Unilateral Versus Bilateral Balloon Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Systematic Review of Overlapping Meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: There have been many meta-analyses and systematic reviews that have discussed the differences between unilateral and bilateral balloon kyphoplasty. However, their conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of bilateral balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are discordant. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to select the best evidence review to determine the differences between unilateral and bilateral balloon kyphoplasty, and we wanted to determine the best treatment approach for OVCFs. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses. SETTING: The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched. The search extended through Sept. 30, 2017. Moreover, we manually searched the last 10 years of conference reports and papers from the Peking University Health Science Library and consulted 2 experts in the field for any additional relevant information. METHODS: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement and used "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews" (AMTASR) and the Oxford Levels of Evidence to assess the methodological quality of the studies. We applied the Jadad decision algorithm to select the best evidence review. RESULTS: Seven meta-analyses were included in this systematic review. The AMTASR scores of the studies ranged from 4 to 9, with an average of 6. Finally, Sun H et al was shown to represent the best evidence study. Sun H et al proposed that the unilateral kyphoplasty required less surgical time and consumed less cement, reduced cement leakage, and improved short-term general health compared with that of bilateral kyphoplasty. LIMITATIONS: The AMTASR scores indicated that some of the included studies were of low quality. In addition, not all of the studies used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) level. When used, the GRADE level indicated that most of the results consisted of studies of low quality. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral kyphoplasty reduces the operative time, cement volume, and cement leakage rate compared with bilateral kyphoplasty. Therefore, we conclude that unilateral kyphoplasty is more advantageous, effective and safe, compared to bilateral kyphoplasty for the treatment of OVCFs. KEY WORDS: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, kyphoplasty, unilateral, bilateral, unipedicular, bipedicular, systematic review.

Anxiety symptom and personality disorder among medical aesthetic clients / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To describe the prevalence of anxiety symptom and personality disorder among medical aesthetic clients,and explore related factors of anxiety symptoms among them.Methods:Totally 788 clients who consulted in a cosmetic plastic surgery department were recruited in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from November 2021 to July 2023.Using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4(PDQ-4)and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)as assessment instruments,with a cutoff point of 42 and 50 points respectively,for screening out personality disorder and anxiety symptom.Statistical analysis was conducted by analysis of variance,chi-square tests,multivari-ate linear regression and logistic regression.Results:The rate of anxiety symptom among the medical aesthetic cli-ents was of 15.23％(120/788),and the prevalence of personality disorder was 3.50％(28/788).Age was nega-tively associated with SAS scores(β=-0.82,P=0.009),PDQ-4 score was positively associated with SAS score(β=0.15,P＜0.001),eye plastic surgery,facial contouring and minimally invasive plastic surgery were positively associated with SAS score(β=2.00-3.64,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The younger and the more prominent the per-sonality dysfunction the clients are,the severer anxiety symptom they have.The clients who consult for eye plastic surgery,facial contouring,and minimally invasive plastic surgery have severer anxiety symptom.

A review of treatment delay for first-episode schizophrenia,first-episode major depressive disorder and first-episode bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

This paper aims to review treatment delay in first-episode schizophrenia,depression,and bipolar disorder,and to compare related factors of treatment delay in the three first-episode mental disorders.It is found that increased patient responsibility,stigma,lack of disease-related knowledge,lack of access to resources,and insuffi-cient medical support lead to delay treatment,and making patients to have longer course,heavier symptoms,and lower social functions.

Comparison and related factors of suicide risk among patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder.Methods:A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia,903 patients with major de-pressive disorder,and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients,clinics,or communities who met the diag-nostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition were recruited.All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disor-ders and assess suicide risk,as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)to as-sess symptoms.Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored u-sing multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the past one month,37 patients with schizophrenia(1.8％),516 patients with major depressive disorder(57.1％),and 102 patients with bipolar disorder(26.8％)had suicide risk.Compared with patients with schizophrenia,suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder(OR=36.50)and bipolar disorder(OR=20.10)increased.Female(OR=1.87),smoking(OR=1.76),family history of suicide(OR=5.09),higher score of CRDPSS hallucination(OR=1.80),and higher score of CRDPSS depression(OR=1.54)were risk factors of suicide risk of patients.Conclusions:Suicide risk of patients with ma-jor depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia.In clinical practice,it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients.Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and de-pression should be paid more attention to.

Disease costs in inpatients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To evaluate direct and indirect costs for schizophrenia,major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar disorder,and to compare their differences of cost composition,and to explore the drivers of the total costs.Methods:A total of 3 175 inpatients with schizophrenia,MDD,and bipolar disorder were recruited.In-patient's self-report total direct of medical costs outpatient and inpatient,out-of-pocket costs,and direct non-medical costs were regarded as direct costs.Productivity loss and other loss caused by damaging properties were defined as indirect costs.The perspectives of this study included individual and societal levels.Multivariate regression analysis was applied for detecting the factors influencing disease costs.Results:The total cost of schizophrenia was higher than those of MDD and bipolar disorder at individual and societal levels.The indirect costs of three mental disorders were higher than the direct costs,and the indirect cost ratio of bipolar disorder was higher than those of schizophre-nia and MDD.Age,gender,working condition and marital status(P＜0.05)were the important drivers of total costs.Conclusion:The economic burden of the three mental disorders is relatively heavy.Schizophrenia has heaviest disease burden,and the productivity loss due to mental disorders is the driving force of the soaring disease cost

Clinical characteristics and related factors of patients with schizophrenia in different ages of onset / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and related socio-demographic factors of schizo-phrenia patients with different ages of onset.Methods:Totally 2 016 patients with schizophrenia aged 15 to 70 were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.All of the patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview to diagnose schizophrenia,Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to assess symptoms.The cut-off points were 18 and 25 years old for three age groups,i.e.early onset(EOS),youth onset(YOS)and adult onset(AOS).Statistical analy-ses were performed by analysis of variance Pearson correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results:The early-onset patients had the highest total PANSS score(73.8±28.0)and CRDPSS score(11.7±5.4).Fe-male gender,high education level,Han ethnicity,early onset age,and slower onset of illness were negatively corre-lated with the total and dimension score of PANSS scale and CRDPSS scale(standardized regression coefficient:0.04-0.47),and income level and smoking were negatively correlated with those score(standardized regression coefficient:-0.04--0.14).Conclusion:Early-onset schizophrenia patients have more severe symptoms,and fe-male,high education level,early-onset disease,and chronic onset are the risk factors of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between first-episode and relapse of major depressive disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To describe demographic,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder(MDD)and relapse MDD,and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD.Methods:Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity,and Hamilton Depression Scale etc.Among them,529(58.6％)were first-episode depression and 329(36.0％)were relapsed.The differences of demographic characteristics,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment were compared byx2test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recur-rence.Results:Compared to first-episode MDD,relapse MDD had more comorbidity(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.00-4.44),more days out of role(OR=1.26,95％CI:1.01-1.56),more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month(OR=1.41,95％CI:1.02-1.97)and electroconvulsive therapy(OR=3.23,95％CI:1.42-7.36),and higher waist-hip ratio(OR=33.88,95％CI:2.88-399.32).Conclusion:Relapse MDD has positive as-sociation with comorbidity of mental disorders,out of role,and higher waist-hip ratio.

Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar Ⅰ disorder and bipolar Ⅱ disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To compare demographic characteristics,clinical characteristics,therapeutic characteris-tics and physiological indicators of patients with bipolar Ⅰ disorder and bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Methods:A total of 381 patients with bipolar disorder(BD)diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 th Edi-tion(DSM-5)were selected,including 302 patients with BD-Ⅰ(79.27％),74 patients with BD-Ⅱ(19.42％)and 5 patients with other specific and related disorders(1.31％).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected with self-designed clinical information questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regres-sion analysis were used for analysis.Results:Compared with patients with BD-Ⅱ,patients with BD-Ⅰ had more risk to have psychotic features(OR=5.75,95％CI:2.82-11.76),longer disease duration,and more repeated transcra-nial magnetic therapy(OR=3.09,95％CI:1.02-9.35),higher uric acid,total cholesterol and high-density lipo-protein.BD-Ⅰ in Han nationality was more common(OR=11.50,95％CI:1.76-75.30),and had lower education level(OR=10.22,95％CI:1.16-89.77),and less family history of psychosis(OR=2.34,95％CI:1.01-5.42).Conclusion:There are significant differences between BD-Ⅰ and BD-Ⅱ in demographic and clinical charac-teristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators,which could provide clues for exploring the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.

Comparison of clinically relevant factors in bipolar disorder patients with different age of onset / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To compare clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and physiological indicators in bipolar disorder(BD)patients with different age of onset.Methods:Totally 380 patients with DSM-5 BD were se-lected in this study.Psychiatrists diagnosed the patients using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.The clinical information questionnaire and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale were utilized to collected clinical characteristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators.The onset age of BD was divided into 21 and 35 years as cut-off points.Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze related factors.Results:Among the 380 patients with BD,199 cases were early-onset group(52.4％),121 cases were middle-onset group(31.8％),and 60 cases were late-onset group(15.8％).There were 26.6％of patients in the early-onset group in-itially diagnosed as depression,23.1％in the middle-onset group,and 11.7％in the late-onset group.Multivariate analysis revealed that compared to the early-onset group of BD,the middle-onset(OR=2.22)and late-onset(OR=4.99)groups had more risk to experience depressive episodes,and the late-onset group(OR=6.74)had 6.74 times of risk to suffer from bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Additionally,patients in the middle-onset(β=-1.52)and late-on-set(β=-4.29)groups had shorter durations of delayed treatment,and those in the middle-onset(β=-1.62)and late-onset(β=-3.14)groups had fewer hospitalizations.Uric acid levels were lower in both the middle-onset(β=-28.39)and late-onset(β=-31.47)groups,and total cholesterol level was lower in the middle-onset group(β=-0.23).Conclusion:Patients with BD in different age of onset show significant differences in clinical charac-teristics,treatment conditions and physiological indicators.

Design,fieldwork implement and main findings of mental health survey in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To report the design,field investigation and main findings of mental health survey in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and to provide valid data for mental disorder prevention.Methods:According to the design of China Mental Health Survey,a cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 390 eligible participants se-lected by multi-stage sampling.The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to complete computer assisted personal interview.According to the diagnostic criterion of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ),the 12-month prevalence and lifetime prevalence were calculated using post-stratification weighting.Results:In 4 085 respondents interviewed in the survey,the 12-month prevalence rate of any mental disorder was 9.4％,and the lifetime prevalence was rate 15.1％.The prevalence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas(10.9％vs 7.9％,P＜0.01).The prevalence rates of anxiety disorder and mood disorder in the female were higher than those in the male(5.3％vs.2.9％,4.9％vs.3.3％,Ps＜0.05),while the prevalence rates of substanceuse disorder and impulse-control disorder were higher in the male than those in the fe-male(2.5％vs.0.2％,2.3％vs.1.5％,Ps＜0.05).The 12-month prevalence rate of any mental disorder showed a decreasing trend with age growth.Among those who met any mental disorder's criteria,93.4％never sought help,and 57.5％of the help seekers didn't receive any effective help.Conclusion:Mental disorders have become an important public health problem in Ningxia,prevention and control measures should be taken accordingly.

Prevalence of anxiety disorder in adults in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its distribution,and related factors in adults in Ningxia community.Methods:Using the method of China Mental Health Survey,anxiety disorder was investigated with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview,and related factors were analyzed.Twelve-month prevalence and life-time prevalence and their distributions were calculated according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results:A total of 4 085 respondents were interviewed in the survey.The 12-month prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder was 4.2％,and the lifetime prevalence rate was 5.6％.The 12-month prevalence rates of social phobia,special phobia and generalized anxiety disorder were higher in women than in men(P＜0.05).The prevalence of special phobia and any anxiety disorder in rural area was higher than that in urban area.Logistic regression model revealed that fe-male(OR=1.86,95％CI:1.32-2.64)had higher prevalence risk of anxiety disorder,and individuals with somat-ic pain had higher risk of anxiety disorder than those without(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Anxiety disorder is prevalent in Ningxia.It suggests that strengthening somatic pain community mental health service is necessary to develop tar-geted intervention programs among the high-risk population.

Current Status and Prospect of Orphan Drugs for Rare Skin Diseases in China / 罕见病研究

Rare diseases are characterized by extremely low incidence rate and small number of patients in total. The drugs used to treat rare diseases are called orphan drugs. Currently, 450 kinds of rare skin diseases have been identified, most of which lack in effective treatments. Supported by the policy-making from the country and pushed by all sectors of the society, drugs for rare skin diseases have been emerging continuously recently in China. This paper reviews the current accessibility of the orphan drugs for skin rare diseases that have been approved in China and in other countries and regions for a better understanding of rare dermatosis and orphan drugs for the diseases.

The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Most cases of MF display an indolent course during its early stage. However, in some patients, it can progress to the tumor stage with potential systematic involvement and a poor prognosis. SS is defined as an erythrodermic CTCL with leukemic involvements. The pathogenesis of MF and SS is still not fully understood, but recent data have found that the development of MF and SS is related to genetic alterations and possibly to environmental influences. In CTCL, many components interacting with tumor cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, mast cells, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, as well as with chemokines, cytokines and other key players, establish the tumor microenvironment (TME). In turn, the TME regulates tumor cell migration and proliferation directly and indirectly and may play a critical role in the progression of MF and SS. The TME of MF and SS appear to show features of a Th2 phenotype, thus dampening tumorrelated immune responses. Recently, several studies have been published on the immunological characteristics of MF and SS, but a full understanding of the CTCL-related TME remains to be determined. This review focuses on the role of the TME in MF and SS, aiming to further demonstrate the pathogenesis of the disease and to provide new ideas for potential treatments targeted at the microenvironment components of the tumor.

Mycosis Fungoides and Variants of Mycosis Fungoides: A Retrospective Study of 93 Patients in a Chinese Population at a Single Center

BACKGROUND@#Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common types of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It typically presents with erythematous patches and plaques in the early stage and tumors and extracutaneous involvement with possibly fatal outcomes in the late stage. To facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of MF, it is essential to be knowledgeable of classic and variants of this disease. However, there is limited published data in the Chinese population.@*OBJECTIVE@#To characterize our patient group and to provide additional insight into these malignancies.@*METHODS@#Patients diagnosed with mycosis fungoides and its variants from October 2012 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Disease-specific survival (DSS) rate and curve according to early and advanced stages were also calculated.@*RESULTS@#The mean age at diagnosis of ninety-three MF patients was 38.9±1.73 years (range: 6~77). Forty-five males (48.4%) and 48 females (51.6 %) were included in this study. The DSS rate of early-stage MF was 98.6%, while that of advanced stage MF was 88.9%. There was a significant difference in DSS rate between early stage and advanced stage MF (p=00.042, log-rank test). The median age of 10 patients with hypopigmented MF (hMF) was 10.5 years (range: 6~28). The age of hMF was younger than that of classical MF patients (p < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Early-stage MF has a better prognosis than advanced stage and hMF affects younger people than classic MF among Chinese. This study provides an insight into mycosis fungoides and its variants in a Chinese population.

Dermoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the dermoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).Methods Seventeen patients with VLS,who visited the Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between August 2015 and June 2017 and underwent dermoscopy and skin histopathological examination,were enrolled into this study.The dermoscopic images of 75 skin lesions were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results The common dermoscopic features in these VLS lesions included yellowish-white structureless areas (89.3％,67/75),reddish-violet globules or patches (77.3％,58/75),brownish or bluish-gray pigment structures (49％,37/75),shiny white streaks (40％,30/75),dotted vessels with irregular arrangement (28％,21/75),linear vessels (58.7％,44/75),hairpin-like vessels (6.7％,5/75),comma-like vessels (13％,10/75)and branching vessels (20％,15/75).Under dermoscopy,rosette sign could be observed in 3 (4％) lesions,comedo-like openings in 3 (4％) lesions,and keratotic plugs in 1 (1％) lesions.Conclusion Under dermoscopy,VLS is characterized by yellowishwhite structureless areas,reddish-violet globules or patches,pigment structures and vessels with various vessels.

High-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of seborrheic keratosis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To describe high-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of seborrheic keratosis (SK).Methods Between August and December in 2017,46 outpatients with SK were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,and 50 SK lesions were observed by 50-and 20-MHz high-frequency skin ultrasonography and dermoscopy.The highfrequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of SK lesions were summarized and analyzed.Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test for comparisons of evaluation results of SK lesions between 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography,and the correspondence between high-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of SK was analyzed by calculating the simple matching coefficient.Results As 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography showed,ultrasonographic features of SK lesions from top to bottom were enhanced hyperecho (48/50 vs.39/50,respectively,P =0.007),enhanced hyperechoic masses or spots in the stratum corneum (22/50 vs.11/50,respectively,P =0.019),sound shadows behind the epidermis (34/50 vs.13/50,respectively,P ＜ 0.001),skin lesions with regular shapes and clear borders (46/50 vs.41/50,respectively,P =0.137),heterogeneous hypoechoic areas in the lesions (50/50 vs.47/50,respectively,P =0.079) and internal hyperechoic spots (25/50 vs.2/50,respectively,P ＜0.001),the lesional bottom being at the same level (40/50 vs.36/50,respectively,P =0.349),and reduced dermal echogenicity below the lesion (50/50 vs.28/50,respectively,P ＜ 0.001).In regard to the overall evaluation of the above 8 ultrasonographic characteristics,50-MHz ultrasonography was superior to 20-MHz ultrasonography (P =0.002).The common dermoscopic features of the 50 SK lesions were clear borders (n =50),comedo-like openings (n =45),ridge or cerebriform pattern (n =31),hairpin-like vessels (n =30),multiple milia-like cysts (n =24),moth-eaten border (n =21) and shiny white streaks (n =3).Under 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography,the simple matching coefficients between enhanced hyperechoic masses or spots in the stratum corneum and comedo-like openings under dermoscopy were 42％ (21) and 20％ (10) respectively,and the simple matching coefficients between internal hyperechoic spots and multiple milialike cysts (＞ 3) under dermoscopy were 58％ (29) and 48％ (24) respectively.Conclusion Highfrequency skin ultrasonography and dermoscopy both are of great value to the assessment of SK lesions,and 50-MHz ultrasonography is superior to 20-MHz ultrasonography for imaging skin lesions.

Two-year prospective study of natural course and risk factors of depressive symptoms in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the natural course and psychosocial risk factors of depressive symptoms in college freshmen.Methods:Changes in depressive symptoms among college freshmen were observed for two year periods,self-reporting questionnaires were used to collect data every half yearly.The depressive symptoms were assessed with the Centre for Epidemiological Study-Depression Scale,and psychosocial factors were tested as the potential risk factors,rating by Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Neuroticism Subscale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale,Parental Rearing Scale,Adolescents Self-Rating Life Events Checklist,Epworth Sleepiness Scale,daytime sleep time,Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.Generalized estimating equations model was used to analyze the date.Results:Totally 1339 college students were recruited in the survey.It was found the depressive scores significantly increased in the second and third surveys,then decreased in the fourth and fifth surveys.Male (Coef=-1.01,SE =0.42,P =0.017),not interested in the major (Coef=3.89,SE =1.42,P =0.006),neuroticism(Coef =0.79,SE =0.23,P =0.001),self-esteem(Coef =-1.57,SE =0.25,P ＜ 0.001),anxiety(Coef =4.79,SE =0.16,P ＜ 0.001),life events (Coef =0.08,SE =0.01,P ＜ 0.00l),daytime sleepiness (Coef =0.80,SE =4.56,P ＜ 0.001) were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms.Conclusion:The first year of college is a critical time in the prevention depression.Not interested in the major,high neuroticism,low self-esteem,anxiety,life events,daytime sleepiness may be risk factors of depressive symptom in college students.

Methodology of the epidemiology studies of personality disorder in senior high school students in Beijing / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives: To describe prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and personality dysfunction in senior high school students in Beijing using cross-sectional study, to explore genetic and environmental risk factors of PD in adolescence using a case-control study, to establishand test the hypothesis of genetic and environmental risk factors of PD using a cohort study and describe the natural history of personality dysfunction, and to develop and test an intervention model of mental health education to community adolescents in Beijing using a community intervention trail. Methods: By means of cross-sectional study, case-control study, cohort study, and community intervention trial, 10003 senior high school students and their parents were investigated by Personality Disorder Questionnaire-fourth edition, Parental Rearing Behavior Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU), General Information Questionnaire, and International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to diagnose PD according to the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The subjects were followed-up for three years to observe the dynamic change of personal dysfunction and to evaluate the effect of intervention measure of mental health education. The univariate and multivariate analysis methods were applied for data analyses.

A cross-sectional study of personality disorder in senior high school students in Beijing / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives: To describe prevalence of personality dysfuction and personality disorders (PD) and their distribution in senior high school students in Beijing. Methods: By means of cross-sectional study, 10003 senior high school students were investigated by Personality Disorder Questionnaire-fourth edition (PDQ-4), Parental Rearing Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU), General Information Questionnaire, and International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to diagnose PD according to the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Results: In the students of first grade, the mean score of PDQ-4 was (25. 38 ± 9. 64). Male students had higher PDQ-4 scroes than those of female. Students in rural high schools had higher PDQ-4 scroes than those of students in urban high schools. Students in general high schools had the highest PDQ-4 scroes, followed by students in disctrict-level key high schools, and the students from city-level key high schools had the lowest PDQ-4 scroes. The prevalence rate of personality dysfunction was 8. 3％ with similar distributions of PDQ-4 scroes by gender, residential area, and rank of school. In the students of third grade, the mean score of PDQ-4 was (23. 10 ± 10. 20). Male students had higher PDQ-4 scroes than those of female. The prevalence rates of personality dysfunction and PD were 5. 8％ and 1. 83％, respectively. The correlation coefficients of EMBU had statistical significances and four common factors were identified by factor analysis. The heritability of overall PD of father and mother were 0. 71 and 0. 72, respectively. The heritability of each PD cluster was higher than 0. 6. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of personality dysfunction and personality disorder in Beijing, China is lower than those in other countries. The genetic factor plays an important role in the development of PD.

A review of genetic epidemiology of personality disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

This article reviews studies on the heredity of personality disorders and family environment factors from the population-based studies, and summarizes the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. Studies have shown that there is a genetic basis for personality disorders, including family studies, twin studies, and neurophysiological studies. In addition, environmental factors, including social psychological factors, also play an important role in the development of personality disorder. In sum, the occurrence of personality disorder is the result of interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors. This paper snmmarizes sresearch on personality disorders, and investigates the role of interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of personality disorders. Such evidence has implications for effective prevention and intervention of personality disorders.