The mud-dwelling clam Meretrix petechialis secretes endogenously synthesized erythromycin.

Although lacking an adaptive immune system and often living in habitats with dense and diverse bacterial populations, marine invertebrates thrive in the presence of potentially challenging microbial pathogens. However, the mechanisms underlying this resistance remain largely unexplored and promise to reveal novel strategies of microbial resistance. Here, we provide evidence that a mud-dwelling clam, Meretrix petechialis, synthesizes, stores, and secretes the antibiotic erythromycin. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, immunocytochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA interference, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that this potent macrolide antimicrobial, thought to be synthesized only by microorganisms, is produced by specific mucus-rich cells beneath the clam's mantle epithelium, which interfaces directly with the bacteria-rich environment. The antibacterial activity was confirmed by bacteriostatic assay. Genetic, ontogenetic, phylogenetic and genomic evidence, including genotypic segregation ratios in a family of full siblings, gene expression in clam larvae, phylogenetic tree, and synteny conservation in the related genome region further revealed that the genes responsible for erythromycin production are of animal origin. The detection of this antibiotic in another clam species showed that the production of this macrolide is not exclusive to M. petechialis and may be a common strategy among marine invertebrates. The finding of erythromycin production by a marine invertebrate offers a striking example of convergent evolution in secondary metabolite synthesis between the animal and bacterial domains. These findings open the possibility of engineering-animal tissues for the localized production of an antibacterial secondary metabolite.

RHC genotyping in Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: The Rh blood group system is characterized by its complexity and polymorphism, encompassing 56 different antigens. Accurately predicting the presence of the C antigen using genotyping methods has been challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of various genotyping methods for predicting the Rh C and to identify a suitable method for the Chinese Han population. METHODS: In total, 317 donors, consisting 223 D+ (including 20 with the Del phenotype) and 94 D- were randomly selected. For RHC genotyping, 48C and 109bp insertion were detected on the Real-time PCR platform and -292 substitution was analyzed via restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Moreover, the promoter region of the RHCE gene was sequenced to search for other nucleotide substitutions between RHC and RHc. Agreement between prediction methods was evaluated using the Kappa statistic, and comparisons between methods were conducted via the χ2 test. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that the 48C allele, 109bp insertion, a specific pattern observed in RFLP results, and wild-type alleles of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in strong agreement with the Rh C, with Kappa coefficients exceeding 0.8. However, there were instances of false positives or false negatives (0.6% false negative rate for 109bp insertion and 5.4-8.2% false positive rates for other methods). The 109bp insertion method exhibited the highest accuracy in predicting the Rh C, at 99.4%, compared to other methods (P values≤0.001). Although no statistical differences were found among other methods for predicting Rh C (P values>0.05), the accuracies in descending order were 48C (94.6%) > rs586178 (92.7%) > rs4649082, rs2375313, rs2281179, rs2072933, rs2072932, and RFLP (92.4%) > rs2072931 (91.8%). CONCLUSIONS: None of the methods examined can independently and accurately predict the Rh C. However, the 109bp insertion test demonstrated the highest accuracy for predicting the Rh C in the Chinese Han population. Utilizing the 109bp insertion test in combination with other methods may enhance the accuracy of Rh C prediction.

Tuning Octahedron Sites of CoV2O4 via Cationic Competition for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Doping transition metal oxide spinels with metal ions represents a significant strategy for optimizing the electronic structure of electrocatalysts. Herein, a bimetallic Fe and Ru doping strategy to fine-tune the crystal structure of CoV2O4 spinel for highly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is presented performance. The incorporation of Fe and Ru is observed at octahedral sites within the CoV2O4 structure, effectively modulating the electronic configuration of Co. Density functional theory calculations have confirmed that Fe acts as a novel reactive site, replacing V. Additionally, the synergistic effect of Fe, Co, and Ru effectively optimizes the Gibbs free energy of the intermediate species, reduces the reaction energy barrier, and accelerates the kinetics toward OER. As expected, the best-performing CoVFe0.5Ru0.5O4 displays a low overpotential of 240 mV (@10 mA cm-2) and a remarkably low Tafel slope of 38.9 mV dec-1, surpassing that of commercial RuO2. Moreover, it demonstrates outstanding long-term durability lasting for 72 h. This study provides valuable insights for the design of highly active polymetallic spinel electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.

Methyltransferase 1 is required for nonhomologous end-joining repair and renders hepatocellular carcinoma resistant to radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Radiotherapy is an increasingly essential therapeutic strategy in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, resistance to radiotherapy is one of the primary obstacles to successful treatment outcomes. Hence, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and identify reliable biotargets that would be inhibited to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS: From a label-free quantitative proteome screening, we identified transfer RNA (tRNA; guanine- N [7]-) methyltransferase 1 (METTL1), a key enzyme for N7-methylguanosine (m 7 G) tRNA modification, as an essential driver for HCC cells radioresistance. We reveal that METTL1 promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and renders HCC cells resistant to ionizing radiation (IR) using loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL1-mediated m 7 G tRNA modification selectively regulates the translation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit or DNA ligase IV with higher frequencies of m 7 G-related codons after IR treatment, thereby resulting in the enhancement of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA DSB repair efficiency. Clinically, high METTL1 expression in tumor tissue is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in radiotherapy-treated patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that METTL1 is a critical enhancer for HCC cell NHEJ-based DNA repair following IR therapy. These findings give insight into the role of tRNA modification in messenger RNA translation control in HCC radioresistance.

Orbital Origin of the Intrinsic Planar Hall Effect.

Recent experiments reported an antisymmetric planar Hall effect, where the Hall current is odd in the in plane magnetic field and scales linearly with both electric and magnetic fields applied. Existing theories rely exclusively on a spin origin, which requires spin-orbit coupling to take effect. Here, we develop a general theory for the intrinsic planar Hall effect (IPHE), highlighting a previously unknown orbital mechanism and connecting it to a band geometric quantity-the anomalous orbital polarizability (AOP). Importantly, the orbital mechanism does not request spin-orbit coupling, so sizable IPHE can occur and is dominated by an orbital contribution in systems with weak spin-orbit coupling. Combined with first-principles calculations, we demonstrate our theory with quantitative evaluation for bulk materials TaSb_{2}, NbAs_{2}, and SrAs_{3}. We further show that AOP and its associated orbital IPHE can be greatly enhanced at topological band crossings, offering a new way to probe topological materials.

Orbital Magneto-Nonlinear Anomalous Hall Effect in Kagome Magnet Fe_{3}Sn_{2}.

It has been theoretically predicted that perturbation of the Berry curvature by electromagnetic fields gives rise to intrinsic nonlinear anomalous Hall effects that are independent of scattering. Two types of nonlinear anomalous Hall effects are expected. The electric nonlinear Hall effect has recently begun to receive attention, while very few studies are concerned with the magneto-nonlinear Hall effect. Here, we combine experiment and first-principles calculations to show that the kagome ferromagnet Fe_{3}Sn_{2} displays such a magneto-nonlinear Hall effect. By systematic field angular and temperature-dependent transport measurements, we unambiguously identify a large anomalous Hall current that is linear in both applied in-plane electric and magnetic fields, utilizing a unique in-plane configuration. We clarify its dominant orbital origin and connect it to the magneto-nonlinear Hall effect. The effect is governed by the intrinsic quantum geometric properties of Bloch electrons. Our results demonstrate the significance of the quantum geometry of electron wave functions from the orbital degree of freedom and open up a new direction in Hall transport effects.

Novel missense mutation c.797T>C (p.Met266Thr) gives rise to the rare B(A) phenotype in a Chinese family.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: B(A) phenotype is usually formed by nucleotide mutations in the ABO*B.01 allele, with their products exhibiting glycosyltransferases (GTs) A and B overlapping functionality. We herein report a B(A) allele found in a Chinese family. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The entire ABO genes of the probands, including flanking regulatory regions, were sequenced through PacBio third-generation long-read single-molecule real-time sequencing. 3D molecular models of the wild-type and mutant GTB were generated using the DynaMut web server. The effect of the mutation on the enzyme function was predicted by PROVEAN and PolyPhen2. The predictions of stability changes were performed using DynaMut and SNPeffect. RESULTS: Based on serological and sequencing features, we concluded the two probands as possible cases of the B(A) phenotype. Crystallization analysis showed that Thr266 substitution does not disrupt the hydrogen bonds. However, some changes in interatomic contacts, such as loss of ionic interactions and hydrophobic contacts, and addition of weak hydrogen bonds, may have affected protein stability to some extent. This mutation was predicted to have a benign effect on enzyme function and slightly reduce protein stability. CONCLUSION: The probands had the same novel B(A) allele with a c.797T>C (p.Met266Thr) mutation on the ABO*B.01 backbone.

First Reports of Cladosporium tenuissimum Causing Leaf spots on Hydrangea macrophylla in Anhui province in China.

Forever Summer Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a common flowering plant in the Yangtze River Valley area of China, and it is widely cultivated globally (Chen et al. 2015). In July 2023, H. macrophylla leaves exhibiting visible diseased lesions were reported in a nursery in Wuhu, Anhui Province, China. The incidence reached 40% in a 0.2 ha area. The primary disease symptom was multiple irregular necrotic spots (0.5 to 1 mm in diameter) appearing on the leaves. These spots on the leaves were faded yellow around the perimeter and grayish brown in the center.). 15 leaf samples were sterilized with 75% alcohol and rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, then transferred to antibiotic-added potato dextrose agar (PDA) for incubation at 27°C. The colonies were fluffy, flocculent, or hairy, dark green, gray-green to gray-brown in color, and spreading or protruding punctate with a colorless halo on PDA. The conidiophores were brown to dark brown, smooth or rough surface, mostly unbranched, clearly differentiated, erect or curved. The conidia displayed a light brown to brown hue, lemon shape, fusiform, elongated ellipsoid or others with obvious spore markings and spore umbilicus. Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal colonies on infected leaves of three collections separately (Braun et al. 2003) and the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), actin (ACT) genes and partial translation elongation factor-l-alpha (EF) were amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS1/4 (Yin et al. 2012), ACT-512F/ACT-783R and EF 1-728F/986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), respectively. DNA sequences of isolates were identical and deposited in GenBank (accession no. OR362754 for ITS, OR611929 for ACT and PP209106 for EF). The consensus sequences from ITS, EF and ACT showed 100%, 98.98% and 100% identical to Cladosporium strains (accession no. OQ186140.1, MT154169.1 and OL322092.1), respectively. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolates, hydrangeas were planted in 15-cm pots containing commercial potting mix (one plant/pot). Three healthy plants were inoculated at the five to eight leaf stage by spraying 50 µL of the isolate conidial suspension (4 × 106 spores/mL) on healthy leaves. Three plants treated with sterile distilled water were used as controls. After inoculation, all plants were placed in a humidity chamber (>95% relative humidity, 26°C) for 48 h and then transferred to a greenhouse at 22/27°C. All inoculated leaves exhibited symptoms similar to those observed in the nursery 10 days after inoculation, while no symptoms were observed for control leaves. The fungus was re-isolated and confirmed to be C. tenuissimum. Based on the above morphological characterization and molecular identification, the causal agent for this leaf spot disease was identified as C. tenuissimum. Although C. tenuissimum has been reported to cause disease on H. paniculata in northern China (Li et al.2021), this is the first time that C. tenuissimum has been found on H. macrophylla in southern China. This new disease of H. macrophylla caused by C. tenuissimum is a threat to urban greening and is worth further investigation.

Simultaneously Strengthening and Toughening All-Natural Structural Materials via 3D Nanofiber Network Interfacial Design.

Constructing structural materials from sustainable raw materials is considered an efficient way to reduce the potential threat posed by plastics. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding combining excellent mechanical and thermal properties, especially the balance of strength and toughness. Here, we report a 3D nanofiber network interfacial design strategy to strengthen and toughen all-natural structural materials simultaneously. The introduced protonated chitosan at the interface between the surface oxidized 3D nanonetwork of bacterial cellulose forms the interfacial interlocking structure of nanonetworks, achieving a robust physical connection and providing enough physical contact sites for chemical crosslinking. The obtained sustainable structural material successfully integrates excellent mechanical and thermal properties on the nanoscale of cellulose nanofibers, such as light weight, high strength, and superior thermal expansion coefficient. The relationship between structural design and comprehensive mechanical property improvement is analyzed in detail, providing a universal perspective to design sustainable high-performance structural materials from nanoscale building blocks.

Pan-genome of Citrullus genus highlights the extent of presence/absence variation during domestication and selection.

The rich genetic diversity in Citrullus lanatus and the other six species in the Citrullus genus provides important sources in watermelon breeding. Here, we present the Citrullus genus pan-genome based on the 400 Citrullus genus resequencing data, showing that 477 Mb contigs and 6249 protein-coding genes were absent in the Citrullus lanatus reference genome. In the Citrullus genus pan-genome, there are a total of 8795 (30.5%) genes that exhibit presence/absence variations (PAVs). Presence/absence variation (PAV) analysis showed that a lot of gene PAV were selected during the domestication and improvement, such as 53 favorable genes and 40 unfavorable genes were identified during the C. mucosospermus to C. lanatus landrace domestication. We also identified 661 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in the Citrullus genus pan-genome, which contains 90 RGAs (89 variable and 1 core gene) located on the pangenome additional contigs. By gene PAV-based GWAS, 8 gene presence/absence variations were found associated with flesh color. Finally, based on the results of gene PAV selection analysis between watermelon populations with different fruit colors, we identified four non-reference candidate genes associated with carotenoid accumulation, which had a significantly higher frequency in the white flesh. These results will provide an important source for watermelon breeding.

Mycobacteriophage Derived Lipoarabinomannan Binding Protein for Recognizing Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria.

Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) is one family of pathogens usually leading to nosocomial infections. Exploration of high-performance biological recognition agent plays a pivotal role for the development of point-of-care testing device and kit for detecting NTM. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) is a NTM which has been frequently applied as an alternative model for highly pathogenic mycobacteria. Herein, a recombinant tail protein derived from mycobacteriophage SWU1 infecting M. smegmatis was expressed with Escherichia coli system and noted as GP89. It shows a fist-like structure according to the results of homology modeling and ab initio modeling. It is confirmed as a lipoarabinomannan (LAM) binding protein, which can recognize studied NTM genus since abundant LAM constructed with d-mannan and d-arabinan is distributed over the mycobacterial surface. Meanwhile an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-fused GP89 protein was acquired with a fusion expression technique. Then GP89 and eGFP-fused GP89 were applied to establish a sensitive and rapid method for fluorescent detection of M. smegmatis with a broad linear range of 1.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 106 CFU mL-1 and a low detection limit of 69 CFU mL-1. Rapid and reliable testing of antimicrobial susceptibility was achieved by the GP89-based fluorescent method. The present work provides a promising recognition agent for studied NTM and opens an avenue for clinical diagnosis of NTM-induced infections.

Employment of the Phage Cocktail as a Species-Specific Recognition Agent for Wide-Spectrum Detection of Bacterial Strains.

Phages have already been employed to detect bacteria because of their specific recognition capability and strong infectious activity toward their host. However, the reported single-phage-based techniques are inevitably restricted by false negative results that arose from extremely high strain specificity of phages. In this study, a cocktail composed of three Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) phages was prepared as a recognition agent to broaden the recognition spectrum for detecting this bacterial species. A total of 155 clinically isolated strains of K. pneumoniae collected from four hospitals were adopted to test its recognition spectrum. A superior recognition rate of 91.6% for the strains was achieved due to the complementarity of the recognition spectra of the three phages composed of the cocktail. However, the recognition rate is as low as 42.3-62.2% if a single phage is employed. Based on the wide-spectrum recognition capability of the phage cocktail, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer method was established for detecting K. pneumoniae strains by employing fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled to the phage cocktail and Au nanoparticles labeled to p-mercaptophenylboronic acid as energy donors and acceptors, respectively. The detection process can be completed within 35 min, with a wide dynamic range of 5.0 × 102-1.0 × 107 CFU/mL. The application potential was verified by applying it to quantitate K. pneumoniae in different sample matrixes. This pioneer work opens an avenue for achieving wide-spectrum detection of different strains belonging to the same bacterial species with the phage cocktail.

Exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensin II stimulation provoke hypertrophy and autophagy inhibition in cardiomyocytes.

Although accumulating evidence has revealed that autophagy inhibition contributes to the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, the mechanisms leading to declined autophagy activity in the hypertrophic heart remain to be elucidated. Exosomes are known to be important mediators of intercellular communication, and the involvement of exosomes in cardiovascular abnormities has attracted increasing attentions. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the most abundant cell type in the heart. Here, we investigated the potential role of CFs-derived exosomes in regulating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and autophagy. Exosomes from rat CFs treated with angiotensin II (Ang II-CFs-exosomes) were collected and characterized. Our experiments showed that these exosomes could induce hypertrophic responses and impair autophagy activity in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Ang II-CFs-exosomes blocked the autophagic flux of NRCMs via inhibiting the formation of autolysosomes. Moreover, the pro-hypertrophic effects and autophagy inhibition induced by Ang II-CFs-exosomes was validated in mice receiving injection of the exosomes. These findings highlight a novel role of Ang II-CFs-exosomes in suppressing cardiomyocyte autophagy, which may help to better understand the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.

Inhibition of miR-214-3p attenuates ferroptosis in myocardial infarction via regulating ME2.

Myocardial infarction (MI) contributes to an increased risk of incident heart failure and sudden death, but there is still a lack of effective treatment in clinic. Recently, growing evidence has indicated that abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. In this research, the involvement of miRNA-214-3p in MI was explored. A mouse model of MI was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were submitted to hypoxic treatment to stimulate cellular injury in vitro. Our results showed that miR-214-3p level was significantly upregulated in the infarcted region of mouse hearts and in NRCMs exposed to hypoxia, accompanying with an obvious elevation of ferroptosis. Inhibition of miR-214-3p by antagomir injection improved cardiac function, decreased infarct size, and attenuated iron accumulation and oxidant stress in myocardial tissues. MiR-214-3p could also promote ferroptosis and cellular impairments in NRCMs, while miR-214-3p inhibitor effectively protected cells from hypoxia. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that malic enzyme 2 (ME2) is a direct target of miR-214-3p. In cardiomyocytes, overexpression of ME2 ameliorated the detrimental effects and excessive ferroptosis induced by miR-214-3p mimic, whereas ME2 depletion compromised the protective role of miR-214-3p inhibitor against hypoxic injury and ferroptosis. These findings suggest that miR-214-3p contributes to enhanced ferroptosis during MI at least partially via suppressing ME2. Inhibition of miR-214-3p may be a new approach for tackling MI.

Encapsulating Ni Nanoparticles into Interlayers of Nitrogen-Doped Nb2 CTx MXene to Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acid.

Design and development of low-cost and highly efficient non-precious metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acidic medium are key issues to realize the commercialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Ni is regarded as an ideal alternative to substitute Pt for HER based on the similar electronic structure and low price as well. However, low intrinsic activity and poor stability in acid restrict its practical applications. Herein, a new approach is reported to encapsulate Ni nanoparticles (NPs) into interlayer edges of N-doped Nb2 CTx MXene (Ni NPs@N-Nb2 CTx ) by an electrochemical process. The as-prepared Ni NPs@N-Nb2 CTx possesses Pt-like onset potentials and can reach 500 mA cm-2 at overpotentials of only 383 mV, which is much higher than that of N-Nb2 CTx supported Ni NPs synthesized by a wet-chemical method (w- Ni NPs/N-Nb2 CTx ). Furthermore, it shows high durability toward HER with a large current density of 300 mA cm-2 for 24 h because of the encapsulated structure against corrosion, oxidation as well as aggregation of Ni NPs in an acidic medium. Detailed structural characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the stronger interaction boosts the HER.

Structural Engineering of BiVO4 /CoFe MOF Heterostructures Boosting Charge Transfer for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

Boosting charge separation and transfer of photoanodes is crucial for providing high viability of photoelectrochemical hydrogen (H2 ) generation. Here, a structural engineering strategy is designed and synthesized for uniformly coating an ultrathin CoFe bimetal-organic framework (CoFe MOF) layer over a BiVO4 photoanode for boosted charge separation and transfer. The photocurrent density of the optimized BiVO4 /CoFe MOF(NA) photoanode reaches a value of 3.92 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), up to 6.03 times that of pristine BiVO4 , due to the greatly increased efficiency of charge transfer and separation. In addition, this photoanode records one onset potential that is considerably shifted negatively when compared to BiVO4 . Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the CoFe MOF(NA) prolongs charge recombination lifetime by blocking the hole-transfer pathway from the BiVO4 to its surface trap states. This work sheds light on boosting charge separation and transfer through structural engineering to enhance the photocurrent of photoanodes for solar H2 production.

Efficient Co-Adsorption and Highly Selective Separation of Cs+ and Sr2+ with a K+ -Activated Niobium Germanate by the pH Control.

137 Cs and 90 Sr are hazardous to ecological environment and human health due to their strong radioactivity, long half-life, and high mobility. However, effective adsorption and separation of Cs+ and Sr2+ from acidic radioactive wastewater is challenging due to stability issues of material and the strong competition of protons. Herein, a K+ -activated niobium germanate (K-NGH-1) presents efficient Cs+ /Sr2+ coadsorption and highly selective Cs+ /Sr2+ separation, respectively, under different acidity conditions. In neutral solution, K-NGH-1 exhibits ultrafast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity for both Cs+ and Sr2+ (qm Cs  = 182.91 mg g-1 ; qm Sr  = 41.62 mg g-1 ). In 1 M HNO3 solution, K-NGH-1 still possesses qm Cs of 91.40 mg g-1 for Cs+ but almost no adsorption for Sr2+ . Moreover, K-NGH-1 can effectively separate Cs+ from 1 M HNO3 solutions with excess competing Sr2+ and Mn + (Mn +  = Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ ) ions. Thus, efficient separation of Cs+ and Sr2+ is realized under acidic conditions. Besides, K-NGH-1 shows excellent acid and radiation resistance and recyclability. All the merits above endow K-NGH-1 with the first example of niobium germanates for radionuclides remediation. This work highlights the facile pH control approach towards bifunctional ion exchangers for efficient Cs+ /Sr2+ coadsorption and selective separation.

Full characterization of vector eigenstates in symmetrically confined systems with photonic spin-orbit coupling.

The photonic spin-orbit (SO) coupling is a widely investigated effect in optical microcavities leading to various interesting physical phenomena and potential applications. We report the full sets of eigenenergies and eigenstates in a symmetrically confined potential under the effect of SO coupling induced by the transverse-electric transverse-magnetic (TE-TM) splitting, which are derived analytically via the degenerate perturbation theory. We obtained the eigenenergies and the eigenstates from the 1st to the 6th orders of excited manifold, and demonstrate unambiguously that universal rules governing the mode formation exist in such complicated photonic systems, making the modes exhibiting the features of solid and hollow skyrmions as well as spin vortices. We show that these eigenstates can be described by the SO coupled hyperspheres that can be decomposed into a series of higher-order Poincare spheres. Our results significantly extend the area of microcavity spin-optronics to the general theory of eigenvalues in confined systems, and provide an efficient theoretical frame for the information processing using microcavity-based high-dimensional vector states.

Mitochondrial creatine kinase 1 regulates the cell cycle in non-small cell lung cancer via activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4.

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of the most common malignant tumor in the world. Previous studies have shown that the expression level of mitochondrial creatine kinase 1 (CKMT1) is abnormal in NSCLC, but the mechanism of its effect remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we intend to clarify the potential mechanism of CKMT1 in NSCLC and provide the theoretical basis for the clinical application of CKMT1. METHODS: The function of CKMT1 in NSCLC was identified by analyzing the GEO dataset and evaluating using in vitro and in vivo models. Protein mass spectrometry was used to find proteins interacting with CKMT1, and Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST-pull down experiments were used to verify the interaction between proteins. The immunofluorescence (IF) assay was used to explore the functional position of CKMT1 in cells. The effect of CKMT1 expression level on the efficacy of paclitaxel (TAX) in the treatment of NSCLC was analyzed by a combined TAX experiment in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: CKMT1 expression was increased in NSCLC and CKMT1 promoted the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. CKMT1 knockdown resulted in a significantly increased G0/G1 fraction and decreased S phase cell fraction, indicating G1 phase arrest. Mechanically, the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was identified to interact with CKMT1, and the crucial binding areas were focused on the DH domain of CKMT1 and the N- and C-terminal of CDK4. A fraction of the CDK4 proteins colocalize and interact with the CKMT1 at mitochondria, the level of phosphorylated CDK4 was regulated by CKMT1. Hence, the decrease in CKMT1 expression level could increase the antitumor effect of G2/M cell cycle antagonist-TAX in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: CKMT1 could interact with CDK4 in mitochondria and regulate the phosphorylated level of CDK4, thus contributing to the proliferation and cell cycle transition of NSCLC cells. And CKMT1 could be a potential target to improve the sensitivity of chemotherapy based on TAX.

Intrinsic Nonlinear Planar Hall Effect.

We propose an intrinsic nonlinear planar Hall effect, which is of band geometric origin, independent of scattering, and scales with the second order of electric field and first order of magnetic field. We show that this effect is less symmetry constrained compared with other nonlinear transport effects and is supported in a large class of nonmagnetic polar and chiral crystals. Its characteristic angular dependence provides an effective way to control the nonlinear output. Combined with first-principles calculations, we evaluate this effect in the Janus monolayer MoSSe and report experimentally measurable results. Our work reveals an intrinsic transport effect, which offers a new tool for material characterization and a new mechanism for nonlinear device application.