Evaluation of soil environmental quality of cultivated land in the Donghe River Basin of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province by three methods / 环境与职业医学

Background Heavy metal pollution in cultivated land will affect crop yield and quality, as well as groundwater quality, ecological security, and human health. Objective To analyze the pollution status of heavy metal elements such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in cultivated soils of the Donghe River Basin in Chenzhou City, and to evaluate the environmental quality of local cultivated soil. Methods A total of 16 samples of cultivated soil from the Donghe River Basin in Chenzhou City were collected, and the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method (the evaluation indicators included both Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and single pollution index), the geological accumulation index method, and the potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the soil environmental quality. Results The average levels of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the soil samples in the study area were 58.25, 49.50, 273.88, 137.76, 2.92, and 672.29 mg·kg−1, respectively. The average values of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were all exceeded the background values of soil elements in Hunan Province. The single pollution indices of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil were 4.40, 9.74, 5.85, and 1.15 respectively. The contamination of As and Pb reached 93.75% and 81.25% respectively. The geological accumulation indices of soil As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 2.11, 3.71, 2.97, and 0.58, respectively, which showed heavy Cd pollution, moderate As and Pb pollution, and slight Zn pollution. The potential ecological hazard indices of soil Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd were 1.63, 9.07, 2.90, 87.75, 113.18, and 695.76. 81.Twenty five percent of Cd samples showed heavy pollution and above, and 62.50% of Pb samples had moderate pollution and above. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index was 7.72, which belonged to heavy pollution; and the comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 910.29, which belonged to high ecological risk. Conclusion There are certain differences in the results of different evaluation methods. The cultivated soils of the Donghe River Basin in Chenzhou City, is seriously polluted by heavy metals, and Cd, As, and Pb are the main polluting elements.

[Clnical observation, of the effects of lattice ultra pulse carbon dioxide laser combined with traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of hyperplastic scar].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effects of lattice ultra pulse carbon dioxide laser combined with traditional Chinese medicine ( Fuchunsan ) on the treatment of postburn hyperplastic scar. METHODS: Sixty-three patients with hyperplastic scar after burn injury hospitalized from February 2012 to June 2014 in our department were treated with lattice ultra pulse carbon dioxide laser combined with traditional Chinese medicine (Fuchunsan). Patients were divided into early stage group (E, n = 35), middle stage group (M, n = 25), and late stage group ( L, n = 3) according to the formation time of scar, which was respectively 3 weeks to 3 months, longer than 3 months and less than or equal to 6 months, and 3 to 15 years in groups E, M, and L. The number of times of laser treatment of patients in each group was recorded. The degree of scar pain in patients of the three groups was assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) before treatment and after treatment for 1, 2, and 3 times. The scar condition of patients in groups E and M was assessed by the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) before treatment and after treatment for 1, 3, and 5 times. Patients in group L did not receive VSS assessment but were evaluated by clinical observation only. Photos of scar in treating area were taken before treatment and after treatment for 3 and 5 times to evaluate the clinical effect. Data were processed with t test. RESULTS: Patients in groups E and M were treated with laser for (4.8 ± 1.1) and (7.7 ± 2.1) times respectively. In group L, the treatment was stopped in 2 patients after laser treatment for 5 times, and 1 patient received laser treatment for 12 times. The degree of pain in patients of groups E and M was alleviated significantly after treatment for one time, and the number of patients scoring 1-4 point(s) in NRS increased from 5 cases to 38 cases. After treatment for 2 and 3 times, the increase in the number of patients scoring 1-4 point (s) in NRS was on a small scale. Before treatment and after treatment for 1 time, VSS scores of patients in groups E and M were similar (with values respectively 0.641 and 0. 082, P values above 0. 05). After treatment for 3 and 5 times, VSS scores of patients in group E were respectively (9.2 ± 0.8) and (7.0 ± 1.1) points, which were significantly lower than those in group M [ (9.7 ± 1.0) and (8.2 ± 1.0) points, with values respectively -1.993 and -4.433 , P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. After treatment for 3 times, the rate of improvement in appearance was respectively 88.6% (31/35) and 72.0% (18/25) in groups E and M, and it was respectively 100.0% (35/35) and 96.0% (24/25) after treatment for 5 times. No significant effect in appearance was found in the 3 patients in group L. CONCLUSIONS: Early application of lattice ultra pulse carbon dioxide laser combined with traditional Chinese medicine (Fuchunsan) for the treatment of postburn hyperplastic scar is effective.

Clinical application of modified skin soft tissue expansion in early repair of devastating wound on the head due to electrical burn / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of modified skin soft tissue expansion in repair of devastating wound on the head due to electrical burn in the early stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one patients with partial scalp soft tissue defect accompanying skull exposure and necrosis in different degree due to high-voltage electrical burn were hospitalized from April 2009 to October 2014, with wound area ranging from 7 cm × 5 cm to 15 cm × 13 cm. The wounds were debrided as early as possible, and necrotic skulls were kept in situ and covered with porcine ADM and silver-containing dressing. Bacterial culture of exudate from the residual soft tissue was carried out 3 days after hospitalization. Pertinent antibiotics were applied topically to control infection, and autologous split-thickness skin grafts were transplanted. Two to three weeks after injury when the skin grafts survived, modified skin soft tissue expansion was carried out. The crossbow-form incision was made on the normal scalp 2 cm away from the edge of transplanted skin; a capsule cavity was formed by ladder-like dissection. An expander was inserted with the injection port laying outside. The expander was stretched by inflation and deflation. The incisions were sutured layer by layer. The time of continuing negative pressure drainage in the interval of expansion was extended. Volume of water reaching 2 to 3 times of the capacity of expander was injected for excessive expanding. The expanded skin flap was rotated to repair the wound after expansion was ended.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Within 1 week after debridement, 4 kinds of bacteria were detected in the bacterial culture of wound exudate, including 4 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 5 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 5 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 3 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii. A total of 26 expanders were imbedded. No infection or incision dehiscence in the expanding area or cracking and leakage of expander was observed during expanding period. Two to three months after injury, expanded skin flap transplantation was completed, and the wound was repaired. Raw wounds were seen in 4 expanded skin flaps after transfer, and they healed after dressing change. Punctiform ulceration at the seams of 2 flaps was observed one month after the operation, which healed after removing few pieces of sequestra by themselves. The other expanded skin flaps survived well. During the postoperative follow-up for 3 to 12 months, satisfactory appearance and hair growth was observed in the operation area.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Repair of the devastating wound on the head due to electrical burn with modified skin soft tissue expansion could achieve the result of early wound covering and cosmetic repair without alopecia in one time.</p>

Embryonic stem cell transplantation for treating acute myocardial infarction in the central and peripheral infarct regions / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Present therapeutic tool cannot supplement infarct myocardium. Studies have shown that stem cell transplantation can promote regeneration of myocardium and vessels and improve heart function and prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe changes in morphology and hemodynamics in myocardium following embryonic stem cell transplantation in and surrounding the acute myocardial infarct site.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Laboratory of Neurobiology,Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University from March 2007 to October 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 40 SPF grade Wistar rats were equally randomized into 4 groups, normal control, infarct model,central transplantation and peripheral transplantation groups. Embryonic stem cells-D3 (ES-D3) and Buffalo rat hepatocytas were supplied by Shanghai Cell Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences.METHODS: Following resuscitation, ES-D3 cells at (2.0-5.0)×107/L were incubated in a flask, and induced to in vitro differentiate in conditioned medium containing Buffalo rat hepatocytes. Except normal control group, rat models of acute myocardial infarction were established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery in the infarct model, central transplantation and peripheral transplantation groups. At 1 week following model induction, ES-D3 cells were labeled by BrdU for 1 day, and implanted at 1×109/L. Three sites were selected in the infarct site in the central transplantation group. 10 μ L cell suspension (104 cells) was implanted in the ventricular wall through each site. In the peripheral transplantation group, an equal volume of cell suspension was separately implanted in three peripheral infarct sites by the same method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of immunohistochemistry and hemodynamics were measured.RESULTS: ES-D3 cells in buffalo rat hepatocyte conditioned medium presented regular colony-shaped. At 8 days following differentiation, some embryo proper had spontaneous rhythmic contraction, showed positive reaction of cardiac troponin T after immunostaining. Under the electron microscope, myotube and muscle fiber appeared, which verified the differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Cells were positive for BrdU in the peripheral transplantation group, but negative in the central transplantation group. Cells were also positive for cardiac troponin T. 4 weeks following transplantation, left ventricular systolic pressure,minimum/maximum rate of ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01), but left ventricular end diastolic pressure was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01), left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01 ) in the infarct model group compared with the normal control group. Compared with the infarct model group, no significant changes in hemodynamics indices were found in the central transplantation group (P ＞ 0.05); left ventricular systolic pressure, ±dp/dtmax were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01), left ventricular end diastolic pressure was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ), left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index and infarct area were significantly reduced(P ＜ 0.01) in the peripheral transplantation group.

THE EFFECT OF INTRAMYOCARDIAL TRANSPLANTATION OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS COMBINED WITH BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR INTO MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MODELS ON THE CARDIAC FUNCTION IN POSTINFARCTED RATS / 解剖学报

0.05).Compared with group 2,the infarction size and left ventricular weight(LVW) were reduced significantly(P

Limit test of residum from macroporous adsorption resin in Kechuanning Capsules by GS / 中成药

Objective: To establish the method for determination of methyl acrylate, methybenzene, o dimethylb, m dimethy, p dimethy and phenylethene in Kechuanning Capsules(Papaver nudicaule) by chromatography. Methods: The GC system consisted of stainless steel column, 3.5% organic bentonite and 2.5% DNP as the solid phase, nitrogen as the carrier gas, and FID as the detector. Results: The contents of all the determined substances in Kechuanning Capsules are lower than 20mg?g -1 . Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and it can be used to control the quality of the preparation.