Innovative measurement of parallelism for parallel transparent plate based on optical scanning holography by using a random-phase pupil.

A potential method is proposed to measure the parallelism of parallel transparent plate with an advanced lower limit and a convenient process by optical scanning holography (OSH) using a random-phase pupil, which is largely distinct from traditional methods. As a new possible application of OSH, this promising method is demonstrated theoretically and numerical simulations are carried out on a 2 cm×2 cm parallel plate. Discussions are also made on the quality of reconstructed image as well as local mean square error (MSE), which are closely related with the parallelism of sample. These amounts may become the judgments of parallelism, while in most interference methods judgments are paces between two interference fringes. In addition, randomness of random-phase pupil also affects the quality of reconstructed image and local MSE. According to the simulation results, high parallelism usually brings about distinguishable reconstructed information and suppressed local MSE.

Functional types of long trichoid sensilla responding to sex pheromone components in Plutella xylostella.

Sex pheromones, which consist of multiple components in specific ratios promote intraspecific sexual communications of insects. Plutella xylostella (L.) is a worldwide pest of cruciferous vegetables, the mating behavior of which is highly dependent on its olfactory system. Long trichoid sensilla on male antennae are the main olfactory sensilla that can sense sex pheromones. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 3 sex pheromone components from sex pheromone gland secretions of P. xylostella female adults were identified as Z11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:OH in a ratio of 9.4 : 100 : 17 using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection. Electrophysiological responses of 581 and 385 long trichoid sensilla of male adults and female adults, respectively, to the 3 components were measured by single sensillum recording. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the long trichoid sensilla were of 6 different types. In the male antennae, 52.32%, 5.51%, and 1.89% of the sensilla responded to Z11-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:OH, which are named as A type, B type, and C type sensilla, respectively; 2.93% named as D type sensilla responded to both Z11-16:Ald and Z11-16:Ac, and 0.34% named as E type sensilla were sensitive to both Z11-16:Ald and Z11-16:OH. In the female antennae, only 7.53% of long trichoid sensilla responded to the sex pheromone components, A type sensilla were 3.64%, B type and C type sensilla were both 0.52%, D type sensilla were 1.30%, and 1.56% of the sensilla responded to all 3 components, which were named as F type sensilla. The responding long trichoid sensilla were located from the base to the terminal of the male antennae and from the base to the middle of the female antennae. The pheromone mixture (Z11-16:Ald : Z11-16:Ac : Z11-16:OH = 9.4 : 100 : 17) had a weakly repellent effect on female adults of P. xylostella. Our results lay the foundation for further studies on sex pheromone communications in P. xylostella.

Genomic insights into local adaptation and phenotypic diversity of Wenchang chickens.

Wenchang chicken, a prized local breed in Hainan Province of China renowned for its exceptional adaptability to tropical environments and good meat quality, is deeply favored by the public. However, an insufficient understanding of its population architecture and the unclear genetic basis that governs its typical attributes have posed challenges in the protection and breeding of this precious breed. To address these gaps, we conducted whole-genome resequencing on 200 Wenchang chicken samples derived from 10 distinct strains, and we gathered data on an array of 21 phenotype traits. Population genomics analysis unveiled distinctive population structures in Wenchang chickens, primarily attributed to strong artificial selection for different feather colors. Selection sweep analysis identified a group of candidate genes, including PCDH9, DPF3, CDIN1, and SUGCT, closely linked to adaptations that enhance resilience in tropical island habitats. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) highlighted potential candidate genes associated with diverse feather color traits, encompassing TYR, RAB38, TRPM1, GABARAPL2, CDH1, ZMIZ1, LYST, MC1R, and SASH1. Through the comprehensive analysis of high-quality genomic and phenotypic data across diverse Wenchang chicken resource groups, this study unveils the intricate genetic backgrounds and population structures of Wenchang chickens. Additionally, it identifies multiple candidate genes linked to environmental adaptation, feather color variations, and production traits. These insights not only provide genetic reference for the purification and breeding of Wenchang chickens but also broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity in chickens.

[Study on the coumarin glucosides of Angelica dahurica].

OBJECTIVE: To study the coumarin glucosides of Angelica dahurica. METHODS: Fresh roots and rhizomes of Angelica dahurica were extracted with ethanol at room temperature. Repeated column chromatography and preparative HPLC were used to isolate and purify the compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-six coumarin glucosides were isolated from Angelica dahurica, while here we reported 7 of them: sec.-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(R)-byakangelicin (I);8-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-xanthotoxol (II); 7-O-beta-D-Apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-peucedanol (III); (R)-peucedanol-7-O-beta-D-Glucopyranoside (IV); sec.-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(R)-Oxypeucedaninhydrate (V); 7-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-Sco-poletin( VI); Aesculin (VII). CONCLUSION: Compound V is a new compound, Compound VII is isolated from Umbellifera for the first time, compounds III, IV are isolated from Angelica for the first time,while compound I, II and VI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Studies on the chemical constituents from stems and leaves of Lonicera macranthoides].

OBJECTIVE: To research the chemical constituents from stems and leaves of Lonicera macranthoides. METHODS: Various column chromatographies were employed to isolate and purify the constituents. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR) and chemical evidence. RESULTS: Nine constituents were obtained and identified as loganin (I), loganic acid (II), morroniside (III),7-O-ethyl-morroniside (IV), scopoletin (V), caffeic acid (VI), chlorogenic acid (VII), beta-sitosterol (VIII), daucosterol (IX). CONCLUSION: Compounds I-VI are isolated from the plant for the first time. All the compounds are found for the first time from the stems and leaves of Lonicera macranthoides.

[Study on the chemical constituents from the bulbs of Zephyranthes candida].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the bulbs of Zephyranthes candida. METHODS: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by means of several chromatographies and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Six compounds were isolated and identified as trisphaeridine (I), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (II), sucrose (III), (-)-amarbellisine (IV), lycorine (V), (+)-haemanthamine (VI). CONCLUSION: Compounds I - IV are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Analysis of HUANG Feng's Medication Rules for Low Back Pain Based on Data Mining / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To analyze the medication rules of Professor HUANG Feng for the treatment of low back pain using data mining methods.Methods The information of prescriptions for the effective cases of outpatients with low back pain treated by Professor HUANG Feng were collected and screened.Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to analyze the frequency of medication and the distribution of properties,flavors and meridian tropism of the drugs in the included prescription.IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used for association rule analysis,and IBM Statistics 26.0 was used for cluster analysis.Results A total of 239 prescriptions and 75 Chinese medicines were included.There were 23 high-frequency Chinese medicines with the medication frequency being or over 20 times,and the top 10 Chinese medicines were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma,Cibotii Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Zanthoxyli Radix,salt-processed Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Rehmanniae Radix,Dipsaci Radix,Coicis Semen,and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.The medicines were mainly warm in nature,and were sweet,bitter and pungent in flavor.Most of the drugs had the meridian tropism of liver,stomach and spleen meridians.Among the drug combinations obtained from association rule analysis with the top 20 highest support,vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma,Cibotii Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Zanthoxyli Radix were the core drugs.Cluster analysis yielded 6 clustering combinations.Conclusion For the treatment of low back pain,Professor HUANG Feng follows the principle of"treatment adapting to the climate,individuality,and environment"and"treating the root cause of the disease",usually adopts the drugs for activating blood,moving qi and relieving pain,nourishing the liver and kidney,and also uses the medicines for replenishing qi and strengthening the spleen.The ideas of HUANG Feng for the treatment of low back pain can be used as a reference for the clinical treatment.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Lonicera macranthoides].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. METHODS: The 90% EtOH extract of Lonicera macranthoides. was successively partitioned with petroleum ether and ethyl acetete. RESULTS: Repeated column chromatography of the ethyl acetete fraction afforded the following compounds (1-9): ginnol (1), triacontanol (2), ursolic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), triacontane (5), palmitic acid (6), beta-daucosterol (7), 3-decyl-3-octyldocosan-1-ol (8), 3-dodecyl-3-nonyldocosan-1-ol (9). All compounds except 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time while compounds 2, 3, 5, 8 and 9 are their first time been isolated from genus Lonicera.

[Studies on chemical constituents of the roots of Angelica pubescens].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Angelica pubescens. METHODS: Fresh roots of Angelica pubescens were extracted with EtOH,the chemical constituents in the extract were isolated by column chromatography as macroporous absorption resin,and ODS etc. Their structures were confirmed by spectral analysis (NMR, MS). RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as nodakenetin (I), umbelliferone (II), columbianetin (III), beta-D-glucosyl-columbianetin (IV), columbianin (V), tert. -O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl -(R)-by-akangelicin (VI) and sec. -O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(R) -byakangelicin (VII). CONCLUSION: Compound IV, VI and VII are isolated from Angelica pubescens for the first time.

Feasibility and safety of robotic-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy with the assistance of three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography image to treat huge adrenal tumors / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:Efficacy and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy as a treatment for large adrenal tumors.Three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction can effectively assist in preoperative planning of robotic adrenalectomy and reduce potential complications.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the relevant information of patients who had a preoperative 3D reconstruction and underwent RA for adrenal masses larger than 10 cm. Thirteen male patients and sixteen female patients were included. The median(range) age was 43(25, 57) years old and the median tumor diameter was 12.1(10.3, 16.2) cm. The patients underwent preoperative CT enhancement scanning, and three-dimensional images were reconstructed based on the examination data. Robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed under general anesthesia in 29 cases in this cohort.Results:All surgeries were completed successfully without major complications such as massive bleeding, secondary surgery, or even patient death. The median operative time was 131 (80, 245) min, and the median intraoperative bleeding was 330 (50, 2 200 ml) ml. 9 patients received blood transfusions. There were 11 cases of pheochromocytoma (37.9%), 10 cases of adenocarcinoma (34.5%) as well as 2 cases of teratoma (6.9%) and 6 cases of cortical carcinoma (20.7%). The patients were followed up for a median of 30 months after surgery. Except for 3 cases lost to follow-up and 2 patients with cortical cancer who developed recurrence or metastasis after surgery and died at 16 and 23 months after surgery, respectively, the remaining 24 cases have survived to date.Conclusions:RA is a safe and effective treatment for huge adrenal tumors. The 3D reconstruction could help the preoperative planning of RA and reduce potential complications.

Dermatomyositis with kidney neoplasm: two cases report and literature review / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of dermatomyositis with kidney neoplasm.Methods:The data of two patients with dermatomyositis complicated with kidney neoplasm in Tongji Hospital from January to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The first case was a 55-year-old female, who was admitted with the chief complaints of recurrent erythema of upper extremities for 2 months and facial erythema for 1 month. Physical examination: erythema can be seen on upper limbs and face, no tenderness or percussion pain in kidney area. Myositis enzyme profile test showed that anti-Mi-2 antibody and anti-SSA /Ro-52 antibody were positive. Contrast CT showed nodular uneven enhancement in the right kidney with a size of 50 mm×41 mm. The second case was a 58-year-old female, who was admitted with the chief complaints of kidney occupying for a month. Physical examination: flaky erythema on face, no tenderness or percussion pain in kidney area. Myositis enzyme profile test showed that anti-Ro-52 antibody and anti-MDA5 antibody were positive. Contrast CT showed a significantly uneven enhanced mass with a size of about 50 mm×41 mm on left kidney. Both patients were diagnosed with kidney neoplasm before surgery and underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Tongji Hospital.Results:Both patients received regular oral prednisone after surgery. The pathological presentation of case 1 was papillary renal cell carcinoma, the facial erythema subsided 1 month after surgery, and there was no tumor recurrence for 13 months. The pathological presentation of case 2 was clear cell renal cell carcinoma, facial erythema subsided 2 weeks after surgery, and there was no tumor recurrence for 12 months.Conclusions:The diagnosis of dermatomyositis should be combined with clinical manifestations and laboratory examination, and the possibility of malignant tumor should be excluded due to the high likelihood of concomitant malignancy. For patients with dermatomyositis with kidney neoplasm, the main treatment is still surgery, and supplemented with glucocorticoid therapy.

Metachronous bilateral renal pelvic carcinomas: a case report with literature review / 中华泌尿外科杂志

A case of metachronous bilateral renal pelvic carcinoma was reported. A 55-year-old women underwent left nephroureterectomy for the left renal pelvis cancer in 2011, then she was diagnosed with right renal pelvis carcinoma because of intermittent hematuria in 2014.A transurethral ureteroscopic holmium laser resection of the right renal pelvic tumor, partial right pelvis resection and nephrostomy, instillation with hydroxycamptothecin were taken sequentially to delay the dialysis for 53 months. In 2018, the patient underwent right nephroureterectomy because of recurrence of right renal pelvic carcinoma. The patient was followed up for 17 months postoperatively and there was no recurrence. In this case, patient's renal function was protected by the premise tumor control through a variety of minimally invasive and pharmaceutical therapy, which can provide a reference for the kidney-preserving treatment of high-grade renal pelvis cancer.

Circular RNA circ-ABCB10 promotes breast cancer proliferation and progression through sponging miR-1271.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulator in the development and progression of human cancers, however its role in breast cancer tumorigenesis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the expression profiles and potential modulation of circRNA on breast cancer carcinogenesis. Human circRNA microarray was performed to screen for abnormally expressed circRNA in breast cancer tissue. Results found circ-ABCB10, was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer tissue. And results were replicated in a larger sample size. In vitro, loss-of-function experiments showed circ-ABCB10 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and increased apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Bioinformatics prediction program predicted the complementary sequence within circ-ABCB10 and miR-1271, which was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Finally, miR-1271 rescued the function of circ-ABCB10 on breast cancer cells, confirming the sponge effect of circ-ABCB10 on miR-1271. Overall, results identified a new functional circ-ABCB10 in breast cancer tumorigenesis, and reveal the important regulatory role of circ-ABCB10 through sponging miR-1271, providing a novel insight for breast cancer pathogenesis.

Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Radiation Encephalopathy Induced by Radiotherapy for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.

In this study, articles in English and Chinese were selected from available electronic databases prior to September 2014. The metabolic concentrations and patterns of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr), NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr ratios in radiotherapy-induced radiation encephalopathy by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively synthesize findings of these studies. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effective models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I (2) statistics. The results indicated that a total of 4 researches involving 214 patients met inclusion criteria. Depending on methodologies of selected studies, control groups were referred to as healthy subjects. The combined analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in value of Cr between radiotherapy group and healthy control group (WMD = -1.483, 95% CI: -67.185-64.219, p = 0.965). However, there were significant difference in values of NAA (WMD = -18.227, 95%CI: -36.317--0.137, p = 0.048), Cho (WMD = 38.003, 95%CI: 5.155-70.851, p = 0.023), NAA/Cr (WMD = -1.175, 95%CI: -1.563--0.787, p = 0.000), NAA/Cho (WMD = -1.108, 95%CI: -2.003-0.213, p = 0.015), and Cho/Cr (WMD = -0.773, 95%CI: 0.239-1.307, p = 0.005). In conclusion, MRS can be regarded as an effective and feasible imaging test for radiotherapy-induced radiation encephalopathy in NPC patients.

Comparison of MRI, CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of local and metastatic of nasopharyngeal carcinomas: an updated meta analysis of clinical studies.

BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of MRI, CT and FDG PET/CT in TNM stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (NPC). METHODS: Through a search of studies from 1996 to April 2015, pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity, pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and Q*-index were calculated. RESULTS: Totally 23 studies were included for analysis. In T stage, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of MRI were 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.80), 86.85 (16.36-461.06) and 0.9213 (SE 0.0372) respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of CT were 0.84 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.88), 0.80 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.88), 6.32 (1.17 to 34.02) and 0.7215 (SE 0.054) respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of FDG PET/CT were 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.91), 0.91 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.96) and 0.8673 (SE 0.0311). In N stage, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of MRI were 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.90), 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), 93.68 (23.21-379.69) and 0.9153 (SE 0.099) respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of CT were 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.95), 0.93 (0.76-0.99), 93.81 (22.39-393.03) and 0.8872 (SE 0.0520) respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR and SROC of FDG PET/CT were 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.90), 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), 93.88 (23.21-379.69) and 0.9153 (SE 0.0299) respectively. In M stage, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.53 (95% CI 0.35-0.70) and 0.99 (95% 0.95-1.00). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CT were 0.80 (95% CI 0.44-0.97) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.86-0.97) respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and SROC of FDG PET/CT were 0.82 (95% 0.74-0.88), 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) and 0.9002 (SE 0.075) respectively. CONCLUSION: The analysis suggested that MRI had good accuracy in diagnosis of T stage. Whereas CT is currently a good performance in diagnosis of N stage, FDG PET/CT shows good accuracy in diagnosis of M stage.

[Construction and operation status of management system of laboratories of schistosomiasis control institutions in Hubei Province].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the construction and operation status of management system of laboratories of schistosomiasis control institutions in Hubei Province, so as to provide the reference for the standardized detection and management of schistosomiasis laboratories. METHODS: According to the laboratory standard of schistosomiasis at provincial, municipal and county levels, the management system construction and operation status of 60 schistosomiasis control institutions was assessed by the acceptance examination method from 2013 to 2015. RESULTS: The management system was already occupied over all the laboratories of schistosomiasis control institutions and was officially running. There were 588 non-conformities and the inconsistency rate was 19.60%. The non-conformity rate of the management system of laboratory quality control was 38.10% (224 cases) and the non-conformity rate of requirements of instrument and equipment was 23.81% (140 cases). CONCLUSIONS: The management system has played an important role in the standardized management of schistosomiasis laboratories.

Genetic Testing for Alpha and Beta Thalassemia in Children in Quanzhou Region of Fujian Province in China / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the genotypes and distribution of thalassemia in children in Quanzhou Region so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of thalassemia.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 302 children with suspected thalassemia were collected from January 2014 to April 2020 in Quanzhou Region. The deletional α-thalassemia was detected by Gap-PCR, and DNA reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization was used to detect α- and β-thalassemia mutations.@*RESULTS@#In the 1 302 cases, 667 cases were identified as thalassemia carriers, and the positive detection rate was about 51.23%. Among them, 380 cases of α-thalassemia gene were detected, and --@*CONCLUSION@#There are various genotypes of thalassemia in children in Quanzhou Region, and many children with thalassemia major or intermedia. Therefore, further prevention and control of thalassemia need to be strengthened for reducing the birth of thalassemia major or intermedia.

Glycyrrhizic Acid Protect IEC-6 Cells from Apoptosis Via HuR Mediated Posttranscription of p21 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) from tumor necrosis factor-α+actinomycetes ketone （TNF-α+CHX） induced apoptosis in rat small intestine crypt epithelial cell line (IEC-6) via AU rich element mRNA binding protein HuR mediated posttranscription of p21 and the potential mechanism. Method:The cultured IEC-6 cells were observed. The experiment was divided into blank group, GA (60 μmol·L-1) group, TNF-α+CHX group and GA+TNF-α+CHX group. Cytoplasmic and nuclear HuR were measured by Western blot. The interaction of HuR and p21 mRNA was detected by biotin pull down and RNA IP. Luciferase activity was measured after transfection with construct with p21 3'-UTR cloned into downstream of luciferase reporter. Cell apoptosis was detected by real-time dynamic cell analyzer, p21 and cysteine proteinas-3 precursor protein（proCaspase-3） association was analysised by CO-IP. Result:After GA treatment for 48 h, cytoplasmic HuR protein expression increased（P<0.05）,the binding between HuR and p21 mRNA expression up regulated(P<0.05), luciferase activity increased(P<0.01), and p21 mRNA and protein expression also increased(P<0.05), while these results were abolished by HuR silencing with siRNA. GA enhanced p21 and procaspase3 interaction(P<0.05), and attenuated TNF-α+CHX induced apoptosis in IEC-6 cells. Conclusion:GA protected IEC-6 cells from TNF-α/CHX induced apoptosis via HuR mediated p21 posttranscription, which due to GA enhanced HuR binding to endogenous and recombinant p21 mRNA and increased p21 interaction with proCaspase3.

Study on PMP Pre-column Derivatization-HPLC Fingerprint of Polyporus Polysaccharide / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish pre -column derivatization-HPLC fingerprint of Polyporus polysaccharide ，and to determine the contents of main monosaccharide components ，so as to provide reference for quality evaluation of Polyporus umbellatus. METHODS ：Polyporus polysaccharide was extracted with boiling water and precipitated by ethanol and deproteinized by Sevage from 11 batches of P. umbellatus from different producing areas. The samples were firstly hydrolyzed with trifluoro-acetic acid （TFA）and then derivatized by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone（PMP）. HPLC analysis was then conducted. The determination was carried out on HypersiL BDS C 18 column with mobile phase composed of 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer （pH 6.84）-acetonitrile（84∶16，V/V）by gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm， and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 20 µL. The similarity of 11 batches of Polyporus polysaccharide was evaluated by using TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012A edition ），and the contents of main monosassharide components were detected. The peak was identified by comparing with the reference substance ，and cluster analysis was performed by using SPSS 23.0 software. RESULTS ：In HPLC fingerprints of the 11 batches of samples ，3 common peaks were identified ，namely mannose ，glucose and galactose. The similarity of all samples was above 0.94. Cluster analysis classified 11 batches of samples into three categories. S 1-S6，and S 8 were grouped into category 1；S7，S10 and S 11 were grouped into category 2；S9 was individually grouped into one category. Results of content determination showed that the contents of mannose ranged from 1.571 to 8.771 mg/g；those of glucose ranged from 26.072 to 132.194 mg/g，and those of galactose ranged from 3.420 to 36.593 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS ：Established pre-column derivatization HPLC fingerprints can provide reference for quality evaluation of P. umbellatus . The monosaccharide composition of different batches of Polyporus polysaccharide is the same ；there is no significant correlation between fingerprint characteristic peak and the origin of herbs ；there is significant difference in the content of monosaccharide of P. umbellatus .

Two new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from stems and leaves of Monimopetalum chinense / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Monimopetalum chinense. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Results Two new dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from the stems and leaves of M. chinense and identified as 1α,6β-dinicotinoyloxy-9α-acetoxy-dihydro- β-agarofuran (1) and 1α,6β-dinicotinoyloxy-9α-benzoyloxy-8α-hydroxydihydro-β-agarofuran (2). Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and named as monimins I and II, respectively.