In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the structure and dissociation of interfacial water.

Understanding the structure and dynamic process of water at the solid-liquid interface is an extremely important topic in surface science, energy science and catalysis1-3. As model catalysts, atomically flat single-crystal electrodes exhibit well-defined surface and electric field properties, and therefore may be used to elucidate the relationship between structure and electrocatalytic activity at the atomic level4,5. Hence, studying interfacial water behaviour on single-crystal surfaces provides a framework for understanding electrocatalysis6,7. However, interfacial water is notoriously difficult to probe owing to interference from bulk water and the complexity of interfacial environments8. Here, we use electrochemical, in situ Raman spectroscopic and computational techniques to investigate the interfacial water on atomically flat Pd single-crystal surfaces. Direct spectral evidence reveals that interfacial water consists of hydrogen-bonded and hydrated Na+ ion water. At hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potentials, dynamic changes in the structure of interfacial water were observed from a random distribution to an ordered structure due to bias potential and Na+ ion cooperation. Structurally ordered interfacial water facilitated high-efficiency electron transfer across the interface, resulting in higher HER rates. The electrolytes and electrode surface effects on interfacial water were also probed and found to affect water structure. Therefore, through local cation tuning strategies, we anticipate that these results may be generalized to enable ordered interfacial water to improve electrocatalytic reaction rates.

Too anthropomorphized to keep distance: The role of social psychological distance on meat inclinations.

Keeping a distance from food animals helps alleviate moral conflicts associated with meat consumption. Prior research on the 'meat paradox' has shown that physical distance from animals reduces negative emotional responses when consuming meat. However, even with physical distance, the presence of animals in meat advertisements and packaging can establish psychological contact. The impact of psychological distance on meat consumption and purchase inclinations has not been well explored. Through four experiments, we discovered that animal anthropomorphism psychologically brings consumers closer to food animals, resulting in reduced intentions to consume and purchase meat. Anthropomorphized animal images notably reduced social psychological distance for consumers with moderate to high (vs. lower) levels of anthropomorphic tendencies. Furthermore, the effect of anthropomorphism was influenced by moral self-efficacy. Specifically, when social psychological distance was reduced, consumers with higher (vs. lower) moral self-efficacy exhibited a significant decrease in their willingness to consume and purchase meat. These findings expand our understanding of the role of anthropomorphism in meat marketing, its limitations, and offer insights for sales strategies. Additionally, the research could inform public health policies on meat consumption, addressing environmental and ethical concerns tied to meat production amid growing worries about animal welfare.

Advantages of single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy for palpable undescended testes in children: a prospective comparison study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy for palpable undescended testes in children. METHODS: We prospectively studied patients with undescended testes between July 2021 and June 2022. In total, 223 patients were included in our study: 105 underwent single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy and 118 underwent conventional laparoscopic orchiopexy. During single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy, 3 ports were inserted within the umbilicus. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the groups in terms of age and laterality. For unilateral undescended testes, the operating time was longer in the single site group than in the conventional group at the early stages (55.31 ± 12.04 min vs. 48.14 ± 14.39 min, P = 0.007), but it was similar to the conventional group at the later stages (48.82 ± 13.49 min vs. 48.14 ± 14.39 min, P = 0.78). Testicular ascent occurred in one patient from each group. There was no significant difference in the success rate between the single-site group and the conventional group (99.0% vs. 99.2%, P = 0.93). In the single-site group, no visible abdominal scarring was observed, while in the conventional group, there were two noticeable scars on the abdomen. CONCLUSION: Single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy offers superior cosmetic results and comparable success rates compared to conventional laparoscopic orchiopexy for palpable undescended testes.

Fast Lithium Ion Transport Pathways Constructed by Two-Dimensional Boron Nitride Nanoflakes in Quasi-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte.

Quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) are gaining huge popularity because of their significantly improved safety performance over nonaqueous liquid electrolytes and superior process adaptability over all-solid-state electrolytes. However, because of the existence of liquid molecules, QSSEs typically have low lithium ion transference numbers and compromised thermal stability. In this work, we present the fabrication of a well-rounded QSSE by introducing hexagonal boron nitride nanoflakes (BNNFs) as an inorganic filler in a poly(vinylene carbonate) matrix. BNNFs, in contrast to most inorganic fillers used as anion trappers, are used to build fast lithium ion transport pathways directly on their two-dimensional surfaces. We confirm the attractive coupling between lithium ions and BNNFs, and we confirm that with the help of BNNFs, lithium ions can migrate with less damping and a lower transport energy barrier. As a result, the designed electrolyte exhibits good ion transportability, promoted fire retardancy, and good compatibility with lithium metal anodes and commercial cathodes.

Tailoring Fluorescence-Phosphorescence Emission with a Single Nanocavity.

Realizing the dual emission of fluorescence-phosphorescence in a single system is an extremely important topic in the fields of biological imaging, sensing, and information encryption. However, the phosphorescence process is usually in an inherently "dark state" at room temperature due to the involvement of spin-forbidden transition and the rapid non-radiative decay rate of the triplet state. In this work, we achieved luminescent harvesting of the dark phosphorescence processes by coupling singlet-triplet molecular emitters with a rationally designed plasmonic cavity. The achieved Purcell enhancement effect of over 1000-fold allows for overcoming the triplet forbidden transitions, enabling radiation enhancement with selectable emission wavelengths. Spectral results and theoretical simulations indicate that the fluorescence-phosphorescence peak position can be intelligently tailored in a broad range of wavelengths, from visible to near-infrared. Our study sheds new light on plasmonic tailoring of molecular emission behavior, which is crucial for advancing research on plasmon-tailored fluorescence-phosphorescence spectroscopy in optoelectronics and biomedicine.

Substrate-mediated plasmon hybridization toward high-performance light trapping.

High-performance light trapping in metamaterials and metasurfaces offers prospects for the integration of multifunctional photonic components at subwavelength scales. However, constructing these nanodevices with reduced optical losses remains an open challenge in nanophotonics. Herein, we design and fabricate aluminum-shell-dielectric gratings by integrating low-loss aluminum materials with metal-dielectric-metal designs for high-performance light trapping featuring nearly perfect light absorption with broadband and large angular tuning ranges. The mechanism governing these phenomena is identified as the occurrence of substrate-mediated plasmon hybridization that allows energy trapping and redistribution in engineered substrates. Furthermore, we strive to develop an ultrasensitive nonlinear optical method, namely, plasmon-enhanced second-harmonic generation (PESHG), to quantify the energy transfer from metal to dielectric components. Our studies may provide a mechanism for expanding the potential of aluminum-based systems in practical applications.

Multi-band optical resonance of all-dielectric metasurfaces toward high-performance ultraviolet sensing.

All-dielectric sensors featuring low-loss resonances have been proposed instead of plasmonic-based sensors. However, reported dielectric-based sensors generally work in the visible and near-infrared regions and detect the intensity variation of resonant modes because the electromagnetic energy is mainly confined inside dielectric nanoparticles. It is a challenge to adjust the hotspots from the inside to the surface of the all-dielectric metasurface. In this study, highly uniform Si3N4 all-dielectric metasurfaces have been successfully fabricated as sensing platforms by utilizing nanosphere self-assembly and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition techniques. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate that proposed Si3N4 all-dielectric metasurfaces exhibit multiple optical resonant modes in the ultraviolet and visible wavelength and present distinct field-confinement in the gaps of nanoparticles. The hotspots have been successfully adjusted to the surface of Si3N4 nanoparticles. Delightedly, Si3N4 all-dielectric metasurfaces show characteristic wavelength shifts with variation of the refractive index, and the sensitivity can reach 707 nm per RIU for trace detection as sensing substrates. Proposed Si3N4 all-dielectric metasurfaces are promising to act as high-sensitive sensing substrates in the ultraviolet and visible wavelength with the ease of high-throughput fabrication.

Clinical characteristics and long-term management of prepubertal testicular teratomas: a retrospective, multicenter study.

Prepubertal testicular teratomas are rare tumors with limited practical guidance for their management. This study aimed to analyze a large multicenter database to establish the optimal management of testicular teratomas. We retrospectively collected data on testicular teratomas in children younger than 12 years who underwent surgery without postoperative chemotherapy in three large professional children's institutions in China between 2007 and 2021. The biological behavior and long-term outcomes of testicular teratomas were analyzed. In total, 487 children (with 393 mature teratomas and 94 immature teratomas) were included. Among mature teratomas, 375 cases were testis-sparing, 18 were orchiectomies, 346 were operated through the scrotal approach, and 47 underwent the inguinal approach. The median follow-up period was 70 months, and no recurrence or testicular atrophy was observed. Among the children with immature teratomas, 54 underwent testis-sparing surgery, 40 underwent orchiectomy, 43 were operated through the scrotal approach, and 51 were operated through the inguinal approach. Two cases of immature teratomas with cryptorchidism had local recurrence or metastasis within 1 year of the operation. The median follow-up duration was 76 months. No other patients had recurrence, metastasis, or testicular atrophy.  Conclusion: Testicular-sparing surgery is the first treatment choice for prepubertal testicular teratomas, with the scrotal approach being a safe and well-tolerated strategy for these diseases. Additionally, patients with immature teratomas and cryptorchidism may have tumor recurrence or metastasis after surgery. Therefore, these patients should be closely followed up in the first year after surgery. What is Known: • There is a fundamental difference between testicular tumours in childhood and those in adulthood - not only in terms of the difference and incidence but also in terms of histology. • For surgical techniques, the inguinal approach is recommended for the treatment of testicular teratomas in children. What is New: • The scrotal approach being a safe and well-tolerated strategy for testicular teratomas in children. • Patients with immature teratomas and cryptorchidism may have tumor recurrence or metastasis after surgery. These patients should be closely followed up in the first year after surgery.

Three-Dimensional Fe Single-Atom Catalyst for High-Performance Cathode of Zn-Air Batteries.

Designing cost-effective and highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is critical for the development of Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts with single-atom Fe-Nx active sites are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to noble Pt but are hindered by unsatisfactory activity and durability. Herein, a NaCl template-assisted in situ pyrolysis technique is utilized to massively fabricate Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts (SACs) anchored on the three-dimensional open-pore carbon networks (denoted as 3D SAFe). The 3D SAFe catalyst exhibits ultrahigh activity with a half-wave potential of 0.90 V (vs RHE), benefiting from the enhanced mass diffusion and the increased amount of effective Fe-N4 sites. Consequently, the ZABs assembled with 3D SAFe deliver high peak power density up to 156 mW cm-2 and outstanding durability of 80 h, suggesting the application potential of the 3D SAFe catalyst. This work inspires the rational design and synthesis of highly efficient SACs for ZABs.

Tailoring Topological Transitions of Anisotropic Polaritons by Interface Engineering in Biaxial Crystals.

Polaritons in polar biaxial crystals with extreme anisotropy offer a promising route to manipulate nanoscale light-matter interactions. The dynamic modulation of their dispersion is of great significance for future integrated nano-optics but remains challenging. Here, we report tunable topological transitions in biaxial crystals enabled by interface engineering. We theoretically demonstrate such tailored polaritons at the interface of heterostructures between graphene and α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3). The interlayer coupling can be modulated by both the stack of graphene and α-MoO3 and the magnitude of the Fermi level in graphene enabling a dynamic topological transition. More interestingly, we found that the wavefront transition occurs at a constant Fermi level when the thickness of α-MoO3 is tuned. Furthermore, we also experimentally verify the hybrid polaritons in the graphene/α-MoO3 heterostructure with different thicknesses of α-MoO3. The interface engineering offers new insights into optical topological transitions, which may shed new light on programmable polaritonics, energy transfer, and neuromorphic photonics.

Theory and Applications of Nitroxide-based Paramagnetic Cosolutes for Probing Intermolecular and Electrostatic Interactions on Protein Surfaces.

Solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (sPRE) arising from nitroxide-based cosolutes has recently been used to provide an atomic view of cosolute-induced protein denaturation and to characterize residue-specific effective near-surface electrostatic potentials (ϕENS). Here, we explore distinct properties of the sPRE arising from nitroxide-based cosolutes and provide new insights into the interpretation of the sPRE and sPRE-derived ϕENS. We show that: (a) the longitudinal sPRE rate Γ1 is heavily dependent on spectrometer field and viscosity, while the transverse sPRE rate Γ2 is much less so; (b) the spectral density J(0) is proportional to the inverse of the relative translational diffusion constant and is related to the quantity ⟨r-4⟩norm, a concentration-normalized equilibrium average of the electron-proton interspin separation; and (c) attractive intermolecular interactions result in a shortening of the residue-specific effective correlation time for the electron-proton vector. We discuss four different approaches for evaluating ϕENS based on Γ2, J(0), Γ1, or ⟨r-6⟩norm. The latter is evaluated from the magnetic field dependence of Γ1 in conjunction with Γ2. Long-range interactions dominate J(0) and Γ2, while, at high magnetic fields, the contribution of short-range interactions becomes significant for J(ω) and hence Γ1; the four ϕENS quantities enable one to probe both long- and short-range electrostatic interactions. The experimental ϕENS potentials were evaluated using three model protein systems, two folded (ubiquitin and native drkN SH3) and one intrinsically disordered (unfolded state of drkN SH3), in relation to theoretical ϕENS potentials calculated from atomic coordinates using the Poisson-Boltzmann theory with either a r-6 or r-4 dependence.

Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence.

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aims to promote higher sensitivity and obtain better detection limit. The core-shell nanostructures, owing to unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enabling distance-dependent strong localized electromagnetic field, have attracted rising attention in enhanced ECL research and application. However, the present structures usually with porous shell involve electrocatalytic activity from the metal core and adsorption effect from the shell, which interfere with practical SPR enhancement contribution to ECL signal. Herein, to exclude the interference and unveil exact SPR-enhanced effect, shell-isolated nanoparticles (SHINs) whose shell gets thicker and becomes pinhole-free are developed by modifying pH value and particles concentration. Furthermore, allowing for the distribution of hotspots and stronger enhancement, excitation intensity and ECL reaction layer thickness are mainly investigated, and several types of SHINs-enhanced ECL platforms are prepared to fabricate distinct hotspot distribution via electrostatic attraction (submonolayer) and a layer-by-layer deposition method (monolayer). Consequently, the strongest enhancement up to ≈250-fold is achieved by monolayer SHINs with 10 nm shell, and the platform is applied in a "turn-off" mode sensing for dopamine. The platform provides new guidelines to shell preparation, interface engineering and hotspots fabrication for superior ECL enhancement and analytical application with high performance.

Nonlinear light amplification via 3D plasmonic nanocavities.

Plasmonic nanocavities offer prospects for the amplification of inherently weak nonlinear responses at subwavelength scales. However, constructing these nanocavities with tunable modal volumes and reduced optical losses remains an open challenge in the development of nonlinear nanophotonics. Herein, we design and fabricate three-dimensional (3D) metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) plasmonic nanocavities that are capable of amplifying second-harmonic lights by up to three orders of magnitude with respect to dielectric-metal counterparts. In combination with experimental estimations of quantitative contributions of constituent parts in proposed 3D MDM designs, we further theoretically disclose the mechanism governing this signal amplification. We discover that this phenomenon can be attributed to the plasmon hybridization of both dipolar plasmon resonances and gap cavity resonances, such that an energy exchange channel can be attained and helps expand modal volumes while maintaining strong field localizations. Our results may advance the understanding of efficient nonlinear harmonic generations in 3D plasmonic nanostructures.

Giant 2D-chiroptical response in an achiral metasurface integrated with black phosphorus.

In this work, we proposed a black phosphorus (BP) achiral metasurface and theoretically study the chiroptical response arising from extrinsic 2D-chirality in the mid-infrared regime. The achiral metasurface is composed of a monolayer BP sheet sandwiched by a silver ring array and dielectric spacer stacking on a silver substrate. The giant circular conversion dichroism (CCD) of the achiral metasurface is allowed at oblique incidence for the cooperative interaction of BP anisotropic surface plasmon modes and localized surface plasmons in metal rings, and the integrated BP can dynamically modulate the chiroptical response by controlling the doping concentration of BP. Furthermore, we found that a multiband phenomenon for CCD response occurs when tuning the thickness of the spacer. The proposed hybrid achiral metasurface provides more flexible opportunities to realize active polarization modulator, biosensor and chiral detection.

Single-stage versus staged interposition urethroplasty for glandular hypospadias with severe penile curvature: 15-year experience.

PURPOSE: Our study examined the benefit of an alternative interposition urethroplasty (IU) procedure for glandular hypospadias (GH) with severe penile curvature (SPC). The technique involved transecting and reconstructing the urethra to preserve the distal glandular and coronal urethra and correct the curvature. We compared procedural characteristics, outcomes, and surgical complications for the single-stage and staged IU techniques. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 44 patients with GH with SPC who underwent single-stage or staged IU between March 2005 and June 2020. Demographics, operative details, complications, and uroflometry findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age at initial surgery was 37.5 months. Ten patients underwent single-stage IU repair, and 34 patients underwent staged IU repair. The median length of the interposition neourethra was 3.2 cm (2.2-4.3). The median follow-up duration was 58 months, and the overall complication rate was 13.6%. Complications were noted in 30% (3/10) and 8.8% (3/34) of patients in the single-stage and staged IU groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Fistula formation was noted in one and three patients in the single-stage and staged groups, respectively (8.8% vs. 10%, p > 0.05). Two cases of urethral stricture were documented in the single-stage group only. No chordee recurrence or urethral diverticula was noted in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: IU is a reliable and durable technique for GH with SPC. It avoided penile shortening, preserved the distal urethra, and reduced the risk of chordee recurrence. The staged IU technique had more superior outcomes compared to the single-stage IU technique.

Risk factors for postoperative complications in children with proximal hypospadias with severe chordee who underwent urethral plate transection.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the risk factors associated with developing complications after transection of the urethral plate for proximal hypospadias with severe chordee. METHODS: We used a prospective database to identify patients with proximal hypospadias and severe chordee who underwent transection of the urethral plate and primary hypospadias repair in 2011 and 2021. All patients underwent urethroplasty with a follow-up period of >12 months. The association between variables (age, surgical technique, length of urethral defect, and surgeon volume) and postoperative complications (fistulas, urethral strictures, diverticula and glans dehiscence) was analyzed. RESULTS: Altogether, 493 patients were included, of whom 133 (26.9%) had postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the preoperative proximal meatal position, one-stage repair, longer urethral defect length, and low surgeon volume were significant risk factors for postoperative complications with proximal hypospadias with severe chordee who underwent transection of the urethral plate. A urethral defect length of ≥4.55 cm was considered the best cutoff value for predicting postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative proximal meatal location, one-stage repair, longer urethral defect length, and low surgeon volume were associated with postoperative complications in patients with proximal hypospadias with severe chordee who underwent transection of the urethral plate. A urethral defect length of ≥4.55 cm was significantly associated with the development of complications.

Efficacy of one- and two-stage segment urethroplasty for severe chordee with congenital short urethra.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of segment urethroplasty to treat severe chordee with congenital short urethra and compared one-stage and two-stage segment urethroplasty. This procedure involved urethral transection to correct the chordee, and urethroplasty was performed to restore natural penile length. METHODS: We retrospectively studied a cohort of patients with severe chordee and congenital short urethra who underwent one- or two-stage segment urethroplasty at our institution between February 2006 and May 2020. We evaluated the efficacy of the procedures based on the incidence of complications. RESULTS: A total of 37 children were included in this study: 25 were treated with two-stage segment urethroplasty and 12 were treated with one-stage segment urethroplasty. The median length of neourethra in the one-stage repair group (3.21 cm) was similar to that in the two-stage repair group (3.23 cm; P > 0.05). Of the 37 patients, 32 (86.5%) were cured after urethroplasty. There were three patients with complications in the one-stage repair group (one urethral fistula and two urethral strictures) and two patients with fistula in the two-stage repair group. Among the five patients with complications, the three fistulas were successfully repaired through reoperation and the two urethral strictures were cured after urethral dilatation. No patient had diverticulum or recurrent chordee. CONCLUSIONS: Segment urethroplasty achieved satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of severe chordee with congenital short urethra. This can restore natural penile length, and the recurrence rate of severe chordee is low. The overall success rate of the two-stage procedure tends to be better than that of the one-stage procedure.

Single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal internal ring closure for paediatric inguinal hernia using a needle grasper.

BACKGROUND: Single-site laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure has been widely used for the repair of paediatric inguinal hernia. In this study, we aimed to introduce the usage of a needle grasper in single-port laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in children. METHODS: In our study, 447 children with inguinal hernia underwent single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure between October 2018 and October 2021 in Shenzhen Children' hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among 447 patients, there were 396 males and 51 females with a mean age of 2.24 ± 0.36 years. A contralateral patent processus vaginalis was present in 165 unilateral hernia patients. All patients underwent laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure successfully without converting to open operation. The mean operating time in unilateral and bilateral hernia patients were 10.23 ± 2.25 mine and 14.54 ± 2.81 mine respectively. One patient had subcutaneous emphysema, two male patients had inguinal hernia recurrence and none had complications such as hydrocele and testicular atrophy. Additional 0.3 cm port was done in 4 cases. The mean follow-up time was 22.36 ± 4.56 months. CONCLUSIONS: Single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure of paediatric inguinal hernia using a needle grasper is a feasible and safe procedure. It has the advantages of fewer skin surgical incisions, short operating time, low complication and low recurrence rate.

Self-Healing Nucleation Seeds Induced Long-Term Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode.

Seeded lithium (Li) nucleation has been considered as a promising strategy to achieve uniform Li deposition. However, problems of agglomeration and pulverization quickly invalidate the nucleation seeds, resulting in Li dendrite growth during repeated charge/discharge processes. Herein, liquid gallium-indium (GaIn) nanoparticles with structural self-healing properties are utilized to guide uniform metallic Li nucleation and deposition. Ultrafine GaIn nanoparticles (∼25 nm) uniformly decorated on the surface of carbon layers effectively homogenize the lithium-ion flux. After fully Li stripping, lithiophilic GaIn nanoparticles return to the liquid binary eutectic phase, thereby healing the deformed structure and enabling them to continuously guide dendrite-free Li deposition. Li metal anodes with such nucleation seeds exhibit nearly zero nucleation overpotential even after hundreds of cycles and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.03% for more than 400 cycles. The design of self-healing nucleation seeds provides important insights for obtaining high-performance lithium metal anodes.

Mechanistic insight into cost-effective dedicated oxidation of alkanes by inactivating soil organic matter with FeOOH formed in situ.

Modified Fenton technique has been widely used to remediate soils contaminated with crude oil but significantly limited to soil organic matter (SOM) consuming oxidants. In this study, soils with developed SOM inactivation by FeOOH formed in situ were created and spiked with crude oil (total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH): 19453 mg/kg), then treated by modified Fenton reagents. The reaction activity of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) relative to TPH (K) notably increased to 0.65 when the degree of developed inactivation of the SOM (ß) was 100% (DIS-100), which was 1.45, 2.03 and 2.83-fold than that of DIS-50, DIS-15 and control (CK), respectively. Meanwhile, the higher the K, the more •OH transferred, which realized the efficient oriented oxidation of TPH. Moreover, improving the transfer of •OH from SOM to TPH was more important than increasing •OH production in soil remediation. With the ß increasing to 100%, the ratio of invalid H2O2 decomposition to produce O2 decreased to 22%, equal to 25% reduction compared to CK. Therefore, when ß was 100%, the utilization efficiency of H2O2 was improved to 1.48 mg/mmol, which was approximately 1.39, 3.35 and 5.43-fold higher than the efficiency got by DIS-50, DIS-15 and CK, respectively, achieving the cost-effective dedicated oxidation of TPH. In addition, the FeOOH cross-linked with SOM via Fe-O-C and Fe-N bonds to develop inactivation of SOM. In general, this study highlighted a new insight into the effect of developed inactivation of SOM on soil remediation.