RESUMEN
The major methods of microRNA extraction from different biological fluids (particularly, serum and plasma), approaches to the analysis of microRNA concentration and composition, normalization methods used in data analysis are outlined in the review. The advantages and disadvantages of the described methodological approaches are being highlighted. Special attention is given to microRNAs, circulating in blood, which could be used as the markers for minimally invasive lung cancer diagnostics, prediction of antitumor treatment efficiency and disease prognosis. Prospects and limitations arising from the evaluation of clinical significance of microRNAs as the potential tumor markers, and emerging as roles of various microRNAs in the pathogenesis of lung cancer become known, are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Neoplásico/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , MicroARNs/sangre , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Pronóstico , ARN Neoplásico/sangreRESUMEN
Urine of prostate cancer (PCa) carries miRNAs originated from prostate cancer cells as a part of both nucleoprotein complexes and cell-secreted extracellular vesicles. The analysis of such miRNA-markers in urine can be a convenient option for PCa screening. The aims of this study were to reveal miRNA-markers of PCa in urine and design a robust and precise diagnostic test, based on miRNA expression analysis. The expression analysis of the 84 miRNAs in paired urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell free urine supernatant samples from healthy donors, patients with benign and malignant prostate tumours was done using miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Panels (Exiqon, Denmark). Sets of miRNAs differentially expressed between the donor groups were found in urine EVs and urine supernatant. Diagnostically significant miRNAs were selected and algorithm of data analysis, based on expression data on 24-miRNA in urine and obtained using 17 analytical systems, was designed. The developed algorithm of data analysis describes a series of steps necessary to define cut-off values and sequentially analyze miRNA expression data according to the cut-offs to facilitate classification of subjects in case/control groups and allows to detect PCa patients with 97.5% accuracy.
Asunto(s)
MicroARNs/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Algoritmos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/orina , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/orina , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Hiperplasia Prostática/orina , Neoplasias de la Próstata/orinaRESUMEN
Urine of prostate cancer patients contains tumor-specific biopolymers, including protein- and microvesiclesassociated miRNAs that can potentially be used as oncomarkers. Previously we have characterized urine extracellular vesicles and demonstrated diagnostic potential of their miRNA cargo. In this study, we have performed a comparative analysis of the expression of 84 miRNA in paired samples of urine microvesicles and clarified urine from healthy men, patients with benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate using miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Panels. Subsets of miRNAs with differences in expression between the fractions of the urine were found in all three groups. Two groups of miRNA were identified based on the patterns of their differential expression. They regulate several key signaling pathways associated with prostate cancer development.
Asunto(s)
Líquidos Corporales , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células , Vesículas Extracelulares , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNsRESUMEN
The deviation of prophase cytoskeletal ring formation was determined during meiotic division in 50% of pollen mother cells (PMCs) in maize haploid No 1498 (Zea mays). At prophase in both meiotic divisions the cytoskeletal ring is formed in cortical region of cytoplasm instead of perinuclear. Sometimes formation of both perinuclear and cortical rings is observed in the same cell. It has been shown that in multinucleate PMCs the cortical ring leads to the consolidation of chromosomes into common spindle and to meiotic restitution.