Clinical and epidemiological risk factors for infantile hemangioma: A case-control study.

There is limited data on risk-factors of infantile hemangioma (IH) in African and Arab countries. One hundred thirty-two patients with IH were enrolled and compared to 282 healthy controls. Female sex (odds ratios [OR]: 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.6), low birth weight (OR: 4.5; 95% CI 1.9-10.6), and progesterone intake (OR: 38.6; 95% CI 5-296) were the only independent risk factors identified for development of IH, while no associations were found multiple gestation and preeclampsia.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for benign diseases in gynecology: A nationwide survey by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

AIM: This study aimed to clarify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on gynecology practice in Japan, in particular, on surgeries for benign gynecological diseases. METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed to 966 facilities in Japan, including core facilities, facilities participating in perinatal and gynecologic oncology registries, and facilities certified for training by the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Endoscopy. The number of surgeries performed was compared between 2019 and 2020, when the novel coronavirus disease was prevalent. RESULTS: Five hundred and eighty (58.2%) facilities responded. The total number of surgeries decreased from 129 648 in 2019 to 118 565 in 2020, by 8.5%, for all surgical procedures. However, there was a clear increase in the number of robotic surgeries performed in 2020 compared to that in 2019 for all populations. The number of total hysterectomies decreased markedly from 15 385 in 2019 to 12 531 in 2020, a fall of 10.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The number of surgeries for benign gynecological diseases decreased by 8.5% in 2020 compared to that in 2019. This value is among the lowest in the world.

Basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome: acquired sporadic variant with hypothyroidism, hypohidrosis and alopecia, a rare case.

Basaloid follicular hamartoma is a rare benign malformation of hair follicles, characterised clinically as generalised or localised multiple brown papules mostly on face, scalp and trunk. It may be congenital or acquired with or without any associated disease. Histologically it is composed of epithelial proliferation of basaloid cells with radial disposition enclosed in a fibrous stroma. It is of important consideration because it can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma both clinically and histologically. Here we report the case of a 51-year-old female with acquired, generalised basaloid follicular hamartomas associated with alopecia, hypothyroidism and hypohidrosis which is an extremely rare disease.

Adenomatoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract - a case-series and review of the literature.

AIMS: Adenomatoid tumours are mesothelial-derived benign neoplasms with a predilection for the genital tract. Extragenital sites are rare and can cause significant diagnostic challenges. Herein, we describe the clinicopathological features of a cohort of adenomatoid tumours involving the gastrointestinal tract and liver in order to more clearly characterise their histological findings and aid in diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pathology databases at four institutions were searched for adenomatoid tumours involving the gastrointestinal tract or liver, yielding eight cases. Available clinicoradiological and follow-up data were collected from the medical records. Six tumours were incidentally discovered during imaging studies or at the time of surgical exploration for unrelated conditions; presenting symptoms were unknown in two patients. Histologically, the tumours were well-circumscribed, although focal ill-defined borders were present in four cases. No infiltration of adjacent structures was identified. Architectural heterogeneity was noted in five (63%) tumours; an adenoid pattern often predominated. The neoplastic cells were flattened to cuboidal with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vacuoles mimicking signet ring-like cells were present in five (63%) cases. Three (38%) cases showed involvement of the mesothelium with reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. Cytological atypia or increased mitotic activity was not identified. The surrounding stroma ranged from oedematous/myxoid to densely hyalinised. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mesothelial origin in all cases evaluated. No patients developed recurrence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The current study evaluates the clinicopathological findings in a collective series of gastrointestinal and hepatic adenomatoid tumours, correlating with those described in individually reported cases. We highlight common histological features and emphasise variable findings that could mimic a malignant neoplasm.

Pediatric chest wall masses: spectrum of benign findings on ultrasound.

A palpable finding along the chest wall is a frequent indication for pediatric US. Accurate identification of benign lesions can reassure families and appropriately triage children who need follow-up, cross-sectional imaging, or biopsy. In this pictorial essay, we review chest wall anatomy, illustrate US techniques and discuss key US imaging features of common benign lesions and normal variants.

Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares Analysis of In Vivo Skin Raman Spectra.

In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has been used to study biological tissues. However, the analysis of experimental Raman spectra is still challenging, since the Raman spectra of most biological tissue components overlap significantly and it is difficult to separate individual components. New methods of analysis are needed that would allow for the decomposition of Raman spectra into components and the evaluation of their contribution. The aim of our work is to study the possibilities of the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method for the analysis of skin tissues in vivo. We investigated the Raman spectra of human skin recorded using a portable conventional Raman spectroscopy setup. The MCR-ALS analysis was performed for the Raman spectra of normal skin, keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and pigmented nevus. We obtained spectral profiles corresponding to the contribution of the optical system and skin components: melanin, proteins, lipids, water, etc. The obtained results show that the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares analysis can provide new information on the biochemical profiles of skin tissues. Such information may be used in medical diagnostics to analyze Raman spectra with a low signal-to-noise ratio, as well as in various fields of science and industry for preprocessing Raman spectra to remove parasitic components.

Giant Anal Fibroepithelial Polyp in a Healthy Teenage Boy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Fibroepithelial polyps of the anus have been described as mucosal hypertrophy in response to chronic irritation or tissue damage. Lesions usually remain small and mostly present in elderly adults with local disease. Case Report: An otherwise healthy 15-year-old male presented with a giant pedunculated mass projecting out of the anal verge that enlarged over 2 years, causing discomfort. Results: Upon surgical excision and histologic examination, the mass resembled a fibroepithelial polyp with numerous dilated lymphatics. Conclusions: While literature describes the spectrum of pathology possible in such lesions, often consisting of a mixture of stromal and epithelial components, dilated lymphatics are less common. This giant anal fibroepithelial polyp characterized by edematous stroma and numerous dilated lymphatics is consistent with lymphangioma. To our knowledge, this presentation is novel in this age group with no underlying risk factors.

Hip dislocation based on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in a patient with Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMN): A rare coexistence.

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a rare congenital benign neoplasm with the potential to become malignant. Various extracutaneous malformations may accompany GCMN. Acetabular dysplasia accompanying GCMN was described in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this case report of ours is the first reported case of GCMN diagnosed and treated with hip dislocation based on developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The rare coexistence prompted us to report this case.

[The experience of interdisciplinary interaction in elimination of midface deformation (clinical observation)]. / Opyt mezhdistsiplinarnogo vzaimodeistviya pri ustranenii deformatsii srednei zony litsa (klinicheskoe nablyudenie).

Fibrous dysplasia is a hamartoma appearing as a benign pathologic process in which normal bone tissue formation is replaced by overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue. The problem of diagnosis and treatment of patients with fibrous dysplasia remains unsolved in the absence of a uniform understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. Treatment and rehabilitation of patients with midface fibrous dysplasia is a complicated medico-social problem, which requires interaction of specialists of different fields to resolve it. The disease presents a practical interest for doctors of more than 20 specialties, as it can lead to disability. The present article describes a clinical case of interdisciplinary interaction of specialists in the fields of maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, plastic surgery and radiology involved in complex treatment of a patient with midface fibrous dysplasia accompanied by eyeball dislocation, decreased vision, as well as progressive impairment of nasal breathing function. The performed treatment resulted in favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes including elimination of exophthalmos, vertical strabismus, lacrimation disorders, nasal breathing disorders, increase of visual acuity and improvement of external appearance.

The prevalence of secondary neoplasms in acromegalic patients: possible preventive and/or protective role of metformin.

BACKGROUND: Acromegaly is a rare disease due to chronic growth hormone (GH) excess and the consequent increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Both GH and IGF-1 play a role in intermediate metabolism affecting glucose homeostasis. The association between hyperinsulinemia/impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of cancer has been clarified. Insulin has a mitogenic effect through its interaction with the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) that also binds IGF-1. On the other hand, metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug that decreases serum levels of insulin and IGF-1, could have a protective role in the treatment of endocrine tumors. METHODS: A retrospective, observational, multicenter study in 197 acromegalic patients, receiving/not receiving metformin, was performed to assess whether the prevalence of neoplasms might be correlated with insulin resistance and could eventually be modified by metformin treatment. RESULTS: In general, the occurrence of secondary neoplasia among our patients was significantly (pV = 0.035) associated with a positive family history of malignancy and with disease duration; a trend towards significance was observed in patients aged > 50 years. Acromegalic subjects who had undergone surgery showed a lower probability of developing a malignant tumor, whereas a higher prevalence of malignancies was observed in obese patients. No significant statistical difference was found when comparing metformin-treated or -untreated subjects for the presence of a second tumor. More interestingly, a trend towards statistical significance (pV = 0.065) was demonstrated in the metformin-treated group for the onset of a benign neoplasm. CONCLUSION: Metformin could act directly on tumor cell metabolism and may have an adjuvant role in benign lesion progression.

Bilateral Mirror-Symmetrical Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath in the Foot and Ankle: A Case Report.

Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath is a slowly growing benign tumor. It usually arises from the tendon sheath and periarticular soft tissue of small joints. However, it may infrequently involve the large joints emerging around the knee, elbow, and hip joints. Giant cell tumor of the tibialis tendon sheath is rarely reported in the foot and ankle joint. Here, we report the first case in the medical literature of bilateral mirror-symmetrical giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in the foot and ankle. A 12-year-old male presented with a bilateral and mirror-image mass on his ankles extending to the foot. It was painless but affected his gait and footwear. Staged complete resection was done first on the right then on the left side, with no recurrence after 1 year. The role of genes can be argued for this presentation and giant cell tumor's etiology, owing to the bilateralism and mirror-image presentation. Studies are needed to explore this genetic aspect and its role in management.

Case report of a female child with right nasal chondromyxoid fibroma.

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare tumour, representing <1% of all primary bone neoplasm. We report the case of a four-year-old female child with a one-year history of nasal obstruction and facial swelling. A large enhanced lesion with amorphous densities spreading into the right cribriform plate and floor of sphenoid sinus, laterally into the right lamina papyracea, inferolaterally into the medial wall of maxillary sinus, posteriorly into the nasopharynx and superior aspect of oropharynx was observed on CT scan. The mass was excised by Caldwell Luc's endoscopic medial maxillectomy via sublabial approach. CMF was confirmed histopathologically.

Cryptosporidium baileyi Pulmonary Infection in Immunocompetent Woman with Benign Neoplasm.

Cryptosporidium baileyi, a bird-specific parasite, infects gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and urinary tracts of its host. We report on a C. baileyi infection associated with pulmonary hamartoma in an immunocompetent patient in Poland. Further work is needed to investigate the association between Cryptosporidium infections and tumors.

Duodenal Schwannoma as a Rare Association With Membranous Nephropathy: A Case Report.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) associated with malignancies is a well-known entity. However, its association with benign neoplasm is not broadly recognized. A 69-year-old man with recurrent nephrotic syndrome presented with pedal edema and proteinuria of 5 months' duration. Laboratory results showed hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Proteinuria was estimated to be protein excretion of 3.5g/d. Studies were negative for viral hepatitis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, autoimmune diseases, and paraproteinemia. Kidney biopsy disclosed MN with negative phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) staining, favoring a secondary form of MN. Computed tomography detected a 7.6-cm duodenal schwannoma. Elective surgical resection was performed. Pathologic study showed that THSD7A (thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A) was positive in both glomeruli and schwannoma. Commonly, secondary MN is related to underlying conditions, including lupus, hepatitis, and neoplasm, and can be medication induced. The risk for developing a concomitant neoplasm among patients with PLA2R-negative MN is up to 12 times higher than in the general population. Most of these neoplasms are malignancies, and the presence of autoantibodies directed at similar tissue targets is hypothesized as the potential mechanism. In our case, THSD7A may be the autoantibody that has linked the schwannoma and the development of MN. Although benign tumors rarely produce renal manifestations, effective treatment may lead to resolution of nephrotic syndrome.

A novel treatment for idiopathic knuckle pads with cantharidin-podophylotoxin-salicylic acid.

Knuckle pads are benign subcutaneous nodules that appear most frequently on the small joints of the hands. In children, they are often idiopathic, and no universally effective treatment has been reported. We present the case of an adolescent successfully treated with a combination of topical cantharidin -podophylotoxin -salicylic acid.

Ectopic immature renal tissue presenting as a pedunculated sacral mass in a neonate.

Ectopic immature renal tissue (EIRT) has been reported in a variety of tissues of mesodermal origin, including the dermis of the skin. We report a case of a newborn with a congenital lumbosacral mass with pathologic findings consistent with EIRT. This report highlights the clinical and pathologic considerations of EIRT, including associations with spinal dysraphism, teratoma, and Wilm's tumor.

Technical analysis of US imaging for precise microwave ablation for benign breast tumours.

PURPOSE: To determine the characteristics of ultrasound (US) imaging of completely ablated cases and the effects of duration and clinical experience on accurate microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of benign breast tumours. METHODS: With written informed consent and approval of the institutional ethics committee, patients with symptomatic or palpable benign breast tumours (longest diameter, 7-32 mm), to whom MWA (2450 MHz) was performed, were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomised study. US and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) images were applied for follow-up and analysed. RESULTS: Forty-seven consecutive patients with 52 completely ablated tumours were enrolled. Of these 52 tumour ablations in US, 16 ablations were defined as concentric type, and 36 were defined as nonconcentric type. Of these 52 ablations, 7 cases were defined as nonaccurate ablation with the largest margin ≥10 mm in US. The nonaccurate ablation rate in the training group (the first consecutive 30 cases, 7/30) was significant higher than that (the last 22 cases, 0/22) in the practiced group (p = 0.016). Of 38 completely ablated cases (9 mm < the longest diameter <20 mm), the average largest margin in >70 s group was significant larger than that in <70 s group (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Experience was important for accurate MWA in the treatment of benign breast tumour, and at least 30 cases training was recommended. Nevertheless, clinical trials are still required to validate our findings in the future.