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Surface plasmons excited via inelastic tunnelling have led to plasmon light sources with small footprints and ultrafast response speeds, which are favored by integrated optical circuits. Self-assembled monolayers of organic molecules function as highly tunable tunnel barriers with novel functions. However, limited by the low effective contact between the liquid metal electrode and the self-assembled monolayers, it is quite challenging to obtain molecular plasmon light sources with high density and uniform emission. Here, by combining lithographic patterning with a solvent treatment method, we have demonstrated electrically driven deterministic plasmon emission from arrays of molecular tunnel junctions. The solvent treatment could largely improve the effective contact from 9.6% to 48% and simultaneously allow the liquid metal to fill into lithographically patterned micropore structures toward deterministic plasmon emission with desired patterns. Our findings open up new possibilities for tunnel junction-based plasmon light sources, laying the foundation for electrically driven light-emitting metasurfaces.
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Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate and butyrate, are produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially digested and indigestible polysaccharides. SCFAs play an important role in regulating intestinal energy metabolism and maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal environment and also play an important regulatory role in organs and tissues outside the gut. In recent years, many studies have shown that SCFAs can regulate inflammation and affect host health, and two main signaling mechanisms have also been identified: the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of every SCFA in influencing health maintenance and disease development. In this review, we summarized the recent advances concerning the biological properties of SCFAs and their signaling pathways in inflammation and body health. Hopefully, it can provide a systematic theoretical basis for the nutritional prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Ácidos Grasos Volátiles , Inflamación , Humanos , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Animales , Transducción de Señal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Metabolismo EnergéticoRESUMEN
High-Protein Mulberry is a novel strain of mulberry. High-Protein Mulberry leaves (HPM) were the subject of this study, which aimed to investigate its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism. A six-week intervention using db/db mice was carried out to assess the effects of HPM on serum lipid levels, liver function, and insulin (INS) levels. qRT-PCR and Western Blotting were employed to measure key RNA and protein expressions in the PI3K/Akt and PPARα/CPT-1 pathways. UHPLC-MS and the Kjeldahl method were utilized to analyze the component content and total protein. Additionally, network pharmacology was employed to predict regulatory mechanism differences between HPM and Traditional Mulberry leaves. The results of the study revealed significant improvements in fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance in mice treated with HPM. HPM notably reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and INS, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The treatment also effectively mitigated liver fatty lesions, inflammatory infiltration, and islet atrophy. HPM activation of the PI3K/Akt/PPARα/CPT-1 pathway suggested its pivotal role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. With its rich composition and pharmacodynamic material basis, HPM displayed a greater number of targets associated with glucose and lipid metabolism pathways, underscoring the need for further research into its potential therapeutic applications.
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Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Morus , PPAR alfa , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Hojas de la Planta , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Transducción de Señal , Morus/química , Morus/metabolismo , Animales , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , PPAR alfa/genética , Ratones , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Glucosa/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Glucemia/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Carnitina O-PalmitoiltransferasaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Senior nursing students' perceptions of their professional preparedness help them for expectations of their future nursing role with more confidence, and professional identity may contribute to cultivating nursing students' perceptions of professional preparedness. In this study we applied latent profile analysis to identify the latent profiles of perceived professional preparedness among senior nursing students and to examine their identity and predictors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 319 senior nursing students from five universities in China were enrolled. Data were collected using the Perceived Professional Preparedness of Senior Nursing Students' Questionnaire and the Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students. RESULTS: Three latent profiles were identified and labeled as "low perceived professional preparedness" (n = 90, 28.2%), "low clinical competency-low EBP (Evidence-Based Practice)" (n = 190, 59.5%), and "high perceived professional preparedness" (n = 39, 12.2%). Place of residence, average clinical practicum hours per day, part-time experience, good relationships with classmates, and feeling nobility toward nursing due to COVID-19 significantly predicted profile membership. The average professional identity score was also statistically different across the three profiles (F = 54.69, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Senior nursing students' perceptions of their professional preparedness were divided into three profiles, and out results show that promoting professional identity may effectively foster their perceived professional preparedness. This study therefore highlights the importance of targeted interventions by considering their distinct perceptions of professional preparedness patterns.
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This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of traditional Chinese culture-based life-and-death education on 38 ICU nurses. Participants underwent 14 hours of training, and data were collected before and after the intervention using various questionnaires. Frequency and percentage were used for categorical data; mean and standard deviation for measurement data; and paired-sample t test for comparison of teaching effects before and after the intervention of life-and-death education programs. Results indicated significant improvements in understanding of death, reduced death anxiety, enhanced death coping abilities, and increased search for meaning (p < .05). However, there was no statistically significant change in attitude toward death (p > .05). Life-and-death education rooted in traditional Chinese culture positively influenced ICU nurses, fostering improved death cognition, reduced death anxiety, enhanced coping skills, and a heightened sense of meaning in life. Subsequent research will explore the relationship and distinctions between explicit and implicit death attitudes.
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Depression is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease. Previous studies demonstrated that hydroxysafflor yellow A had properties of improving motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on depression in Parkinson's disease mice is investigated in this study. To induce Parkinson's disease model, male Swiss mice were exposed to rotenone (30 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The chronic unpredictable mild stress was employed to induce depression from week 3 to week 6. Sucrose preference, tail suspension, and forced swimming tests were conducted. Golgi and Nissl staining of hippocampus were carried out. The levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95, brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus were assayed. It showed that HSYA improved the depression-like behaviors of Parkinson's disease mice. Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuated the injury of nerve and elevated contents of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine in hippocampus. Treatment with hydroxysafflor yellow A also augmented the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These findings suggest that hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates depression-like behavior in Parkinson's disease mice through regulating the contents of postsynaptic density protein 95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, therefore protecting neurons and neuronal dendrites of the hippocampus.
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Conducta Animal , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo , Chalcona , Depresión , Hipocampo , Quinonas , Serotonina , Animales , Quinonas/farmacología , Quinonas/uso terapéutico , Chalcona/análogos & derivados , Chalcona/farmacología , Chalcona/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratones , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Depresión/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Serotonina/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Rotenona/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Homólogo 4 de la Proteína Discs Large/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/psicologíaRESUMEN
Tumor vaccine is a promising cancer treatment modality, however, the convenient antigens loading in vivo and efficient delivery of vaccines to lymph nodes (LNs) still remain a formidable challenge. Herein, an in situ nanovaccine strategy targeting LNs to induce powerful antitumor immune responses by converting the primary tumor into whole-cell antigens and then delivering these antigens and nanoadjuvants simultaneously to LNs is proposed. The in situ nanovaccine is based on a hydrogel system, which loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and nanoadjuvant CpG-P-ss-M. The gel system exhibits ROS-responsive release of DOX and CpG-P-ss-M, generating abundant in situ storage of whole-cell tumor antigens. CpG-P-ss-M adsorbs tumor antigens through the positive surface charge and achieves charge reversal, forming small-sized and negatively charged tumor vaccines in situ, which are then primed to LNs. Eventually, the tumor vaccine promotes antigens uptake by dendritic cells (DCs), maturation of DCs, and proliferation of T cells. Moreover, the vaccine combined with anti-CTLA4 antibody and losartan inhibits tumor growth by 50%, significantly increasing the percentage of splenic cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), and generating tumor-specific immune responses. Overall, the treatment effectively inhibits primary tumor growth and induces tumor-specific immune response. This study provides a scalable strategy for in situ tumor vaccination.
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Vacunas contra el Cáncer , Neoplasias , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias/patología , Linfocitos T Citotóxicos , Inmunoterapia , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Ganglios Linfáticos , Células Dendríticas , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Proper regulation of p53 signaling is critical for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The hematopoietic cell-specific mechanisms regulating p53 activity remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32B (ANP32B) in hematopoietic cells impairs repopulation capacity and postinjury regeneration of HSCs. Mechanistically, ANP32B forms a repressive complex with p53 and thus inhibits the transcriptional activity of p53 in hematopoietic cells, and p53 deletion rescues the functional defect in Anp32b-deficient HSCs. Of great interest, ANP32B is highly expressed in leukemic cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Anp32b deletion enhances p53 transcriptional activity to impair LSC function in a murine CML model and exhibits synergistic therapeutic effects with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in inhibiting CML propagation. In summary, our findings provide a novel strategy to enhance p53 activity in LSCs by inhibiting ANP32B and identify ANP32B as a potential therapeutic target in treating CML.
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Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Ratones , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The turnover and shortage of health care workers (HCWs) have been a worldwide problem for healthcare organizations. The primary aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the intention of Chinese HCWs to leave their job, especially meaning in life and professional happiness. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study, conducted among 1125 full-time HCWs, assessed demographic variables, meaning in life, professional happiness, and turnover intention by a survey. The survey was distributed to HCWs in three tertiary hospitals. The data were analyzed by T-tests, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests and hierarchical linear regression model. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in turnover intention of HCWs by gender, age, role, educational level, years in practice, and number of monthly night shifts. HCWs' meaning in life and professional happiness were negatively associated with the turnover intention. Furthermore, after controlling for other factors, meaning in life explained 3.7% of the turnover intention and professional happiness explained 13.4%. CONCLUSION: In our study, positive psychological factors were related to turnover intentions. Professional happiness was the strongest predictor. Thus, health human resource managers should foster positive psychology among HCWs to reduce their turnover.
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Agotamiento Profesional , Intención , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Felicidad , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Personal de Salud/psicología , Reorganización del Personal , China , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The vitamin D level in the blood is associated with the incidence of hypertension. The present study investigated whether or not calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, reverses age-related hypertension. METHODS: Young (3-month-old) and aged (12-month-old) C57BL/6 male mice were administered with or without calcitriol at 150 ng/kg per day by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography and telemetry, and superoxide production in renal tissue was assessed by fluorescence imaging, and the protein expression of AP1/AT1R signaling pathway was examined by Western blot. RESULTS: We showed that 24-hour renal sodium excretion was impaired and blood pressure was increased in aged mice, which was related to the enhancement of renal AT1R expression and function. In addition, the expression of transcription factor AP1 (a dimer of c-Fos and c-Jun) and the binding of AP1 to the AT1R promoter region was significantly enhanced, accompanied by decreased nuclear translocation of Nrf2, abnormal mitochondrial function including decreased ATP production, NAD+/NADH ratio and mtDNA copy numbers, and increased reactive oxygen species. Calcitriol increased 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and reduced blood pressure in aged mice. Mechanically, calcitriol increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, improved mitochondrial function, reduced AP1 binding ability to AT1R promoter, which reversed enhanced AT1R expression and function, and lowered blood pressure in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that calcitriol reversed age-related hypertension via downregulating renal AP1/AT1R pathway through regulating mitochondrial function. Thus, calcitriol may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for age-related hypertension.
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Calcitriol , Hipertensión , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Calcitriol/farmacología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , SodioRESUMEN
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure correlates with airway obstruction, but the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. We aim to investigate the role of exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs)-mediated communication between airway epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells in PM2.5-induced airway obstruction. RNA sequencing revealed that acute PM2.5 exposure altered the expression profiles of 2904 exosomal circRNAs. Among them, exosomal hsa_circ_0029069 (spliced from CLIP1, thus termed circCLIP1 hereafter) with a loop structure was upregulated by PM2.5 exposure and mainly encapsulated in exosomes. Then, the biological functions and the underlying mechanisms were explored by Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down, etc. Phenotypically, exosomal circCLIP1 entered recipient cells, inducing mucus secretion in recipient HBE cells and contractility of sensitive HBSMCs. Mechanistically, circCLIP1 was upregulated by METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenine (m6A) modification in PM2.5-treated producer HBE cells and exosomes, then enhancing the expression of SEPT10 in recipient HBE cells and sensitive HBSMCs. Our study revealed that exosomal circCLIP1 played a critical role in PM2.5-induced airway obstruction and provided a new potential biomarker for the assessment of PM2.5-related adverse effects.
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Exosomas , ARN Circular , Células Epiteliales , Exosomas/genética , Material Particulado/metabolismo , ARN/metabolismo , ARN Circular/genética , ARN Circular/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is important to understand how the perception of death affects the competence to cope with death. OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the perception of death has an indirect effect on competence to cope with death through the mediation of attitude toward death and meaning of life. METHODS: A total of 786 nurses from Hunan Province, China, selected by random sampling method and asked to complete an online electronic questionnaire between October and November 2021 were included in the study. RESULTS: The nurses' scored 125.39 ± 23.88 on the competence to cope with death. There was a positive correlation among perception of death, competence to cope with death, the meaning of life, and attitude toward death. There were three mediating pathways: the separate mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life, and the chain mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life. CONCLUSION: The nurses' competence to cope with death was moderate. Perception of death could indirectly and positively predict nurses' competence to cope with death by enhancing natural acceptance or sense of meaning in life. In addition, perception of death could improve natural acceptance and then enhance the sense of meaning in life to positively predict nurses' competence to cope with death.
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OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with regular dialysis treatment for more than 3 months are called maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The degree of patients' adherence with the doctor's advice to take medicine on time is called medication adherence, which is very important for the control of the disease and the improvement of the quality of life for MHD patients. Living alone, lack of communication with children and self-neglect are risk factors for medication adherence in the older adults. Inappropriate substance use behaviors are common among older adults with self-neglect. Family resilience denotes the ability of a family to retain the stability of its structure by relying on its internal and external resources when facing a difficult situation. Family resilience entails the combination of family beliefs, interaction styles, problem-solving skills, and emotional communication which reflect supportive and positive psychological adjustment effects to benefit older persons. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for clinical intervention level to improve medication adherence of older patients on MHD through examineing the correlation among family resilience, self-neglect, and medication adherence based on the self-reports. METHODS: A random sampling method was used to gather information from 632 older patients receiving MHD treatment in Hemodialysis Center of Hunan Province between July to December 2021. For this purpose, a self-designed demographic questionnaire, the Family Resilience Questionnaire (FRQ), the Scale of the Elderly Self-Neglect (SESN), and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-4 (MMAS-4) were used to investigate the questionnaire data of the participants. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between family resilience, self-neglect, and medication adherence in older patients and gain insight into their current status. AMOS 24.0 was used for mediation modeling. Bootstrap mediation effect test was used to evaluate the mediation effect among the 3 variables. RESULTS: The questionnaires survey showed that the scores of FRQ, SESN, and MMAS-4 were 78.60±12.49, 7.99±5.60, and 5.93±1.40, respectively; and the medication adherence rate was 18.8%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that family resilience was negatively correlated with self-neglect (r=-0.432, P<0.001), and was positively correlated with medication adherence (r=0.169, P<0.001). Self-neglect was negatively correlated with medication adherence (r=-0.217, P<0.001). Mediating effect analysis showed that the total effect of family resilience on medication adherence was significant (ß=0.214, 95% CI 0.121 to 0.313, P<0.001), and the direct effect was not significant (ß=0.058, 95% CI -0.073 to 0.187, P>0.05). Self-neglect played a major mediating effect between family resilience and medication adherence (ß=0.156, 95% CI 0.088 to 0.240, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Family resilience, self-neglect, and medication adherence among older patients on MHD are significantly related, with family resilience primarily influencing medication adherence indirectly through self-neglect.
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Resiliencia Psicológica , Autoabandono , Niño , Anciano , Humanos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Salud de la Familia , Calidad de Vida , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Diálisis RenalRESUMEN
To explore nurses' ability to cope with death and its relationship with death cognition and meaning in life in the context of Chinese traditional culture. 1146 nurses from six tertiary hospitals were recruited. Participants completed the Coping with Death Scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the self-made Death Cognition Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the search for meaning, the understanding of "good death", receiving education related to life-and-death, cultural aspect, the presence of meaning, and the number of patient deaths experienced in career explained 20.3% of the variance in the ability to cope with death. Lacking a correct understanding of death, nurses are not sufficiently prepared to deal with death and their ability to cope with death is influenced by the unique cognition of death and the sense of the meaning in life in the context of Chinese traditional culture.
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Sustained signal activation by hydroxyl radicals (â OH) has great significance, especially for tumor treatment, but remains challenging. Here, a built-in electric field (BIEF)-driven strategy was proposed for sustainable generation of â OH, thereby achieving long-lasting chemodynamic therapy (LCDT). As a proof of concept, a novel Janus-like Fe@Fe3 O4 -Cu2 O heterogeneous catalyst was designed and synthesized, in which the BIEF induced the transfer of electrons in the Fe core to the surface, reducing ≡Cu2+ to ≡Cu+ , thus achieving continuous Fenton-like reactions and â OH release for over 18â h, which is approximately 12 times longer than that of Fe3 O4 -Cu2 O and 72 times longer than that of Cu2 O nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo antitumor results indicated that sustained â OH levels led to persistent extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal activation and irreparable oxidative damage to tumor cells, which promoted irreversible tumor apoptosis. Importantly, this strategy provides ideas for developing long-acting nanoplatforms for various applications.
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Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/química , Radical Hidroxilo/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
The C2H2 zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) play essential roles in regulating cold stress responses. Similarly, raffinose accumulation contributes to freezing stress tolerance. However, the relationship between C2H2 functions and raffinose synthesis in cold tolerance remains uncertain. Here, we report the characterization of the cold-induced C2H2-type zinc finger protein PhZFP1 in Petunia hybrida. PhZFP1 was found to be predominantly localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of PhZFP1 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic petunia lines. In contrast, RNAi mediated suppression of PhZFP1 led to increased cold susceptibility. PhZFP1 regulated the expression of a range of abiotic stress responsive-genes including genes encoding proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and raffinose metabolism. The accumulation of galactinol and raffinose, and the levels of PhGolS1-1 transcripts, were significantly increased in PhZFP1-overexpressing plants and decreased in PhZFP1-RNAi plants under cold stress. Moreover, the galactinol synthase (GolS)-encoding gene PhGolS1-1 was identified as a direct target of PhZFP1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PhZFP1 functions in cold stress tolerance by modulation of galactinol synthesis via regulation of PhGolS1-1. This study also provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying C2H2 zinc finger protein-mediated cold stress tolerance, and has identified a candidate gene for improving cold stress tolerance.
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Respuesta al Choque por Frío , Petunia , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/genética , Rafinosa/metabolismo , Petunia/genética , Petunia/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Dedos de ZincRESUMEN
Radiotherapy is indispensable in clinical cancer treatment, but because both tumor and normal tissues have similar sensitivity to X-rays, their clinical curative effect is intrinsically limited. Advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have been developed for radiotherapy sensitization, typically employing high atomic number (high-Z) materials to enhance the energy deposition of X-rays in tumor tissues, but the efficiency is largely limited by the toxicity of heavy metals. A new and promising approach for radiosensitization is catalytic radiosensitization, which takes advantage of the catalytic activity of nanomaterials triggered by radiation. The efficiency of catalytic radiosensitization can be greatly enhanced by electron modulation and energy conversion of nanocatalysts upon X-ray irradiation, further enhancing the clinical curative effect. In this review, we highlight the challenges and opportunities in cancer radiosensitization, discuss novel approaches to catalytic radiosensitization, and finally describe the development of catalytic radiosensitization based on an in-depth understanding of radio-nano interactions and catalysis-biological interactions.
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Goaf filling is an effective method of preventing goaf disasters in mines. If the filling material can mineralize and absorb a large amount of CO2, then the goaf will provide a huge amount of space for carbon storage, which will help to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The purpose of this article is to prepare a kind of porous particle with high porosity and a large specific surface area that can be used to fill the mined-out area and adsorb a large amount of CO2 by using the mineralized solid waste as the aggregate. Taking the compressive strength and CO2 adsorption capacity as the objective function, a chemical foaming method and an orthogonal experiment were used to determine the optimal ratio of porous particles. The results showed that when the masses of carbide slag, oleic acid, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium hypochlorite, and water were 19.5, 0.3, 0.07, 1.35, and 15 g, respectively, the pore sizes of the prepared porous particles had a gradient distribution, i.e., micropores, mesopores, and macropores accounted for 18.75, 80.93, and 0.32%, respectively. In addition, the compressive strength reached 79.4 N, and the static CO2 adsorption capacity was 117.43 cm3/g. The superimposed calculation of the adsorption capacity and mineralization capacity showed that 1 ton of solid waste can theoretically store approximately 0.66 ton of CO2. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model can well fit the adsorption process of an adsorbent for CO2, which proves that the adsorption process of adsorbent for CO2 is a physical adsorption mechanism. The porous particles prepared based on solid waste are harmless and simple in the preparation process. They can fill the underground space of mines after adsorbing CO2 and realize the integration of solid waste utilization, carbon storage, and underground space disaster management, with significant social, economic, and ecological benefits.
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BACKGROUD: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been discovered to be the main CD4+ T cells assisting B cells to produce antibody. They are over activated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and consequently lead to excessive immunity. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) negatively regulates T cell-mediated immune responses and TCR signal. This study aimed to investigate the roles of HPK1 in SLE Tfh cells. METHODS: HPK1 mRNA and protein levels in Tfh cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The production of IL-21, B cell-activating factor (BAFF), interferon γ (IFNγ), IL-17A, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Tfh cells proliferation was evaluated with 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS: HPK1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in SLE Tfh cells, and negatively correlated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index for SLE (SDI). Knocking down HPK1 with siRNA in normal Tfh cells greatly elevated Tfh cells proliferation and secretions of IL-21, BAFF, IFNγ, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3. There were no marked alterations in IL-17A and IgM productions. The opposite effects were observed in SLE Tfh cells transfected with HPK1 overexpressing plasmid: Tfh cells proliferation and productions of IL-21, BAFF, IFNγ, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 were all alleviated. And there were no significant changes in IL-17A and IgM levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest for the first time that inhibited expression of HPK1 in SLE Tfh cells leading to Tfh cells overactivation and B cells overstimulation, subsequently, the onset and progression of SLE.
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Interleucina-17 , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Autoinmunidad , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/genética , Inmunoglobulina M/genética , Interferón gamma , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , ARN Mensajero/genética , Células T Auxiliares Foliculares , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-InductoresRESUMEN
Toxicological studies have revealed the adverse impacts of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) on the respiratory system, while there is a lack of epidemiological evidence, and information for risk assessment remains insufficient. Herein, we investigated the associations of urinary metabolites of OPFRs with the lung function in 987 adults participating in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. The elevation of three primary metabolites of chlorinated OPFRs [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP)] was related to pulmonary dysfunction in a sample-weighted regression model. Each one-unit increase in the log-transformed levels of BDCIPP and BCEP was related to 91.52 and 79.34 mL reductions in the forced vital capacity (FVC). Each one-unit elevation in BCIPP was correlated with 130.86, 153.56, 302.26, and 148.24 mL reductions in forced expiratory volume 1st second (FEV1), FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC (FEF25-75%), respectively. Then, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework was constructed using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, the Toxicity Forecaster, and the GeneCards database. Based on the weight of the evidence, BDCIPP, BCEP, BCIPP, and their parent compounds (TDCIPP, TCEP, and TCIPP) may affect the IL-6/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, induce airway remodeling, and impair the lung function. Additionally, tobacco smoke exposure may modify the effects of BDCIPP on the lung function (Pint < 0.05) and affect the IL-6-mediated AOP. These results suggested that chlorinated OPFRs were associated with pulmonary dysfunction via the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway.