Physicochemical and biological characteristics of BMP-2/IGF-1-loaded three-dimensional coaxial electrospun fibrous membranes for bone defect repair.

Coaxial electrospun fibrous membranes show favorable mechanical properties for use in guided bone regeneration (GBR). We used coaxial electrospinning technology to fabricate three-dimensional nanofiber membranes loaded with BMP-2 and IGF-1, and assessed the physicochemical and biological properties of these novel membranes in vitro. We fabricated four experimental groups of BMP-2/IGF-1/BSA-loaded membranes with different flow ratios (shell/core). Membrane characteristics were assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. Physicochemical and drug release properties were evaluated based on contact angle, mechanical property testing, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ELISA. The membranes were seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) to estimate their biological properties based on cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The four membrane groups presented uniform diameters and core-shell structures. Acceleration of the shell solution flow rate increased the contact angle and mechanical properties of the fibrous membrane, while dual-factor addition did not impact fiber structure. Each drug-loaded membrane showed a gradually increasing release curve, with varying degrees of burst and sustained release. Compared to the other groups, the membranes with a core-shell flow ratio of 1:10 showed better drug-loading capacity and sustained release performance, higher biological properties and good barrier function. Optimal parameters were chosen based on the physical and chemical characteristics and biological properties of the membrane. Our results imply that the BMP-2/IGF-1/BSA-loaded coaxial electrospun fibrous membrane with optimum parameters is a suitable barrier membrane for GBR, and releases multiple factors promoting osteoconduction and osteoinduction.

Analysis of Bone Height Changes after Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Simultaneous and Delayed Placement of Dental Implants: A Clinical and Radiographic Study.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the changes of the vertical height of the maxillary sinus floor after augmentation with simultaneous and delayed placement of implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 38 patients with 76 implants were involved; vertical bone height of the sinus floor was radiographically measured at different stages including preoperation, immediately postsurgery, 6 and 12 months postsurgery, and 6 and 24 months postfunctional loading. RESULTS: Sinus augmentation significantly increased vertical bone height of the sinus floor for both the simultaneous and delayed groups. The survival rate was 100% in the simultaneous group and 95.46% in the delayed group. For simultaneous placement, the vertical bone height of the sinus floor at 6 and 12 months postsurgery was significantly less than that immediately postsurgery. For both groups, augmented bone height of the sinus floor showed significant decrease from 6 months to 24 months postfunctional loading. The mean value of final bone augmentation was 5.85 mm for simultaneous placement and 5.80 mm for delayed placements. CONCLUSION: Sinus augmentation with simultaneous and delayed placement of implants led to similar survival rates and bone augmentation. Resorption of augmentative bone was evident at 24 months postfunctional loading in both cases.

[Progress and prospect of applications of silk fibroin in construction of tissue engineering scaffold].

With the development of tissue engineering, a variety of forms of silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds has been applied to research of constructing variety of organization based on cells, which has become scientific focus in recent years. In this paper we introduced the source and structure of SF and the fabrication method of the scaffold, and also address the SF application progress in several relevant fields of tissue engineering, such as bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessel and nerves. Finally, we discuss the future leading prospect of the SF in order to provide reference for subsequent research.

Clinical efficacy of extra-short implant (4 mm) placed in posterior areas: a Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of 4 mm-extra-short implant (ESI) placement in severely atrophic posterior areas. METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang from January 1, 2010, until August 31, 2022, were searched to identify randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials related to ESI and standard implants (SI). An additional hand search of the references of included articles was also conducted. Meta-analyses were carried out with RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were included, involving six randomized controlled trials and five controlled clinical trials. The meta-analyses indicated that when implants were placed in the posterior area, the implant survival rate between ESI and SI did not significantly differ [RR=1.23, 95%CI (0.66, 2.27), P=0.52]. ESI resulted in significantly stable marginal bone level [MD=-0.16, 95%CI (-0.25,-0.07), P=0.000 7] and less biological complications [RR=0.34, 95%CI (0.19, 0.62), P=0.000 4] but more mechanical complications [RR=2.89, 95%CI (1.05, 7.92), P=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited evidence, ESI could achieve clinical outcomes similar to those of SI when the height of the posterior alveolar bone is less than 5 mm, with lower technical sensitivity and fewer postoperative clinical complications than SI. Due to insufficient evidence and limited sample size, further clinical trials are needed to verify the long-term efficacy of ESI.

A novel histopathological classification of implant periapical lesion: A systematic review and treatment decision tree.

BACKGROUND: Implant periapical lesion (IPL), as a peri-implant disease originating from implant apex, maintains coronal osseointegration in the early stage. With the understanding to IPL increasingly deepened, IPL classification based on different elements was proposed although there still lacks an overall classification system. This study, aiming to systematically integrate the available data published in the literature on IPL associated with histopathology, proposed a comprehensive classification framework and treatment decision tree for IPL. METHODS AND FINDINGS: English articles on the topic of "implant periapical lesion", "retrograde peri-implantitis" and "apical peri-implantitis" were searched on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from 1992 to 2021, and citation retrieval was performed for critical articles. Definite histopathology and radiology of IPL are indispensable criteria for including the article in the literature. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022378001). A total of 509 papers identified, 28 studies were included in this review. In only one retrospective study, 37 of 39 IPL were reported to be at the inflammatory or abscess stage. 27 cases (37 implants) were reported, including acute non-suppurative (1/37, developed to chronic granuloma), chronic granuloma (5/37), acute suppurated (2/37), chronic suppurated-fistulized (6/37), implant periapical cyst (21/37), poor bone healing (2/37), foreign body reaction (1/37). Antibiotics alone did not appear to be effective, and the consequence of surgical debridement required cautious interpretation because of the heterogeneity of lesion course and operation. Implant apicoectomy and marsupialization were predictable approaches in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: The diversiform nature of IPL in the case reports confirms the need for such histopathological classification, which may enhance the comparison and management of different category.

Dentulous versus edentulous mandibles: CBCT-based morphometric assessment of mandibular canal and alveolar bone.

Background: Precise preoperative knowledge of the mandibular canal (MC) variations and alveolar bone dimensions are vital elements for a successful dental implant. Thus, this study aimed to describe the three-dimensional morphology of the MC and alveolar bone dimensions, followed by a comparison of the variables in edentulous mandibular posterior sides with contralateral dentulous sides among adult Chinese individuals. Such variations were also studied in relation to gender and age. Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for the morphometric analysis of the MC and alveolar bone dimensions in this cross-sectional study that analyzed retrospectively gathered data. Records of 112 individuals (56 males and 56 females) who had one edentulous mandibular posterior side and one dentulous side were included in the analysis. The MC position, length (MCL), and diameter (MCD) along with superior bone height (SBH) and bone width (BW) of the alveolar bone ridge were assessed. Results: The MCD was lower at first (p = 0.016) and second (p = 0.079) molars on the edentulous sides. The SBH, BW1mm, and BW3mm were significantly lower on the edentulous than dentulous sides (p< 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the MC position or MCL and the incidence of bifid MC for dentulous and edentulous sides. Gender was a significant parameter for MCL, SBH, and BW, while no significant differences were observed in all variables on both sides in relation to age. Conclusions: The position of the MC remains relatively constant regardless of losing teeth or increasing age. However, the MC position and MCL show differences in relation to gender. Alveolar bone dimensions are highly affected by dentate status followed by gender. Therefore, such variations should be considered by surgeons for successful surgical procedures in the posterior mandible. Key words:Mandibular canal, Bifid mandibular canal, edentulous mandible, alveolar bone dimension.

Meta-analysis of application of autogenous dentin for alveolar ridge augmentation.

OBJECTIVES: This investigation aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of applying autogenous dentin (ATD) in alveolar ridge augmentation. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were electronically searched from January 1, 2010 to March 19, 2022 to identify clinical trials and cohort studies that employed ATD in alveolar ridge augmentation. The Cochrane Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were employed to assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, respectively. Data were analyzed via RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies were included, 5 of which compared ATD with autologous bone and 5 with deproteinized bovine bone matrix (DBBM). Meta-analysis indicated that ATD had preferable performance [MD=2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09, 2.93), P<0.000 1] in horizontal ridge augmentation compared with autologous bone but similar effect in vertical ridge augmentation [MD=-0.06, 95%CI (-0.21, 0.08), P=0.39] at 6 months after alveolar ridge augmentation. In terms of material absorption, ATD was significantly less than autologous bone or DBBM [MD=-0.59, 95%CI (-1.03, -0.15), P=0.008; MD=-0.63, 95%CI (-1.18, -0.07), P=0.03], but no significant difference in implant stability quotient and postoperative complications was observed [MD=-0.76, 95%CI (-3.04, 1.52), P=0.51; RR=1.01, 95%CI (0.33, 3.12), P=0.98]. CONCLUSIONS: ATD, as a bone grafted material for alveolar ridge augmentation, not only achieves similar or better bone incremental performance than autologous bone or DBBM but also has less absorption. However, further evidence from clinical trials with larger samples, higher quality, and longer follow-up period are needed to evaluate its superiority.

Biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of pure titanium surfaces coated with yttrium-doped hydroxyapatite.

The repair and regeneration of peri-implant soft tissues is essential for the long-term clinical successes of implants. Surface modification of implants using coatings is an effective approach to improving their biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. In this study, we introduced a novel implant material by modifying the surface of pure titanium (Ti). Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA doped with different concentrations of yttrium (Y) via layer by layer self-assembly method (LBL). Surface morphology, roughness, element composition, and hydrophilicity indicated that the coatings could improve the biological activity without significantly increasing surface roughness. We also examined its biocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) (proliferation, adhesion, morphology, spreading, and Type I collagen (Col-1) synthesis) and antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans. The modified coatings significantly enhanced the proliferative, adhesive, and spreading capacities of HGFs compared to the pure Ti substrate. Col-1 secretion by HGFs positively increased with increased Y doping and duration of cell cultivation, suggesting that the coatings may promote connective tissue formation. Furthermore, increased Y doping significantly reduced the number of adherent S. mutans. Thus, Y-doped HA coatings improve biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, suggesting they have high potential for improving the repair, regeneration, and integration of soft tissues on the surfaces of Ti implants.

Efficacy of a new oncolytic adenovirus armed with IL-13 against oral carcinoma models.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of traditional therapies for oral carcinoma (OC) is limited. Oncolytic adenovirus, a novel strategy of cancer therapy, shows potential use in OC treatment. However, its clinical application is limited by pre-existing neutralizing antibodies. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of a new modified adenovirus against OC in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multiple modified adenovirus (MMAD) armed with IL-13 (MMAD-IL-13) was constructed, and its effect on Cal-27 cells was examined. The potency of MMAD-IL-13 was examined in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro experiment, CCK-8 kit was used to determine the IC50 of MMAD-IL-3 in OC cell lines. For in vivo experiment, Cal-27 xenograft models were used to determine the antitumor effect of MMAD-IL-13. Apoptosis was measured in Cal-27 cells by Western blotting assay. Immunity response was detected in Cal-27 xenograft models 7 days after intratumoral injection with MMAD-IL-13. The potency of MMAD and MMAD-IL-13 was compared in Cal-27 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) models. RESULTS: MMAD-IL-13 was successfully constructed; the harvested virus could be replicated and they overexpressed human IL-13 in Cal-27 cells. Compared with MMAD, MMAD-IL-13 showed enhanced antitumor effect in vitro by inducing apoptosis and reducing percentage of M2 macrophages in tumor environment in vivo. MMAD-IL-13 also showed potent antitumor effect in Cal-27, SCC-4, and Tca8113 cells in vitro and in Cal-27 xenograft models in vivo. However, MMAD-IL13 did not harm normal human oral epithelial cells in vitro and exhibited no effect on body weight in Cal-27 xenograft models. In Cal-27 PBMC models, MMAD-IL-13 showed stronger antitumor effect than MMAD. CONCLUSION: A new oncolytic adenovirus carrying the human IL-13 gene was constructed. This virus effectively led to remission of tumor development and death of OC cells in vivo and in vitro, showing its potential as a clinical cancer therapy.

[Some recognition and thinking on the development of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

By confronting the opportunity and challenge of integrative Chinese and Western medicine (ICWM), in this paper, a comprehensive retrospective summary and preliminary discussion was given in aspects of the concept, historical background, acquired fruits, existing problems as well as the developing direction in the future and how to carry out academic researches of ICWM.

Relationship between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Microbiota and Cytokine Profile in Periodontal Host Homeostasis.

As potential biomarkers in periodontitis, microbiome, and cytokines have recently been extensively investigated, but combined analyses of the variations between the microbial structure and cytokine composition are rare. The present study aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the combined profile of microbiome and cytokines in individuals with or without periodontitis. The microbiome and cytokine composition in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 16 patients and 15 controls from Jishi Shan (Gansu, China) were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing and RayBio Quantibody Arrays. The results showed that a higher co-occurrence of genera in periodontitis group compared with the healthy group, as evaluated by Schoener's abundance-based co-occurrence index. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the GCF of the periodontitis group while interleukin (IL)-8 was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the GCF of the healthy group. The Mantel test revealed a significant concordance between cytokines and microbiota, in the healthy group (Mantel statistic r = 0.36, P ≤ 0.05) but not in the periodontitis group (Mantel statistic r = 0.013, P = 0.434). The results were further confirmed by the Procrustes test. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, osteoactivin, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a were significantly associated with bacterial composition at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels. CRP was also associated with bacterial composition at the species level. In conclusion, alterations in the polymicrobial community structure leads to disruption in the healthy correlation between cytokines and microbiomes. This dysbiosis between the microbiota and the immune response could be one of the major etiological mechanisms underlying periodontitis.

The fabrication of an ICA-SF/PLCL nanofibrous membrane by coaxial electrospinning and its effect on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo.

GBR is currently accepted as one of the most effective approaches for bone defect regeneration relating to dental implant. Icariin is the main active ingredient in the extraction of total flavonoids from the Chinese traditional herb Epimediumbrevicornum Maxim. In this study, ICA was successfully incorporated into the nanofibers barrier membrane (ICA-SF/PLCL) as osteoinduction factor by coaxial electrospinning and was released in a sustained and controlled manner. The entire release period included two stages: an initial burst stage (47.54 ± 0.06% on 5 d) and a decreasing and constant stage (82.09 ± 1.86% on 30 d). The membrane has good biocompatibility with BMMSCs anchored and significantly promoted its osteogenic activity. Moreover, in vivo experiment, bone defect covered by ICA-SF/PLCL membrane in rat cranium were statistically repaired compare to other groups. 12 weeks after implantation, in the test group, the new bone formation spread to cover most of the defect region with volume and density of approximately 15.95 ± 3.58 mm3 and 14.02 ± 0.93%. These results demonstrated that ICA-SF/PLCL nanofibrous membrane could be a promising barrier applicated for GBR.

[Effect of emodin on proliferation and cell cycle of human oral squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of emodin on proliferation and cell cycle distribution of human oral squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS: Cultured human oral squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µmol/L emodin for 24, 48 or 72 h, with the cells treated with 0.1% DMSO as control. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the changes in cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution, respectively. Western blotting was employed to analyze the changes in the expression levels of the cell cycle-related proteins CDK2, cyclin E and P21 after emodin treatment. RESULTS: Emodin significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of Tca8113 cells within 72 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and caused cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. Western blotting revealed that emodin treatment significantly lowered the expression levels of CDK2, cyclin E and P21 proteins in Tca8113 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Emodin can inhibit the proliferation of Tca8113 cells and affect their cell cycle distribution possibly by inhibiting the signaling pathways of cell cycle regulation.

[The capacity of proliferation and migration is higher in Tca8113 cells with up-regulated TNFSF14 expression].

OBJECTIVE: To construct a lentiviral vector carrying tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) gene, infect tongue cancer Tca8113 cells in vitro, and observe the effect on infected Tca8113 cells. METHODS: A lentiviral vector containing TNFSF14 gene was constructed and used to infect the Tca8113 cells. After selected by puromycin, the level of TNFSF14 mRNA in Tca8113 cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation activity and cell circle were determined respectively by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM). And the cell migration ability was measured by Transwell(TM) assay. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression of TNFSF14 mRNA increased in the infected cells. MTT assay and FCM showed TNFSF14 promoted the proliferation of Tca8113 cells. Transwell™ assay showed TNFSF14 boosted the migration ability of Tca8113 cells. CONCLUSION: The proliferation and migration would be enhanced in Tca8113 cells with over-expressed TNFSF14.

Effects of Naringin on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

This study is to explore the osteogenesis potential of the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) induced by naringin in vitro and in vitro. The results confirmed that 1 µM naringin performs the best effect and a collection of bone-related genes (RUNX2, COL1A2, OPN, and OCN) had significantly higher expression levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, a typical trabecular structure was observed in vivo, surrounded by a large amount of osteoblasts. These results demonstrated that naringin, at a concentration of 1 µM, can efficiently promote the proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs both in vitro and in vivo.

[Effects of Icariin promotion on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Icariin (ICA) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: An enzymatic digestion block was used in vitro to culture hPDLSCs, which were separated and purified by limited dilution cloning. The hPDLSCs were identified using cell-surface markers and cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA solution. The proliferation ability of these cells was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After staining with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteogenesis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteoblast-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Alizarin red staining was performed to measure the level of calcium deposition. The hPDLSCs were cocultured with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA and nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds in vivo before transplantation into subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. Osteogenic abilities were histochemically analyzed after 30 days of induction. RESULTS: The hPDLSCs were affected by 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA, and MTT assay showed that the proliferation of the groups treated with ICA in vitro was better than that of the control groups on the second day. The ALP activity of the treated hPDLSCs was significantly enhanced after cell culture for 3, 5, and 7 days. The gene expression of osteoblastic markers was also significantly enhanced after 7 days. The deposition of mineralization after incubation with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA increased compared with the control after cell culture for 14, 21, and 28 days. Furthermore, the bone expression of the treatment groups in vivo was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 ICA can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs in vitro and in vivo. ICA can effectively function as a bioactive growth factor in periodontal tissue engineering to replace traditional growth factors.

Effects of ginsenoside Rg-1 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ginsenoside Rg-1 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and to explore the possible application on the alveolar bone regeneration. METHODS: To determine the optimum concentration, the effects of ginsenoside Rg-1 ranging from 10 to 100 µmol/L were evaluated by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. Expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen alpha-2(I) chain, osteopontin, osteocalcin protein were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, a certain concentration (10 µmol/L) of the Rg-1 solution significantly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs (P<0.05). However, concentrations that exceeds 100 µmol/L led to cytotoxicity whereas concentrations below 10 nmol/L showed no significant effect as compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rg-1 can enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs at an optimal concentration of 10 µmol/L.

[Oral health status and its correlation with oral health knowledge among middle-aged people in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur].

OBJECTIVE: To provide basic data for the prevention of oral diseases in minorities by investigating the oral health status and behavior related to oral health knowledge of individuals aged 35 to 44 years in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur. METHODS: The caries and periodontal health of 445 individuals aged 35 to 44 years were examined according to the method and criterion prescribed by the World Health Organization and the Third National Oral Health Epidemiologic Investigation. A questionnaire survey on related oral health knowledge and behavior was conducted. RESULTS: The crown caries prevalence rate in Dongxiang, Baoan, and Yugur were 48.28%, 79.47%, and 67.11%, respectively; the root caries prevalence rates were 38.62%, 69.54%, and 42.95%, respectively. The rates of gum bleeding in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 86.90%, 90.07%, and 65.77%, respectively. The rates of dental calculus in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 99.31%, 100.00%, 99.33%, respectively, and the rates of periodontal bags were 68.97%, 67.55%, and 43.62%, respectively. Only 69.84% of the respondents brush their teeth every day; 94.90% of the respondents do not floss. Only 20.19% of the respondents contact a doctor for a toothache, and 42.23% of the respondents have never seen a dentist. CONCLUSION: Caries morbidity is high among the respondents aged 35 to 44 years from Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur. The periodontal health status and oral hygiene of the respondents are poor, and behavior related to oral health knowledge is insufficient. Thus, more attention must be provided to the prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases among middle-aged people in the area.

[Effect of berberine hydrochloride on the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from human periodontal ligament cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of berberine hydrochloride on the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from human periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) in vitro culture. METHODS: Periodontal ligament was isolated from extracted human premolars, and PDLC were cultured in vitro. PDLC were divided into two groups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and non-lipopolysaccharide (NLPS) group. Then in accordance with the final concentrations of berberine hydrochloride in cells culture medium (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 g/L), the groups were subdivided into LPS and NLPS control group, LPS1 and NLPS1 group, LPS2 and NLPS2 group, LPS3 and NLPS3 group. Cellular concentration of MCP-1 of each group was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The MCP-1 contents were not significantly different between the groups of NLPS1, NLPS2 and NLPS3 [(11.33 ± 0.16), (11.45 ± 0.53), (11.25 ± 0.14) ng/L, respectively] and the NLPS control group [(11.32 ± 0.35) ng/L] (P = 0.692, 0.568, 0.524). MCP-1 contents in the groups of LPS1, LPS2 and LPS3 [respectively (38.14 ± 5.34), (34.15 ± 3.36), (26.13 ± 2.12) ng/L] were significantly lower than in LPS control group [(58.42 ± 1.52) ng/L], P = 0.000, 0.000, P = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibitory effect of berberine hydrochloride on the activities of MCP-1 from PDLC was more significant when PDLC were stimulated with LPS and in a concentration-dependent manner.

[Effect of berberine hydrochloride on the expression of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in periodontal tissues in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of berberine hydrochloride on the expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in periodontal tissues in rat periodontitis model. METHODS: Based on the successful rat periodontitis model, the experimental rats were randomized into different groups followed by oral treatment with berberine hydrochloride for 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks and then the rats were sacrificed and analyzed. Pathological assay and HE staining were used to detect the general conditions and pathological changes of rat periodontal tissues. And immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in rats periodontitis model periodontal tissues. RESULTS: The levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the periodontitis tissues were significantly higher than that in the control group. Treatment with berberine hydrochloride decreased the levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in periodontitis tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, the general conditions and pathological changes in the control group and groups treated with berberine hydrochloride were much better than that in periodontitis groups. CONCLUSION: Berberine hydrochloride inhibited the expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in periodontal tissues in rats periodontitis model and promoted the regeneration of the periodontal tissues. This study suggested that berberine hydrochloride may have potential clinical application.