SPSL1 is essential for spermatophore formation and sperm activation in Spodoptera frugiperda.

The reproductive process in various species has undergone evolutionary adaptations at both the physiological and molecular levels, playing a significant role in maintaining their populations. In lepidopteran insects, the spermatophore is a unique structure formed in the female reproductive system, in which sperm storage and activation take place. It is known that the formation of the spermatophore is regulated by seminal fluid proteins derived from males. However, studies investigating the genetic mechanisms behind spermatophore formation in lepidopterans have been limited. In this study, our focus was on SPSL1, a gene that encodes a trypsin-type seminal fluid protein in Spodoptera frugiperda, a pest species with global invasive tendencies. Our findings revealed that SPSL1 expression was predominantly observed in the male reproductive tracts, and the disruption of this gene resulted in male sterility. Surprisingly, fluorescence analysis indicated that the absence of SPSL1 did not affect spermatogenesis or sperm migration within the male reproductive system. However, when females mated with SPSL1-mutant males, several defects were observed. These included disruptions in spermatophore formation, sperm activation in the copulatory bursae, and sperm migration into the spermathecae. Additionally, mass spectrometry analysis highlighted reduced levels of energy-related metabolites, suggesting that SPSL1 plays an essential role in promoting hydrolysis reactions during copulation. Consequently, our study demonstrates that SPSL1 is crucial for male fertility due to its functions in spermatophore formation and sperm activation. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic factors underlying reproductive processes in lepidopteran insects and sheds light on potential strategies for controlling invasive pest populations.

The Prmt5-Vasa module is essential for spermatogenesis in Bombyx mori.

In lepidopteran insects, dichotomous spermatogenesis produces eupyrene spermatozoa, which are nucleated, and apyrene spermatozoa, which are anucleated. Both sperm morphs are essential for fertilization, as eupyrene sperm fertilize the egg, and apyrene sperm is necessary for the migration of eupyrene sperm. In Drosophila, Prmt5 acts as a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the RNA helicase Vasa. Prmt5 is critical for the regulation of spermatogenesis, but Vasa is not. To date, functional genetic studies of spermatogenesis in the lepidopteran model Bombyx mori has been limited. In this study, we engineered mutations in BmPrmt5 and BmVasa through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. Both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa loss-of-function mutants had similar male and female sterility phenotypes. Through immunofluorescence staining analysis, we found that the morphs of sperm from both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa mutants have severe defects, indicating essential roles for both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Mass spectrometry results identified that R35, R54, and R56 of BmVasa were dimethylated in WT while unmethylated in BmPrmt5 mutants. RNA-seq analyses indicate that the defects in spermatogenesis in mutants resulted from reduced expression of the spermatogenesis-related genes, including BmSxl, implying that BmSxl acts downstream of BmPrmt5 and BmVasa to regulate apyrene sperm development. These findings indicate that BmPrmt5 and BmVasa constitute an integral regulatory module essential for spermatogenesis in B. mori.

BmPMFBP1 regulates the development of eupyrene sperm in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Sperm deliver the male complement of DNA to the ovum, and thus play a key role in sexual reproduction. Accordingly, spermatogenesis has outstanding significance in fields as disparate as infertility treatments and pest-control, making it a broadly interesting and important focus for molecular genetics research in a wide range of species. Here we investigate spermatogenesis in the model lepidopteran insect Bombyx mori (silkworm moth), with particular focus on the gene PMFBP1 (polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1). In humans and mouse, PMFBP1 is essential for spermatogenesis, and mutations of this gene are associated with acephalic spermatozoa, which cause infertility. We identified a B. mori gene labeled as "PMFBP1" in GenBank's RefSeq database and sought to assess its role in spermatogenesis. Like in mammals, the silkworm version of this gene (BmPMFBP1) is specifically expressed in testes. We subsequently generated BmPMFBP1 mutants using a transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system. Mutant males were sterile while the fertility of mutant females was comparable to wildtype females. In B. mori, spermatogenesis yields two types of sperm, the nucleated fertile eupyrene sperm, and anucleated unfertile apyrene sperm. Mutant males produced abnormal eupyrene sperm bundles but normal apyrene sperm bundles. For eupyrene sperm, nuclei were mislocated and disordered inside the bundles. We also found the BmPMFBP1 deficiency blocked the release of eupyrene sperm bundles from testes to ejaculatory seminalis. We found no obvious abnormalities in the production of apyrene sperm in mutant males, and double-matings with apyrene-deficient sex-lethal mutants rescued the ΔBmPMFBP1 infertility phenotype. These results indicate BmPMFBP1 functions only in eupyrene spermatogenesis, and highlight that distinct genes underlie the development of the two sperm morphs commonly found in Lepidoptera. Bioinformatic analyses suggest PMFBP1 may have evolved independently in lepidoptera and mammals, and that despite the shared name, are likely not homologous genes.

In Situ Growth of MOF from Wood Aerogel toward Bromide Ion Adsorption in Simulated Saline Water.

Utilizing metal-organic framework (MOF) materials for the extraction of bromide ions (Br-) from aqueous solutions, as an alternative to chlorine gas oxidation technology, holds promising potential for future applications. However, the limitations of powdered MOFs, such as low utilization efficiency, ease of aggregation in water, and challenging recovery processes, have hindered their practical application. Shaping MOF materials into application-oriented forms represents an effective but challenging approach to address these drawbacks. In this work, a novel Ag-UiO-66-(OH)2@delignified wood cellulose aerogel (CA) adsorbent is synthesized using an oil bath impregnation method, involving the deposition of UiO-66-(OH)2 nanoparticles onto CA and the uniform dispersion of Ag0 nanoparticles across its surface. CA, characterized by the intertwined cellulose nanofiber structure and a highly hydrophilic surface, serves as an ideal substrate for the uniform growth of UiO-66-(OH)2 nanoparticles, which, in turn, spontaneously reduce Ag+ to form distributed Ag0 nanoparticles due to the abundant hydroxyl groups provided. Leveraging the well-defined biological structure of CA, which offers excellent mass transfer channels, and the highly dispersed Ag adsorption sites, Ag-UiO-(OH)2/CA exhibits remarkable adsorption capacity (642 mg/gAg) under optimized conditions. Furthermore, an integrated device is constructed by interconnecting Ag-UiO-(OH)2/CA adsorbents in series, affirming its potential application in the continuous recovery of Br-. This study not only presents an efficient Ag-UiO-(OH)2/CA adsorbent for Br- recovery but also sheds light on the extraction of other valuable elements from various liquid ores.

Photocatalyzed C3-H Nitrosylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine under Continuous Flow and External Photocatalyst-, Oxidant-, and Additive-Free Conditions.

This study reports a protocol for the highly regioselective photocatalyzed C-H nitrosylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds at the C3 position under a combination of visible-light irradiation and continuous flow without any external photocatalyst. This protocol involves mild and safe conditions and shows good tolerance to air and water along with excellent functional group compatibility and site selectivity, generating various 3-nitrosoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in excellent yields under photocatalyst-, oxidant-, and additive-free conditions.Notably, the proposed nitrosylation reaction, which introduces the chromophore NO into imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds, occurs efficiently under visible-light irradiation without any additional photocatalyst owing to the intense light-absorption characteristics of the nitrosylation products. This study could guide future studies on the development of green organic-synthesis strategies with a wide variety of potential applications.

Injective hydrogel loaded with liposomes-encapsulated MY-1 promotes wound healing and increases tensile strength by accelerating fibroblast migration via the PI3K/AKT-Rac1 signaling pathway.

Failed skin wound healing, through delayed wound healing or wound dehiscence, is a global public health issue that imposes significant burdens on individuals and society. Although the application of growth factor is an effective method to improve the pace and quality of wound healing, the clinically approved factors are limited. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) demonstrates promising results in wound healing by promoting collagen deposition and cell migration, but its application is limited by potentially inhibitory effects when administered continuously and locally. Through partially replacing and repeating the amino acid domains of PTH(1-34), we previously designed a novel PTH analog, PTH(3-34)(29-34) or MY-1, and found that it avoided the inhibitory effects of PTH while retaining its positive functions. To evaluate its role in wound healing, MY-1 was encapsulated in liposomes and incorporated into the methacryloyl gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel, through which an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel (GelMA-MY@Lipo, or GML) was developed. In vitro studies revealed that the GML had similar properties in terms of the appearance, microstructure, functional groups, swelling, and degradation capacities as the GelMA hydrogel. In vitro drug release testing showed a relatively more sustainable release of MY-1, which was still detectable in vivo 9 days post-application. When the GML was topically applied to the wound areas of rat models, wound closure as well as tensile strength were improved. Further studies showed that the effects of GML on wound repair and tensile strength were closely related to the promotion of fibroblast migration to the wound area through the controlled release of MY-1. Mechanically, MY-1 enhanced fibroblast migration by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream molecule, Rac1, by which it increased fibroblast aggregation in the early stage and resulting in denser collagen deposition at a later time. Overall, these findings demonstrated that the nanocomposite hydrogel system promoted skin wound healing and increased tensile strength, thus offering new potential in the treatment of wound healing.

The development and validation of a prediction model for imminent vertebral osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate a new model that focused on the risk of imminent vertebral fractures in women with osteoporosis. METHODS: Data from 2,048 patients were extracted from three hospitals, of which 1,720 patients passed the inclusion and exclusion screen. The patients from Nanfang Hospital (NFH) were randomized at a 2:1 ratio to create a training cohort (n = 709) and an internal validation cohort (n = 355), with the patients from the other two hospitals (n = 656) used for external validation. The risk factors included in the imminent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) prediction model (labelled TVF) were sorted by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and constructed by logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the decision curve, and the clinical impact curves of the optimal model were analyzed to verify the model. RESULTS: There were 138 and 161 fresh fractures in NFH and the other two hospitals, respectively. The lowest BMD T value and the history of vertebral fracture were integrated into the TVF model. The prediction power of TVF was demonstrated by the AUCs of 0.788 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.728-0.849) in the training cohort and 0.774 (95% CI, 0.705-0.842) in the internal validation cohort, and 0.790 (95% CI, 0.742-0.839) and 0.741 (95% CI, 0.668-0.813) in the external validation cohorts. CONCLUSION: The TVF model demonstrated good discrimination to stratify the imminent risk of OVCFs. We therefore consider the model as a pertinent commencement in the search for more accurate imminent OVCFs prediction.

Correction: Gtsf1 is essential for proper female sex determination and transposon silencing in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009194.].

Impaired angiogenesis in ageing: the central role of the extracellular matrix.

Each step in angiogenesis is regulated by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Accumulating evidence indicates that ageing-related changes in the ECM driven by cellular senescence lead to a reduction in neovascularisation, reduced microvascular density, and an increased risk of tissue ischaemic injury. These changes can lead to health events that have major negative impacts on quality of life and place a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Elucidating interactions between the ECM and cells during angiogenesis in the context of ageing is neceary to clarify the mechanisms underlying reduced angiogenesis in older adults. In this review, we summarize ageing-related changes in the composition, structure, and function of the ECM and their relevance for angiogenesis. Then, we explore in detail the mechanisms of interaction between the aged ECM and cells during impaired angiogenesis in the older population for the first time, discussing diseases caused by restricted angiogenesis. We also outline several novel pro-angiogenic therapeutic strategies targeting the ECM that can provide new insights into the choice of appropriate treatments for a variety of age-related diseases. Based on the knowledge gathered from recent reports and journal articles, we provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impaired angiogenesis with age and contribute to the development of effective treatments that will enhance quality of life.

Human Parathyroid Hormone Analog (3-34/29-34) promotes wound re-epithelialization through inducing keratinocyte migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PTHR1-PI3K/AKT activation.

BACKGROUND: Re-epithelialization is important in the process of wound healing. Various methods have been identified to expedite the process, but their clinical application remains limited. While parathyroid hormone (PTH) has shown promising results in wound healing due to its role in promoting collagen deposition and cell migration, application is limited by its potentially inhibitive effects when being continuously and locally administrated. Herein, we developed a novel PTH analog, Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) (3-34/29-34) (henceforth MY-1), by partially replacing and repeating the amino acid sequences of hPTH (1-34), and evaluated its effect on skin wound re-epithelialization. METHODS: CCK-8, colony formation unit assay, and Ki67 immunofluorescent staining were performed to evaluate the effect of MY-1 on HaCaT cell proliferation. Then, wound scratch assay, Transwell assay and lamellipodia staining were carried out to evaluate the effect of MY-1 on cell migration. Moreover, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were measured using qPCR and western blot analysis. For in-vivo drug delivery, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel was employed to load the MY-1, with the physicochemical characteristics evaluated prior to its application in wound models. Then, MY-1's role in wound healing was determined via acute skin wound models. Finally, the mechanism that MY-1 activated was also detected on HaCaT cells and in-vivo wound models. RESULTS: In-vitro, MY-1 accelerated the migration and EMT of HaCaT cells, while having little effect on cell proliferation. GelMA and MY-1-incorporated GelMA hydrogels showed similar physicochemical characteristics and were used in the in-vivo studies, where the results revealed that MY-1 led to a stronger re-epithelialization by inducing basal keratinocyte migration and EMT. Further studies on in-vivo wound models and in-vitro HaCaT cells revealed that MY-1 regulated cell migration and EMT through activating PI3K/AKT signaling. The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1), the main receptor of PTH, was found to be the upstream of PI3K/AKT signaling, through interfering PTHR1 expression with a small interference RNA following detection of the PI3K/AKT activation. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our study demonstrated that MY-1 accelerates skin wound re-epithelialization by inducing keratinocyte migration and EMT via PTHR1-PI3K/AKT axis activation. Video Abstract.

Gtsf1 is essential for proper female sex determination and transposon silencing in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Sex determination pathways are astoundingly diverse in insects. For instance, the silk moth Bombyx mori uniquely use various components of the piRNA pathway to produce the Fem signal for specification of the female fate. In this study, we identified BmGTSF1 as a novel piRNA factor which participates in B. mori sex determination. We found that BmGtsf1 has a distinct expression pattern compared to Drosophila and mouse. CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutation in BmGtsf1 resulted in partial sex reversal in genotypically female animals by shifting expression of the downstream targets BmMasc and Bmdsx to the male pattern. As levels of Fem piRNAs were substantially reduced in female mutants, we concluded that BmGtsf1 plays a critical role in the biogenesis of the feminizing signal. We also demonstrated that BmGTSF1 physically interacted with BmSIWI, a protein previously reported to be involved in female sex determination, indicating BmGTSF1 function as the cofactor of BmSIWI. BmGtsf1 mutation resulted in piRNA pathway dysregulation, including piRNA biogenesis defects and transposon derepression, suggesting BmGtsf1 is also a piRNA factor in the silkworm. Furthermore, we found that BmGtsf1 mutation leads to gametogenesis defects in both male and female. Our data suggested that BmGtsf1 is a new component involved in the sex determination pathway in B. mori.

Regulation of olfactory-based sex behaviors in the silkworm by genes in the sex-determination cascade.

Insect courtship and mating depend on integration of olfactory, visual, and tactile cues. Compared to other insects, Bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, has relatively simple sexual behaviors as it cannot fly. Here by using CRISPR/Cas9 and electrophysiological techniques we found that courtship and mating behaviors are regulated in male silk moths by mutating genes in the sex determination cascade belonging to two conserved pathways. Loss of Bmdsx gene expression significantly reduced the peripheral perception of the major pheromone component bombykol by reducing expression of the product of the BmOR1 gene which completely blocked courtship in adult males. Interestingly, we found that mating behavior was regulated independently by another sexual differentiation gene, Bmfru. Loss of Bmfru completely blocked mating, but males displayed normal courtship behavior. Lack of Bmfru expression significantly reduced the perception of the minor pheromone component bombykal due to the down regulation of BmOR3 expression; further, functional analysis revealed that loss of the product of BmOR3 played a key role in terminating male mating behavior. Our results suggest that Bmdsx and Bmfru are at the base of the two primary pathways that regulate olfactory-based sexual behavior.

Biomass-Derived Flexible Carbon Architectures as Self-Supporting Electrodes for Energy Storage.

With the swift advancement of the wearable electronic devices industry, the energy storage components of these devices must possess the capability to maintain stable mechanical and chemical properties after undergoing multiple bending or tensile deformations. This circumstance has expedited research efforts toward novel electrode materials for flexible energy storage devices. Nonetheless, among the numerous materials investigated to date, the incorporation of metal current collectors or insulative adhesives remains requisite, which entails additional costs, unnecessary weight, and high contact resistance. At present, biomass-derived flexible architectures stand out as a promising choice in electrochemical energy device applications. Flexible self-supporting properties impart a heightened mechanical performance, obviating the need for additional binders and lowering the contact resistance. Renewable, earth-abundant biomass endows these materials with cost-effectiveness, diversity, and modulable chemical properties. To fully exploit the application potential in biomass-derived flexible carbon architectures, understanding the latest advancements and the comprehensive foundation behind their synthesis assumes significance. This review delves into the comprehensive analysis of biomass feedstocks and methods employed in the synthesis of flexible self-supporting carbon electrodes. Subsequently, the advancements in their application in energy storage devices are elucidated. Finally, an outlook on the potential of flexible carbon architectures and the challenges they face is provided.

Fe2O3/TiO2/reduced graphene oxide-driven recycled visible-photocatalytic Fenton reactions to mineralize organic pollutants in a wide pH range.

Photocatalytic Fenton reactions combined the advantages from both photocatalysis and Fenton reaction in mineralizing organic pollutants. The key problems are the efficiency and recycling stability. Herein, we reported a novel Fe2O3/TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (FTG) nanocomposite synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The TiO2 in FTG degraded organic pollutants and mineralized intermediates via photocatalysis under visible light irradiation, which could also promote Fenton reaction by accelerating Fe3+-Fe2+ recycle. Meanwhile, the Fe2O3 rapidly degraded organic pollutants via Fenton reactions, which also promoted photocatalysis by enhancing visible light absorbance and diminishing photoelectron-hole recombination. The high distribution of TiO2 and Fe2O3 on rGO, together with their strong interaction resulted in enhanced synergetic cooperation between photocatalysis and Fenton reactions, leading to the high mineralization efficiency of organic pollutants. More importantly, it could also inhibit the leaching of Fe species, leading to the long lifetime of FTG during photocatalytic Fenton reactions in a wide pH range from 3.4 to 9.2.

Posterior unilateral exposure and stability reconstruction with pedicle and lamina screw fixation for the cervical dumbbell tumorectomy: a case report and biomechanical study.

PURPOSE: Cervical dumbbell tumor is usually removed via a posterior approach and may require the spinal fixation sometimes. However, the present surgical methods involved either more trauma or a higher risk of instability of the cervical spine. A new technique of unilateral exposure and stability reconstruction with pedicle and lamina screws fixation for posterior cervical dumbbell tumorectomy was described and compared with conventional techniques. METHODS: Posterior unilateral exposure, hemi-laminectomy and facetectomy were performed in one patient with the cervical dumbbell tumor between C3 and C4. The stability was reconstructed by the unilateral pedicle and lamina screws fixation (UPLS), and a strip of shaped allograft bone was also implanted between the superior and inferior lateral mass. Biomechanical stability test of this new technique was investigated using seven fresh-frozen human cervical spine specimens (C4-C7) and compared with unilateral pedicle screw (UPS) and bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPS) techniques. A continuous pure moment of ± 2.0 Nm was applied to the specimen in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. RESULTS: The cervical dumbbell tumor was removed completely, and bone fusion with continuous bone trabecula was maintained in the patient on the final follow-up examination at 18 months postoperatively. Biomechanical stability tests revealed that the range of motion of the UPLS fixation plus graft bone implant was the same as the BPS fixation in flexion (1.8°vs. 1.5°, p = 0.58) and extension (2.3°vs. 2.2°, p = 0.73), but significantly bigger in lateral bending (3.9° vs. 1.0°, p < 0.001) and axial rotation (6.8° vs. 3.8°, p = 0.002), which were significantly smaller than the UPS fixation in all directions (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of cervical dumbbell tumor, posterior unilateral exposure and stability reconstruction with pedicle and lamina screws fixation following hemi-laminectomy and facetectomy appear to be a more stable and lesser trauma technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.

miR-34 regulates larval growth and wing morphogenesis by directly modulating ecdysone signalling and cuticle protein in Bombyx mori.

microRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate the myriad biological activities by targeting genes, and many studies showed that miRNAs played a pivotal role in insect development. Here, we find that Bm-miRNA (miR-34) controls larval growth and wing morphology by targeting BmE74 and BmCPG4. Overexpression of miR-34 in the whole body caused a smaller body size, partially displays deformed wings and venation defects in adults. Ablation of miR-34 by transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 technology resulted in a severe developmental delay during the larval stage. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-34 directly targeted BmE74 and BmCPG4 by using a dual luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells. Remarkably, loss-of-function of BmCPG4 caused wing defects, which was similar to the phenotype of miR-34 overexpression in animals. In addition, our analysis revealed that ecdysone strongly inhibited miR-34 expression in vivo. Taken together, our study identifies miR-34 as a modulator that regulates larval growth and wing morphogenesis by directly modulating ecdysone signalling and cuticle protein in Bombyx mori.

Resources utilisation and economic burden of percutaneous vertebroplasty or percutaneous kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in China: a retrospective claim database study.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) is a common and often debilitating complication of osteoporosis, leading to significant morbidity and increased mortality. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are recommendable surgical treatments for OVCF. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate PVP/PKP utilisation and their related direct medical costs for OVCF treatment in China from the payer perspective. METHODS: A population-based medical claims database of a metropolitan city in China was analysed from the payer perspective, which included all inpatient claims from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2017. All vertebral fractures patients that met the eligibility criteria (aged ≥50 years old, having vertebral fracture diagnosis, without unrelated diseases diagnoses such as tumour and scoliosis, received PVP/PKP) were deemed as OVCF patients. Baseline characteristics, surgery rate, length of stay in hospital, time to re-surgery, and costs (including costs per hospitalisation and annual costs) were described. Survival analysis function was used to estimate the re-surgery rate. RESULTS: Of the 50,686 patients with OVCF identified, 14,527 (28.66%) received a total number of 15,599 records of PVP/PKP surgeries from 2015 to 2017. Mean age was 75 at the first surgery captured in the database analysis period; females accounted for 79.54% of all cases. The median length of surgery stay was 9 days. Cumulative re-surgery rates were 1.22% in 30 days, 2.58% in 90 days, 3.61% in 183 days, 5.42% in 1 year, and 7.95% in 2 years. There was no significant difference in re-surgery rate between PVP and PKP (p = 0.3897). The median time to the re-surgery was 139 days. Mean costs per PVP/PKP-related hospitalisation were 35,906 CNY/5122 USD (34,195 CNY/4878USD for PVP, 44,414 CNY/6336 USD for PKP, p < 0.01). The overall costs of hospitalisation averaged 186.61 million CNY (26.62 million USD) per year in this metropolitan city. CONCLUSION: From 2015 to 2017, nearly one-third of OVCF inpatients received PVP/PKP and the re-surgery rate was 7.95%. PVP/PKP procedures for OVCF place a high economic burden for both the healthcare system and patients. Early detection and treatment of patients with osteoporosis are critical in China.

Postoperative comparison of laparoscopic radical resection and open abdominal radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer patient.

PURPOSE: There are limited data regarding postoperative complications and autoimmune reactions caused by surgery in early-stage cervical cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection (LRR). This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of LRR of cervical cancer patients and its effect on cytokines. METHODS: 168 patients with cervical cancer were enrolled. The patients were divided into open group and laparoscopic group according to the random number table method, with 84 cases in each group. The surgical-related indexes and the incidence of complications of the two groups were observed, and the IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-1/2/4/6/8/10/12 levels in peripheral blood were compared before and after surgery in both groups. RESULTS: The operation time of the patients in the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than that in the open group (119.56 ± 45.26 vs. 206.36 ± 54.39, P < 0.01). The intraoperative blood loss in the laparoscopic group was significantly less than that in the open group (155.29 ± 57.58 vs. 529.58 ± 162.4, P < 0.01). The postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score was also significantly lower than that in the open group (3.65 ± 0.88 vs. 6.32 ± 1.12, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. The degree of inflammatory cytokines changes caused by LRR was less than that of open radical surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LRR surgery has less stress on patients with early cervical cancer than open surgery within 5 days after surgery, which has certain reference value for early cervical cancer treatment.

Analysis of pregnancy outcome after anastomosis of oviduct and its influencing factors.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of pregnancy after laparoscopic oviduct anastomosis. METHODS: The data of 156 cases of laparoscopic oviduct anastomosis in our hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate decreased with age (P < 0.005). The pregnancy rate after six years of anastomosis was higher in those with ligation (P < 0.005). The postoperative pregnancy rate significantly increased in subjects with oviduct lengths of > 7 cm (P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate of isthmus end-to-end anastomosis was higher (P < 0.005). The pregnancy rate after bilateral tubal recanalization was higher than that after unilateral tubal recanalization (P < 0.005). The pregnancy rate after laparoscopic tubal ligation and laparoscopic anastomosis was higher than that of open tubal ligation and laparoscopic anastomosis (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The pregnancy rate after laparoscopic oviduct anastomosis is higher in subjects below 35 years old, with a ligation duration of < 6 years, and a length of oviduct of > 7 cm, and those who underwent isthmus anastomosis and laparoscopic oviduct ligation and recanalization.