RESUMEN
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important post-transcriptional regulation that recognizes different polyadenylation signals (PASs), resulting in transcripts with different 3' untranslated regions, thereby influencing a series of biological processes and functions. Recent studies have revealed that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could contribute to tumorigenesis and development through dysregulating APA. However, the associations between SNPs and APA in human cancers remain largely unknown. Here, using genotype and APA data of 9082 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Cancer 3'UTR Altas (TC3A), we systematically identified SNPs affecting APA events across 32 cancer types and defined them as APA quantitative trait loci (apaQTLs). As a result, a total of 467 942 cis-apaQTLs and 30 721 trans-apaQTLs were identified. By integrating apaQTLs with survival and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, we further identified 2154 apaQTLs associated with patient survival time and 151 342 apaQTLs located in GWAS loci. In addition, we designed an online tool to predict the effects of SNPs on PASs by utilizing PAS motif prediction tool. Finally, we developed SNP2APA, a user-friendly and intuitive database (http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/SNP2APA/) for data browsing, searching, and downloading. SNP2APA will significantly improve our understanding of genetic variants and APA in human cancers.
Asunto(s)
Bases de Datos de Ácidos Nucleicos , Neoplasias/genética , Poliadenilación , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
A simple structure and easily fabricated displacement sensor was proposed and demonstrated based on a bending-induced fiber interferometer. In the design, the fiber interferometer was formed only by bending the single-mode fiber into a small U-shape without splicing, tapering, or heating pre-processing, which effectively reduces the complexity of the fabrication process, greatly enhances the mechanical strength of the sensor, and lowers the cost in the displacement sensing applications. The displacement sensing performances for the sensor with different bending radii of 3.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 5.0 mm, and 6.3 mm were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sensor had a good linear response, and for the bending radii of 3.3, 4.4, 5.0, and 6.3 mm, the proposed sensors showed high sensitivities of 134.3, 105.1, 120.9, and 144.1 pm/µm, respectively.
RESUMEN
We propose a plastic optical fiber (POF) with a multi-notched structure as a long-period grating for refractive index (RI) sensing. A new approach to modify the structure of POFs with enhanced RI sensitivity was carried out. The multi-notched structure was made on the surface of the fiber by pressing a thread rod against the POF. The RI sensing performances for straight and macro-bending (U-shaped) POFs with this structure were studied. It is found that the POF probes with straight multi-notched structures were not sensitive enough for RI measurements. After bending the multi-notched structure into U-shaped probes, the RI sensing performance was improved markedly. By altering the structural parameters, the RI sensing performance of the U-shaped POF probes with multi-notched structures were optimized, and the highest sensitivity of 1130%/RIU with a resolution of 8.44×10-4RIU in the RI range of 1.333-1.410 was obtained. In addition, the characteristic of the temperature dependence of the sensor was presented. The probe is a low-cost solution for RI sensing purpose, which has the features of simple structure, easy fabrication, compact size, and intensity modulation at visible wavelengths.