RESUMEN
This study employed evidence mapping to systematically sort out the clinical studies about the treatment of premature ventricular contractions with Chinese patent medicines and to reveal the distribution of evidence in this field. The articles about the treatment of premature ventricular contractions with Chinese patent medicines were searched against PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP with the time interval from January 2016 to December 2022. Evidence was analyzed and presented by charts and graphs combined with text. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 164 papers were included, including 147 interventional studies, 4 observational studies, and 13 systematic reviews. A total of 27 Chinese patent medicines were involved, in which Shensong Yangxin Capsules and Wenxin Granules had high frequency. There were off-label uses in clinical practice. In recent years, the number of articles published in this field showed a decreasing trend. Eight types of outcome indicators were used in interventional studies. Ambulatory electrocardiography, clinical response rate, safety, and echocardiography had high frequency, while the rate of ß-blocker decompensation, major cardiovascular events, and pharmaceutical economic indicators were rarely reported. The evaluation was one-sided. The low quality of the included articles reduced the reliability of the findings. In the future, the clinical use of medicines should be standardized, and the quality of clinical studies should be improved. Comprehensive clinical evaluation should be carried out to provide a sound scientific basis for the treatment of premature ventricular contractions with Chinese patent medicines.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Complejos Prematuros Ventriculares , Complejos Prematuros Ventriculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Complejos Prematuros Ventriculares/fisiopatología , Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos sin Prescripción/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in GoldenEye™ 25 A kit using forensic human identification and paternity testing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 3751 unrelated individuals from the Southern Chinese Han population were genotyped with the 5-dye GoldenEye™ 25 A multiplex amplification system. PCR products were separated using arrayed capillary electrophoresis. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters for the 23 autosomal STR loci were statistically analysed. RESULTS: A total of 344 alleles were observed, with corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0001-0.5519 for the 23 STR loci. No significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium was observed. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) was 1-1.6290 × 10-28 and the combined power of exclusion (CPE) was 0.999 999 999 89 and 0.999 999 286 93 for trio and duo cases, respectively. From 3865 meioses, 87 mutation events were discovered. The mutation rate varied from 0-0.00285 for each locus. One-step mutation accounted for 94.25% of total mutations. The ratio of paternal vs maternal mutation was 3.76:1.13 kinds of n/(n + 1) heterozygote genotypes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that 23 STR loci of GoldenEye™ 25 A kit are highly polymorphic in the Southern Chinese Han population, indicating the kit is suitable for forensic application.
Asunto(s)
Frecuencia de los Genes , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Mutación , Polimorfismo Genético , China , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze postmortem chemical changes in Landrace costal cartilages and ribs using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and to provide a novel technique for estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS: The swines were sacrificed by hemorrhage and their costal cartilages and ribs were kept in 20 degrees C. The chemical analysis of the costal cartilages and ribs were performed using ATR-FTIR every 72 h. The correlation between the certain spectral parameters and PMI was also analyzed. The time-dependent changes of costal cartilages were more significant than ribs. RESULTS: There were no obvious changes for the main absorbance bands position, and some absorbance band ratios showed time-dependent changes and significant correlations with the PMI. CONCLUSION: ATR-FTIR has the ability to analyze postmortem chemical changes of the swine costal cartilages and ribs, and it can be a new method to estimate PMI based on spectroscopy.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago Costal , Modelos Animales , Cambios Post Mortem , Costillas , Animales , Autopsia , Patologia Forense/métodos , Hemorragia , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Análisis de Regresión , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Porcinos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To deduce the calculation formulae of likelihood ratio for kinship testing with X-short tandem repeat (X-STR) typing. METHODS: With the identity by decent coefficient of different relationships, the joint genotypic probability of two individuals with specific genotypes was calculated as X value, and then the joint genotypic probability of two unrelated individuals was calculated as Y value; therefore, the likelihood ratio value (X/Y) was obtained. RESULTS: The calculation formulae of the likelihood ratio for different genotype combinations of the female-female, female-male and male-male genetic relationships were derived and verified by real cases. CONCLUSION: The calculation formulae are simple and accurate to evaluate the likelihood ratio for two individuals' genetic relationship with X-STR typing. The formulae provide the basic potential value for the difficult kinship testing with X-STR loci.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos X/genética , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Algoritmos , Alelos , Femenino , Genética Forense , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
HLA-C*08:236N differs from C*08:01:01 by a single nucleotide exchange in exon 5 at position 1991.
Asunto(s)
Pueblos del Este de Asia , Antígenos HLA-C , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Alelos , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto RendimientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the cause for allelic drop-out at short tandem repeat (STR) loci upon paternity testing with a PowerPlex® 16 kit. METHODS: A total of 10 642 DNA confirmed paternity testing cases (18 314 parent/child allelic transfers) were analyzed with the PowerPlex® 16 kit. Samples suspected for having allelic drop-out were verified with an Identifiler™ kit and/or locus-specific singleplex amplification systems. PCR products of null alleles were separated and directly sequenced. RESULTS: Eight cases of allelic drop-out were found. The overall rate of null allele in the PowerPlex® 16 system was 0.437 × 10(-3). DNA sequencing has confirmed single base variations within the binding region of published primers, in which 4 cases involved the D18S51 locus (2 cases with G>A transitions at 79 bp upstream of the repeats, 1 case with G>T transversion at 162 bp downstream of the repeats and 1 case with G>C transversion at 74 bp upstream of the repeats), 2 cases involved the D21S11 locus (1 case with C>A transversion at 17 bp upstream of the repeats and 1 case with A>G transition at 12 bp upstream of the repeats). One case involved the FGA locus (1 case with G>A transition at 142 bp downstream of the repeats) and 1 case involved TPOX locus (1 case with G>A transition at 198 bp downstream of the repeats). CONCLUSION: Base variation in the primer binding region may cause failed PCR and result in null allele reports. Alternative primer sets should be used to verify the suspected allelic drop-out. Attention should be paid to this during paternity testing and data exchange for personal identification.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Variación Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Paternidad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge contains various active constituents, some of which have been developed as commercially available medicine. Moreover, some other ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza play great roles in anti-platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to investi-gate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miltirone,a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. METHODS The ability of miltirone to modulate platelet function was investigated by a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments.Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by various agonists were measured with platelet aggregometer.Clot retraction and spreading were imaged by digital camera and fl uorescence microscope. Ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model and pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to check miltirone effect in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of anti-platelet activity of miltirone,flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS Miltirone (2,4,8 μmol·L-1)was shown to suppress platelet aggregation,dense granule and α granule secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, miltirone inhibited the clot retraction and spreading of washed platelets.It reduced the phosphorylation of PLCγ2,PKC,Akt,GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the down-stream signal pathway of collagen receptor.It also reduced the phosphorylation of Src and FAK in the integrin αⅡbβ3 mediated"outside-in"signaling,while it did not suppress the phosphorylation of β3.In addition, miltirone prolonged the occlusion time and reduced collagen/epinephrine induced pulmonary thrombi. CONCLUSION Miltirone suppresses platelet "inside-out" and "outside-in" signaling by affecting PLCγ2/PKC/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt and Src/FAK signaling. Therefore, miltirone might represent a potential anti-platelet candidate for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.