean section of low-lying placenta included placental accreta (OR=12.713, 95%CI: 4.296-37.625), preoperative hemoglobin<110 g/L (OR=2.377, 95%CI: 1.062-5.321), and prenatal vaginal bleeding (OR=4.244, 95%CI: 1.865-9.656). The independent risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage in the caesarean section of placenta previa included once induced abortion (OR=2.789, 95%CI:1.189-6.544), induced abortion≥2 (OR=2.843, 95%CI:1.101-7.339), placental accreta (OR=6.079, 95%CI:3.697-9.996), HBsAg positive (OR=3.891, 95%CI:1.385-10.929), and placental attachment to the anterior uterine wall (OR=2.307, 95%CI:1.285-4.142). The rate of postpartum hemorrhage and premature delivery in puerperae with placenta previa was higher than that in puerperae with low-lying placenta (P<0.001). Conclusions: The associated factors of postpartum hemorrhage in puerperae with different types of placenta previa are different. Placenta accreta is the common risk factor of postpartum hemorrhage in puerperae with low-lying placenta and placenta previa.

Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors and perform the prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） based on artificial intelligence. Methods:The data of 75 patients with CRS who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery from October 2021 to February 2023 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. There were 53 males and 22 females enrolled in the study, with a median age of 42.0 years old. The CRS intelligent microscope interpretation system was used to calculate the proportion of area glands and blood vessels occupy in the pathological sections of each patient, and the absolute value and proportion of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. The patients were grouped according to the results of the Sniffin' Sticks smell test, and the clinical baseline data, differences in nasal mucosal histopathological characteristics, laboratory test indicators and sinus CT were compared between the groups. Determine the independent influencing factors of olfactory disorders and receiver operating characteristic curves（ROC） were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results:Among the 75 CRS patients, 25 cases（33.3%） had normal olfaction and 50 cases（66.7%） had olfactory disorders. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tissue eosinophils percentage（OR=1.032, 95%CI 1.002-1.064, P=0.036）, Questionnaire of olfactory disorders-Negative statement（QOD-NS）（OR=1.079, 95%CI 1.004-1.160, P=0.040） and Anterior olfactory cleft score（AOCS）（OR=2.672, 95%CI 1.480-4.827, P=0.001） were independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients. Further research found that the area under the ROC curve（AUC） of the combined prediction model established by the tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS was 0.836（95%CI 0.748-0.924, P<0.001）, which is better than the above single factor prediction model in predicting olfactory disorders in CRS. Conclusion:Based on pathological artificial intelligence, tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS are independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients, and the combination of the three factors has a good predictive effect on CRS olfactory disorders.

Rapid prediction of G protein-coupled receptor structures using nanoluciferase assay / 药学学报

Using beta-2 adrenergic receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine and angiotensin II type 1 receptor as control, we here established a method for rapid prediction of the initial position amino acids of N-terminal, C-terminal, intracellular loops, extracellular loops and transmembrane (TM) regions in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and successfully predicted the structure of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X3 (MRGPRX3). To achieve this purpose, nanoluciferase (Nluc) was inserted into the different sites of these GPCRs′ sequence by sequence and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC) method, and the luminescence value were measured to distinguish the different parts of GPCRs. The results showed that luminescence values of NLuc luciferase at TM region were less than 100 000, and the values were higher than 1 000 000 at N terminal, C terminal, or extracellular loops and intracellular loops, and the values were between 100 000 and 500 000 at junction. The predicted MRGPRX3 structure was analyzed in detail and was compared with AlphaFold predicted structure. In conclusion, this method could provide useful information of GPCR structure model for the ligand virtual screening, and could provide certain experimental basis for structural pharmacology.

Effect of Flavanomarein from Coreopsis tinctoria Ethanol Extract in Small Intestinal Organoids in Insulin-resistant Mice Based on Transcriptome Sequencing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of flavanomarein on the transcriptome of small intestinal organoids in insulin-resistant mice. MethodFirstly， small intestinal organoids of C57BL/6J and db/db mice were established. Ki-67 and E-cadherin expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Small intestinal organoids were divided into the following three groups： C57BL/6J mouse small intestinal organoids as the normal control group， db/db mouse small intestinal organoids as the model group （IR group）， and db/db mouse small intestinal organoids treated with flavanomarein as the administration group （FM group）. Western blot was used to detect the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） protein on the small intestinal organoids of the three groups. Finally， transcriptome sequencing was performed on samples from the three groups. ResultOn the 6th day of small intestine organoids culture， a cyclic structure was formed around the lumen， and a small intestine organoids culture model was preliminarily established. Immunofluorescence detection showed that ki-67 and E-cadherin were expressed in small intestinal organoids. Western blot results showed that the expression of GLP-1 protein was increased by flavanomarein. In the results of differential expressed gene （DEG） screening， there were 1 862 DEGs in the IR group as compared with the normal control group， and 2 282 DEGs in the FM group as compared with the IR group. Through protein-protein interaction（PPI） network analysis of the DEGs of the two groups， 10 Hub genes， including Nr1i3， Cyp2c44， Ugt2b1， Gsta1， Gstm2， Ptgs1， Gstm4， Cyp2c38， Cyp4a32， and Gpx3， were obtained. These genes were highly expressed in the normal control group， and their expression was reduced in the IR group. After the intervention of flavanomarein， the expression of the above genes was reversed. ConclusionFlavanomarein may play its role in improving insulin resistance by reversing the expression levels of 10 Hub genes， including Nr1i3， Cyp2c44， Ugt2b1， Gsta1， Gstm2， Ptgs1， Gstm4， Cyp2c38， Cyp4a32， and Gpx3.

Effects of virtual reality in phase I cardiac rehabilitation training for elderly coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention / 生理学报

The study aimed to examine the effects of virtual reality (VR) technology-based phase I cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in elderly coronary heart disease (CHD) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thirty-six cases of elderly CHD patients who underwent PCI in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2022 to April 2023 were recruited by convenience sampling method. The patients were randomly assigned by means of random digital table method to two study groups: control group (n = 18), which received conventional nursing intervention after PCI, and experimental group (n = 18), which received a combined program of conventional nursing intervention together with CR program based on VR technology. The 6 min walk test (6MWT), Simple Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), SF-36 scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were tested before and after rehabilitation. Moreover, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was recorded at 3 months after PCI. After VR-based CR, the 6MWT distance and SPPB scores of patients in the experimental group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The HADS scores and IES-R scores of the patients in the experimental group were lower than those in control group (P < 0.01), and the difference in SF-36 scale scores was not statistically significant between two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of MACE was not significantly different at 3 months after PCI (P > 0.05). These results suggest that VR-based phase I CR program mitigates the degree of PCI postoperative stress, anxiety, and depression in elderly CHD patients, however, enhances the resistance to fatigue and does not increase the risk of adverse cardiac events, suggesting it is a safe intervention.

[Evolution and evaluation of schistosomiasis prevention and control institutions in China].

Schistosomiasis is one of a few endemic and infectious diseases, which are controlled by the specific prevention and control institutions in China. Through the review of historical data, this paper describes the construction, continuation and changes of schistosomiasis prevention and control institutions in different historical periods and systems, and analyzes and evaluates its historical function, contribution and status.

Research progress in targeting autophagy of traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds to regulate atherosclerosis / 中国中药杂志

Atherosclerosis(AS) is the common pathological basis of many ischemic cardiovascular diseases, and its formation process involves various aspects such as vascular endothelial injury and platelet activation. Vascular endothelial injury is the initiating factor of AS plaque. Monocytes are recruited to differentiate into macrophages at the damaged endothelial cells, which absorb oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) and slowly transform into foam cells. Smooth muscle cells(SMCs) proliferate and migrate continuously. As the only cell producing interstitial collagen fibers in the fibrous cap, SMCs largely determine whether the plaque ruptured or not. The amplifying inflammatory response during the formation of AS recruits platelets to adhere to the damaged area of vascular endothelium and stimulates excessive platelet aggregation. Autophagy activity is associated with vascular lesions and abnormal platelet activation, and excessive autophagy is considered to be a negative factor for plaque stability. Therefore, precise regulation of different types of vascular autophagy and platelet autophagy to treat AS may provide a new therapeutic perspective for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic ischemic cardiovascular disease. Currently, treatment strategies for AS still focus on lowering lipid levels with high-intensity statins, which often cause significant side effects. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective drugs and treatment modes is the focus of current research. Traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds have the potential to treat AS by targeted autophagy, and have been playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. This paper summarizes the experimental studies on different vascular cell types and platelet autophagy in AS, and sums up the published research results on targeted autophagy of traditional Chinese medicine and natural plant compounds to regulate AS, providing new ideas for further research.

Efficacy of partial nephrectomy in patients with localized renal carcinoma: a 20-year experience of 2 046 patients in a single center / 中华外科杂志

Objectives: To analyze the long-term survival of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma after partical nephrectomy. Methods: The clinicopathological records and survival follow-up data of 2 046 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, who were treated with partial nephrectomy from August 2001 to February 2021 in the Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 1 402 males and 644 females, aged (M(IQR)) 51 (19) years (range: 6 to 86 years). The primary end point of this study was cancer-specific survival. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference test was performed by Log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were fitted to determine factors associated with cancer-specific survival. Results: The follow-up time was 49.2 (48.0) months (range: 1 to 229 months), with 1 974 patients surviving and 72 dying. The median cancer-specific survival time has not yet been reached. The 5- and 10-year cancer specific survival rates were 97.0% and 91.2%, respectively. The 10-year cancer-specific survival rates for stage pT1a (n=1 447), pT1b (n=523) and pT2 (n=58) were 95.3%, 81.8%, and 81.7%, respectively. The 10-year cancer-specific survival rates of patients with nuclear grade 1 (n=226), 2 (n=1 244) and 3 to 4 (n=278) were 96.6%, 89.4%, and 85.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences in 5-year cancer-specific survival rates among patients underwent open, laparoscopic, or robotic surgery (96.7% vs. 97.1% vs. 97.5%, P=0.600). Multivariate analysis showed that age≥50 years (HR=3.93, 95%CI: 1.82 to 8.47, P<0.01), T stage (T1b vs. T1a: HR=3.31, 95%CI: 1.83 to 5.99, P<0.01; T2+T3 vs. T1a: HR=2.88, 95%CI: 1.00 to 8.28, P=0.049) and nuclear grade (G3 to 4 vs. G1: HR=2.81, 95%CI: 1.01 to 7.82, P=0.048) were independent prognostic factors of localized renal cell carcinoma after partial nephrectomy. Conclusions: The long-term cancer-specific survival rates of patients with localized renal cancer after partial nephrectomy are satisfactory. The type of operation (open, laparoscopic, or robotic) has no significant effect on survival. However, patients with older age, higher nuclear grade, and higher T stage have a lower cancer-specific survival rate. Grasping surgical indications, attaching importance to preoperative evaluation, perioperative management, and postoperative follow-up, could benefit achieving satisfactory long-term survival.

Highly Efficient Framework for Predicting Interactions Between Proteins.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a central role in many biological processes. Although a large amount of human PPI data has been generated by high-throughput experimental techniques, they are very limited compared to the estimated 130 000 protein interactions in humans. Hence, automatic methods for human PPI-detection are highly desired. This work proposes a novel framework, i.e., Low-rank approximation-kernel Extreme Learning Machine (LELM), for detecting human PPI from a protein's primary sequences automatically. It has three main steps: 1) mapping each protein sequence into a matrix built on all kinds of adjacent amino acids; 2) applying the low-rank approximation model to the obtained matrix to solve its lowest rank representation, which reflects its true subspace structures; and 3) utilizing a powerful kernel extreme learning machine to predict the probability for PPI based on this lowest rank representation. Experimental results on a large-scale human PPI dataset demonstrate that the proposed LELM has significant advantages in accuracy and efficiency over the state-of-art approaches. Hence, this work establishes a new and effective way for the automatic detection of PPI.

Paradoxical brain embolism and pulmonary embolism due to a deep femoral venous aneurysm and patent foramen ovale: a case report / 中华神经科杂志

The cases of paradoxical brain embolism (PBE) due to venous aneurysms and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are extremely scarce, with only 5 cases caused by popliteal venous aneurysm reported in the literature to date, while PBE caused by deep femoral venous aneurysm (DFVA) and PFO has not been reported. Herein, an unusual case of PBE in a 15-year-old girl with PFO who still had cerebral infarction and pulmonary embolism after transcatheter closure was present. She was finally diagnosed as PFO with DFVA by angiography. Furthermore, clinical characteristics of 6 cases were summarized to improve the clinicians′ recognition of the rare risk factor of stroke-venous aneurysms of the lower extremity deep veins.

Interoceptive sensitivity and anxiety disorders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health condition.More and more studies have found that interoceptive sensitivity, such as the sensitivity of the body to a series of physiological activities such as heart rate, respiration, blood pressure and so on, is closely related to the susceptibility to anxiety disorders.So, understanding the role of interoception in the occurrence of anxiety disorders plays an important role in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and guiding treatment.This article reviewed the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, the interaction between increased interoceptive sensitivity and abnormal activation of the amygdala, which results in pathological anxiety, the insula also regulates emotional responses by regulating interoception.It is also associated with genes and neurotransmitters, which may be important biomarkers of anxiety disorders.At the same time, interoception is also associated with genes and neurotransmitters, which may also be important biomarkers of anxiety disorders.In terms of treatment, we can use respiratory therapy to regulate respiratory perception, apply rTMS to stimulate the relevant network of interoception, and use electroencephalography to reflect interoception biofeedback and other treatment methods to improve interoception, to alleviate anxiety symptoms.In conclusion, the abnormal sensitivity of interoception plays an important role in the occurrence of anxiety disorders.Currently, there are many therapeutic methods for the treatment of anxiety disorders based on interoception, but the relevant therapeutic mechanism is unclear.Therefore, future research needs to explore the mechanism of interoception in anxiety and explore the mechanism of related treatment.

Diagnostic efficacy of serum NT-proBNP and D-dimer for cardiogenic cerebral embolism based on population in southern Sichuan / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of serum N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and D-dimer for cardiogenic cerebral embolism (CE) based on population in southern Sichuan.Methods:We selected the clinical data of 313 patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) for the first time, 34 patients with simple atrial fibrillation (AF) and 30 healthy people who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2019 to April 2021. The patients with ACI were divided into four subgroups according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) typing: large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), CE, small artery occlusion (SAO), and indeterminate subtype (UT). The differences in clinical data in the groups were compared. At the same time, the differences of NT-proBNP and D-dimer in serum in CE group, AF group and healthy group were compared; The risk factors of CE were analyzed by binary logistic regression, and the diagnostic efficacy of serum NT-proBNP and D-dimer for CE was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at admission, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, NT-proBNP and AF rate were significantly different among ACI subgroups (all P<0.05); There was no significant difference in PT and NIHSS score at admission between LAA group and CE group (all P>0.05). The prevalence of D-dimer, NT-proBNP and AF rate in CE group was significantly higher than those in other three groups (all P<0.05). The D-dimer, NT-proBNP, FDP and SBP level in CE group were significantly higher than those in AF group and healthy group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer and NT-proBNP were independent risk factors for CE (both P<0.05). When the optimal cut-off value of serum D-dimer was 1.015 mg/L, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.896 (95% CI: 0.856-0.935, P<0.01); the sensitivity and specificity were 0.878 and 0.833, respectively; the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 0.705 and 0.953, respectively. When the best cut-off value of serum NT-proBNP was 657.145 ng/L, the AUC was 0.987 (95% CI: 0.977-0.998, P<0.01); the sensitivity and specificity were 0.959 and 0.963, respectively; the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 0.922 and 0.981, respectively. The accuracy of the combined detection of serum D-dimer and NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of CE was higher, and the AUC was 0.988 (95% CI: 0.978-0.998, P<0.01), sensitivity of 0.960, specificity of 0.977, positive predictive value of 0.950, negative predictive value of 0.982. Conclusions:The serum levels of NT-proBNP and D-dimer in CE patients increased significantly; NT-proBNP and D-dimer are important predictors of CE and have higher diagnostic efficacy for CE. The combination of them has a higher specificity for diagnosis.