RESUMEN
Cutaneous mast cells mediate numerous skin inflammatory processes and have anatomical and functional associations with sensory afferent neurons. We reveal that epidermal nerve endings from a subset of sensory nonpeptidergic neurons expressing MrgprD are reduced by the absence of Langerhans cells. Loss of epidermal innervation or ablation of MrgprD-expressing neurons increased expression of a mast cell gene module, including the activating receptor, Mrgprb2, resulting in increased mast cell degranulation and cutaneous inflammation in multiple disease models. Agonism of MrgprD-expressing neurons reduced expression of module genes and suppressed mast cell responses. MrgprD-expressing neurons released glutamate which was increased by MrgprD agonism. Inhibiting glutamate release or glutamate receptor binding yielded hyperresponsive mast cells with a genomic state similar to that in mice lacking MrgprD-expressing neurons. These data demonstrate that MrgprD-expressing neurons suppress mast cell hyperresponsiveness and skin inflammation via glutamate release, thereby revealing an unexpected neuroimmune mechanism maintaining cutaneous immune homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Piel/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Dermatitis/metabolismo , Dermatitis/patología , Toxina Diftérica/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Cadenas beta de Integrinas/genética , Cadenas beta de Integrinas/metabolismo , Células de Langerhans/citología , Células de Langerhans/efectos de los fármacos , Células de Langerhans/metabolismo , Mastocitos/citología , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Neuronas/citología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/deficiencia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Piel/patología , beta-Alanina/química , beta-Alanina/metabolismo , beta-Alanina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Following antigen-driven expansion in lymph node, transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß) is required for differentiation of skin-recruited CD8+ T cell effectors into epidermal resident memory T (Trm) cells and their epidermal persistence. We found that the source of TGFß -supporting Trm cells was autocrine. In addition, antigen-specific Trm cells that encountered cognate antigen in the skin, and bystander Trm cells that did not, both displayed long-term persistence in the epidermis under steady-state conditions. However, when the active-TGFß was limited or when new T cell clones were recruited into the epidermis, antigen-specific Trm cells were more efficiently retained than bystander Trm cells. Genetically enforced TGFßR signaling allowed bystander Trm cells to persist in the epidermis as efficiently as antigen-specific Trm cells in both contexts. Thus, competition between T cells for active TGFß represents an unappreciated selective pressure that promotes the accumulation and persistence of antigen-specific Trm cells in the epidermal niche.