Highly Efficient Wavelength-Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence Film Constructed by Responsive Chiral Aggregation-induced Emission Luminophore.

Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials with multitudinous inherent advantages shows extensive application. In this work, we prepare a kind of highly efficient wavelength-tunable CPL free-standing films by responsive chiral aggregation-induced emission mesogen. Firstly, the pyridine-functionalized tetraphenylethene monomer (MPy) is designed and synthesized. Then, the different ration of the monomer MPy mixed with the liquid crystal (LC) reactive monomer (LC242) to fabricate a free-standing film by photopolymerization. The obtained film presents efficient CPL with a constant luminescence asymmetry factor (glum ) of +0.75, as well as sensitive wavelength tunability. Finally, this wavelength-tunable CPL film with both fluorescence and CPL modes is successfully applied in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. This work provides a simple way to construct CPL apparatus with adjustable luminescence wavelength and high glum .

Short-term starvation synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of Niraparib via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND: Short-term starvation (STS) has gradually been confirmed as a treatment method that synergistically enhances the effect of chemotherapy on malignant tumours. In clinical applications, there are still some limitations of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), including understanding their effectiveness and side effects. Here, we sought to investigate the effect and mechanism of the combined use of STS and niraparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer. METHODS: In in vitro experiments, SKOV3 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells were treated with STS and niraparib alone or in combination. Cell viability was assessed with CCK-8, and cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and autophagy were examined to explore the molecular mechanisms. Akt and mTOR inhibitors were used to examine any changes in DNA damage repair levels. Xenograft animal models were treated with STS and niraparib, and HE staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the effects. RESULTS: The combined use of STS and niraparib inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis more than niraparib application alone. In addition, compared with the niraparib group, the STS + niraparib group had increased G2/M arrest, DNA damage and autophagy, which indicated that STS pretreatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In animal experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In in vivo experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib and reduced the small intestinal side effects caused by niraparib chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: STS pretreatment can synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of niraparib. STS + niraparib is a potentially effective strategy in the maintenance therapy of ovarian cancer.

MiR-140 targets Wnt1 to inhibit the proliferation and enhance drug sensitivity in osteosarcoma cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been documented to function differently in numerous human cancers. Our study planned to investigate the role of microRNA-140 (miR-140) and to identify its possible target in osteosarcoma (OS) to predict their mechanism in OS. The miR-140 was down-regulated in OS, and its high expression decreased MG63 cell proliferation. At the molecular level, Wnt1 was a target of miR-140, and its expression could be suppressed by miR-140. Besides, miR-140 overexpression decreased drug resistance in OS cells treated by doxorubicin. Collectively, overexpression of miR-140 may inhibit human OS cell proliferation and may enhance drug sensitivity by direct regulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling.

Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients Combined with Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 58 patients at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University who switched from PD to PHD. Clinical data and echocardiographic examination results were collected. Data from the two groups with a normal distribution were compared with the paired t-test. A pvalue <0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 58 subjects were enrolled, including 46 males and 12 females, with a median age of 50.2 ± 11.1 (47-68) years. The mean duration of peritoneal dialysis was 67.2 ± 33.6 months. Before and after PHD, the ultrafiltration volume (p = 0.021) and hemoglobin (p = 0.001) were increased, while SBP (p = 0.002), DBP (p = 0.002), phosphorus (p < 0.001), and ESA dosage (p < 0.001) were decreased. Before and after combined dialysis (PHD), the incidence of LVH was 76.4% and 61.8%, respectively (p = 0.013), and LVMI decreased from 173.8 ± 86.2 g/m2 to 160.6 ± 78.5 g/m2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared with PD alone, the combination of PD and HD resulted in regression of LVH and reduced LVMI.

Learning curve of robotic distal and total gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the learning curve of robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) and robotic total gastrectomy (RTG) for gastric cancer. METHODS: Data on consecutive patients who underwent robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer by five surgeons between March 2010 and August 2019 at two high-volume institutions were collected. The learning curve was determined based on the analyses of operation time and postoperative complications within 30 days. Cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) and risk-adjusted-CUSUM (RA-CUSUM) were applied to identify the turning points (TPs). RESULTS: A total of 899 consecutive patients were included. The mean number of patients needed to overcome the learning curve for operation time of RDG and RTG were 22 and 20, respectively. The number of patients needed to overcome the learning curve for postoperative complications after RDG and RTG were 23 and 18, respectively. The surgical outcomes in the post-TP group were better than in the pre-TP group and improved as surgeons' experience increased. Also, increased case numbers in RDG promoted the RTG learning process. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated a substantial influence of surgical cumulative volume on improved surgical outcomes in robotic gastrectomy. Increased experience in RDG may help surgeons to achieve proficiency faster in RTG.

Jumonji domain containing-3 (JMJD3) inhibition attenuates IL-1ß-induced chondrocytes damage in vitro and protects osteoarthritis cartilage in vivo.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the effects and relative mechanism of JMJD3 on knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: In this study, we first analyzed the expression of JMJD3 in OA cartilage using western blot and immunohistochemistry. In an in vitro study, the effects of GSK-J4, JMJD3 inhibitor, on ATDC-5 chondrocytes were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to examine the inhibitory effect of GSK-J4 on the inflammation and ECM degradation of chondrocytes. NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were measured by western blot and immunofluorescence. In the animal study, twenty mice were randomized into four experimental groups: sham group, DMM-induced OA + DMSO group, OA + low-dose GSK-J4 group, and OA + high-dose GSK-J4 group. After the treatment, hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O/fast green staining were used to evaluate cartilage degradation of knee joint, with OARSI scores for quantitative assessment of cartilage damage. RESULTS: Our results revealed that JMJD3 was overexpressed in OA cartilage and GSK-J4 could suppress the IL-1ß-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and catabolic enzymes, including IL-6, IL-8, MMP-9 and ADAMTS-5. Consistent with these findings, GSK-J4 could inhibit IL-1ß-induced degradation of collagen II and aggrecan. Mechanistically, GSK-J4 dramatically suppressed IL-1ß-stimulated NF-κB signal pathway activation. In vivo, GSK-J4 prevented cartilage damage in mouse DMM-induced OA model. CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the important role of JMJD3 in cartilage degeneration in OA, and our results indicate that JDJM3 may become a novel therapeutic target in OA therapy.

Artopithecins A-D, Prenylated 2-Arylbenzofurans from the Twigs of Artocarpus pithecogallus and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities.

Four new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, namely artopithecins A-D (1-4), together with five known compounds (5-9) were isolated from the twigs of Artocarpus pithecogallus for the first time. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and in comparison with literature data. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against mushroom tyrosinase. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant tyrosinase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 37.09±0.33 and 38.14±0.21 µM, respectively.

Prenylflavonoids from the Twigs of Artocarpus nigrifolius.

Two new prenylated flavones, artocarnin A (2) and carpachromenol (12), together with 13 known prenylflavonoids (1, 3-11, 13-15) were isolated from the twigs of Artocarpus nigrifolius for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by high resolution-electrospray ionization (HR-ESI)-MS, NMR spectroscopic analysis, and in comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1-15 were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against SiHa and SGC-7901 human cancer cell lines in vitro. The most active compound, eleocharin A (10), showed significant cytotoxicity on SiHa cells (IC50=0.7±0.1 µM) and inhibitory activity against SGC-7901 cells (IC50=8.3±0.2 µM) and could be considered as potential lead compound for further development of novel anti-tumor agents.

Controllability Analysis of the Neural Mass Model with Dynamic Parameters.

The development of control technology for the brain is of potential significance to the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and the improvement of humans' mental health. A controllability analysis of the brain is necessary to ensure the feasibility of the brain control. In this letter, we investigate the influences of dynamical parameters on the controllability in the neural mass model by using controllability indices as quantitative indicators. The indices are obtained by computing Lie brackets and condition numbers of the system model. We show how controllability changes with important parameters of our dynamical (neuronal) model. Our results suggest that the underlying dynamical parameters have certain ranges with better controllability. We hope it can play potential roles in therapy for brain nervous disorder disease.

New time-space-time optical packet switching node based on nonlinear polarization rotation of a semiconductor optical amplifier.

In this paper, we establish a simple model to analyze the semiconductor optical amplifier's (SOA) nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) and acquire the variable curves of phase difference between TE and TM modes with bias current, pump power, probe power, and linewidth enhancement factor (LEF). The results indicate that the optical switch based on the SOA's NPR can be realized by changing the pump's optical power and the main operating parameters, such as bias current and hold beam power, and then the pump power can be determined. On this basis, a time-space-time (T-S-T) optical packet switching node is proposed, in which the SOA's NPR switch is the basic element. Then, the T-S and S-T experimental systems are set up, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed switch scheme can implement the optical switching function in accordance with the routing requirement. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 20 dB, and the extinction ratio (ER) is more than 10 dB after being delayed and switched in the node.

Phenotypes of ATP-activated current associated with their genotypes of P2X1-6 subunits in neurons innervating tooth-pulp.

To explore the association of the phenotype of ATP-activated current with the genotype of P2X1-6 subunits in nociceptors, we developed a method that allows us to label nociceptive neurons innervating tooth-pulp in rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons using a retrograde fluorescence-tracing method, to record ATP-activated current in freshly isolated fluorescence-labeled neurons, and then to conduct single cell immunohistochemical staining for P2X1-6 subunits in the same neuron. We found that fast application of 100 µM ATP to fluorescence-traced TG neurons produced robust inward current in 87% (96/110) of cells tested. The diameter of cells varied from 16 to 56 µm. Three types of ATP-activated current (F, I and S) were recorded with distinct rise times of the current (R10-90, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the cell diameter and the value of R10-90 (P < 0.05): the value of R10-90 increased with increases in the cell diameter. Cells responsive to ATP with the type F current mainly showed positive staining for P2X3 and P2X5, but negative staining for P2X2; cells responsive to ATP with the type I current showed positive staining for P2X1-3 and P2X5, but negative staining for P2X4; and cells responsive to ATP with the type S current showed positive staining for P2X1-5, but negative staining for P2X6. The present findings suggest that in addition to P2X3 subunits, P2X5 subunits are also involved in the generation of the F type of ATP-activated current in small-sized nociceptive neurons. In addition to the P2X2/3 subunit-containing channels, more complex uncharacterized combinations of P2X1-5 subunits exist in native medium-sized nociceptive neurons exhibiting the I and S types of ATP-activated current. In addition, the P2X6 subunit is not a main subunit involved in the nociceptive signal in rat TG neurons innervating tooth-pulp.

An extract of Perilla stem inhibits Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP)-1 and influences insulin signaling.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are enzymes that catalyze protein tyrosine dephosphorylation of which Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is one of the best-validated, a widely distributed intracellular tyrosine phosphatase that contains two SH2 domains. Down regulation of SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatases was significantly increased sensitivity to insulin in insulin signaling pathway. Through in vitro enzymatic reaction kinetics experiment, we found that the extract of Perilla stem was a potential inhibitor to δSHP-1, the catalytic domain of SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, and its IC(50) was 4ug/ml, and was more sensitive towards SHP-1than other PTPs, which indicated that SHP-1 might be a target of the extract of Perilla stem. It can strengthened the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in HepG2 cells, and then activated the insulin signaling pathway through inhibiting the protein phosphorylation of SHP-1. These results demonstrated that the extract of Perilla stem could play an important role for diabetes treatment through inhibiting the level of SHP-1 in insulin signaling pathway.

Effect of systemic lupus erythematosus on the ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that occurs at higher rates in young women. Evidence suggests that SLE may be associated with ovarian dysfunction. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the possible effects of SLE on ovarian reserve function. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to July 2023 to identify studies that compared ovarian reserve in patients with SLE to that of healthy individuals. The study examined anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as outcomes. RESULTS: Thirteen studies (n=1017) were eligible for meta-analysis. Females with SLE had significantly lower levels of AMH (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.37 to -0.76, P<0.001) and AFC (WMD: -3.46, 95% CI: -4.57 to -2.34, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in FSH levels. Subgroup analyses by age of onset revealed that SLE patients with adult-onset had significantly lower AMH levels (WMD: -1.44, 95% CI: -1.71 to -1.18, P<0.001), lower AFCs (WMD: -3.11, 95% CI: -3.60 to -2.61, P<0.001) and higher FSH levels (WMD: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.05, P<0.01). However, SLE patients with juvenile-onset did not exhibit significant differences in their AMH and FSH levels, except for AFCs (WMD: -7.27, 95% CI: -12.39 to -2.14, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The impact of SLE on ovarian reserve is significant, and the effect may be particularly severe in cases of adult-onset SLE.

How Does Spino-Pelvic Fixation Affect Post-Operative Compensatory Mechanisms in Adult Spinal Deformity?

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective single-center multi-surgeon cohort study. OBJECTIVES: Compare the post-operative changes in the compensatory mechanisms of the sagittal balance according to the type of pelvic fixation: S2-Alar-iliac screws (S2AI) vs iliac screws (IS) in patients with Adult spine deformity (ASD). METHODS: ASD patients who underwent spino-pelvic fixation and remained with a PI-LL >10° mismatch post-operatively were included. Pre-operative and 1-year-follow-up PI, Lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), femur obliquity angle (FOA), knee flexion angle (KFA) and ankle flexion angle (AFA) were analyzed on EOS imaging. Patients were categorized based on their pelvic fixation type (S2AI vs IS), and the pre-operative to 1-year-post-operative changes (ΔX°) in the compensatory mechanisms were compared between groups. RESULTS: Patients with S2AI (n = 53) and those with IS (n = 26) screws were comparable at baseline. ΔSS averaged 9.87° in the S2AI compared to 13.2° in the IS (P = .001), whereas the ΔKFA reached 6.01° in the S2AI as opposed to 3.06° in the IS (P = .02). The ΔPT was comparable between both groups (6.35°[S2AI group] vs 5.21°[ISgroup], P = .42). ΔTK, ΔLL, ΔFOA and ΔAFA were comparable between both groups. CONCLUSION: The type of pelvic fixation impacts significantly the post-operative compensatory mechanisms in patients with ASD. Patients with S2AI screws are more likely to compensate their remaining post-operative PI-LL mismatch through their knees and less likely through their pelvis compared to patients with IS, despite similar changes in PT. This could be explained by an increased SI joint laxity in ASD patient and the lower resistance of the iliac connectors to the junctional mechanical stresses, allowing for sacro-iliac joint motion in patients with IS.

A pulsated weak-resonant-cavity laser diode with transient wavelength scanning and tracking for injection-locked RZ transmission.

By spectrally slicing a single longitudinal-mode from a master weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode with transient wavelength scanning and tracking functions, the broadened self-injection-locking of a slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode is demonstrated to achieve bi-directional transmission in a 200-GHz array-waveguide-grating channelized dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network system. Both the down- and up-stream slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diodes are non-return-to-zero modulated below threshold and coherently injection-locked to deliver the pulsed carrier for 25-km bi-directional 2.5 Gbits/s return-to-zero transmission. The master weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode is gain-switched at near threshold condition and delivers an optical coherent pulse-train with its mode linewidth broadened from 0.2 to 0.8 nm by transient wavelength scanning, which facilitates the broadband injection-locking of the slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diodes with a threshold current reducing by 10 mA. Such a transient wavelength scanning induced spectral broadening greatly releases the limitation on wavelength injection-locking range required for the slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diode. The theoretical modeling and numerical simulation on the wavelength scanning and tracking effects of the master and slave weak-resonant-cavity Fabry-Perot laser diodes are performed. The receiving power sensitivity for back-to-back transmission at bit-error-rate <10(-10) is -25.6 dBm, and the power penalty added after 25-km transmission is less than 2 dB for all 16 channels.

Crossmodal recruitment of the ventral visual stream in congenital blindness.

We used functional MRI (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that blind subjects recruit the ventral visual stream during nonhaptic tactile-form recognition. Congenitally blind and blindfolded sighted control subjects were scanned after they had been trained during four consecutive days to perform a tactile-form recognition task with the tongue display unit (TDU). Both groups learned the task at the same rate. In line with our hypothesis, the fMRI data showed that during nonhaptic shape recognition, blind subjects activated large portions of the ventral visual stream, including the cuneus, precuneus, inferotemporal (IT), cortex, lateral occipital tactile vision area (LOtv), and fusiform gyrus. Control subjects activated area LOtv and precuneus but not cuneus, IT and fusiform gyrus. These results indicate that congenitally blind subjects recruit key regions in the ventral visual pathway during nonhaptic tactile shape discrimination. The activation of LOtv by nonhaptic tactile shape processing in blind and sighted subjects adds further support to the notion that this area subserves an abstract or supramodal representation of shape. Together with our previous findings, our data suggest that the segregation of the efferent projections of the primary visual cortex into a dorsal and ventral visual stream is preserved in individuals blind from birth.

Accuracy validation for medical image registration algorithms: a review.

Accuracy validation is essential to clinical application of medical image registration techniques. Registration validation remains a challenging problem in practice mainly due to lack of 'ground truth'.In this paper, an overview of current validation methods for medical image registration is presented with detailed discussion of their benefits and drawbacks.Special focus is on non-rigid registration validation. Promising solution is also discussed.

[Methods for grain size analysis of nanomedicines].

As nanomedicines are developing fast in both academic and market areas, building up suitable methods for nanomedicine analysis with proper techniques is an important subject, requiring further research. The techniques, which could be employed for grain size analysis of nanomedicines, were reviewed. Several key techniques were discussed with their principles, scope of applications, advantages and defects. Their applications to nanomedine analysis were discussed according to the properties of different nanomedicines, with the purpose of providing some suggestions for the control and administration of nanomedicines.

Embedded AI system for interactive vision screen based on human action recognition.

In recent years, vision screening has emerged globally for employment (on a yearly basis) within primary and high schools since myopia heavily affects school-aged children. However, this is a laborious and time-consuming task. This article proposes an intelligent system for "self-service" vision screening. Individuals can accomplish this task independently-without any assistance by technical staff. The technical solution involved within this platform is human action recognition realized by pose estimation (real-time human joint localization in images, including detection, association, and tracking). The developed system is based on a compact and embedded artificial intelligence platform, aided by a red-green-blue-D sensor for ranging and pose extraction. A set of intuitive upper-limb actions was designed for unambiguous recognition and interaction. The deployment of this intelligent system brings great convenience for large-scale and rapid vision screening. Implementation details were extensively described, and the experimental results demonstrated efficiency for the proposed technique.

Preliminary single-arm study of brain effects during transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation treatment of recurrent depression by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the brain effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) treatment of recurrent depression based on the functional brain network by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Twenty-five patients with recurrent depression were enrolled in a single-arm trial of taVNS treatment for eight weeks. Clinical results were assessed by 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) scales. Resting-state fMRI was conducted to explore the brain effects before and after treatment. For the functional connectivity (FC) analysis, the bilateral nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen were selected as seeds. Finally, the correlations between FC and the clinical scale scores were calculated. RESULTS: After treatment, the patients' scores of HAMD-17, HAMA, SDS, SAS, and RRS were significantly decreased ( < 0.05). FC was considerably decreased between the following areas: the left globus pallidus and the right postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, the right globus pallidus and the left superior marginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, precuneus, right postcentral gyrus, superior marginal gyrus, and inferior parietal gyrus, between the right caudate and the right lingual gyrus, calcarine gyrus, and cerebellum. Changes in FC between the right globus pallidus and the left inferior parietal gyrus, between the left globus pallidus and the right postcentral gyrus were negatively correlated with HAMD-17 scores change before and after treatment (before, = 0.003, = -0.6; after, 0.009,= -0.54). The change of FC between the right globus pallidus and the right postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with the change in SDS (= 0.026,= -0.474). The difference in FC between the right globus pallidus and the right postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with the change in SAS (= 0.016,= -0.513). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent depression could be effectively treated with taVNS. The changes in brain FC involving the basal ganglia, default mode, and sensorimotor networks provide insight into the effects of taVNS treatment on recurrent depression.