Evaluation of serum prolidase enzyme activity and oxidative stress in patients with tinnitus.

INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is defined as the perception of sound in the head or in the head in the absence of external sounds. The cause of tinnitus is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the serum levels of total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, serum prolidase enzyme activity and the oxidative stress index in patients with tinnitus to those of normal subjects. METHODS: Twenty five patients with tinnitus (mean age 34.3) and 25 healthy controls (mean age 37.2) were included in the study. RESULTS: Total oxidant status levels in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.037). The mean total oxidant status value was 2.54±0.95mmoL/L in the patient group, and 2.06±0.98mmoL/L in the control group. The mean oxidative stress index level was 0.22±0.10AU in the patient group, while it was 0.17±0.08AU in the control group. Oxidative stress index was significantly higher in the patient group (0.026). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of total antioxidant status values (p=0.838). The mean serum prolidase enzyme activity level was 202.74±33.56U/L in the patient group and 175.46±42.68U/L in the control group. Serum prolidase enzyme activity levels in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (0.040). CONCLUSION: We detected that the total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and serum prolidase enzyme activity levels were higher in patients with tinnitus when compared to the healthy controls. This finding suggests that oxidative stress index and serum prolidase enzyme activity may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of tinnitus.

[Effects of music therapy on pain and oxidative stress in oocyte pick-up: a randomized clinical trial]. / Efeitos da musicoterapia sobre dor e estresse oxidativo na aspiração folicular: estudo clínico randomizado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the effects of Turkish classical music on pain and oxidative stress in patients undergoing oocyte pick-up. METHODS: The study was a randomized, controlled trial. The groups included were Group NM (Non-Music), control group; Group PM, which comprised patients who listened to music before the operation; and Group CM, which comprised patients who listened to music both before and during the operation. Blood was drawn prior to the operation to measure the oxidative stress values. Pain, hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress values were assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: The number of patients requiring additional propofol was higher in Group PM than in Groups NM and CM (p=0.003). The postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score were lower in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM (p=0.001, p=0.007) in the 1st and 60th minutes. The postoperative VAS score was lower in Group CM than in Group NM (p=0.045) in the 5th minute. The postoperative additional analgesic requirements were lower in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM (p=0.045). The postoperative blood glutathione peroxidase values were significantly higher in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM (p=0.001). The postoperative catalase values were significantly higher in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM (p=0.008 and p ≤0.001). The preoperative malondialdehyde values were significantly lower in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM. The preoperative nitric oxide values were higher in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM (p ≤0.001), whereas the postoperative nitric oxide values were lower in Groups PM and CM than in Group NM (p ≤0.001). CONCLUSION: Turkish classical music has beneficial effects on pain and oxidative stress in oocyte pick-up patients.

[Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial]. / Efeitos do bloqueio peridural caudal em pacientes cirúrgicos pediátricos: estudo randomizado.

BACKGROUND: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. METHODS: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. RESULTS: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 hours (p = 0.002) and 6 hours (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication.

[Lidocaine in oncological surgery: the role of blocking in voltage-gated sodium channels. A narrative review]. / Lidocaína em cirurgia oncológica: o papel do bloqueio dos canais de sódio dependentes de voltagem. Revisão narrativa.

BACKGROUND: The current evidence suggests that oncological surgery, which is a therapy used in the treatment of solid tumors, increases the risk of metastasis. In this regard, a wide range of tumor cells express Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (VGSC), whose biological roles are not related to the generation of action potentials. In epithelial tumor cells, VGSC are part of cellular structures named invadopodia, involved in cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Recent studies showed that lidocaine could decrease cancer recurrence through its direct effects on tumor cells and immunomodulatory properties on the stress response. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the role of VGSC in tumor cells, and to describe the potential antiproliferative effect of lidocaine during the pathogenesis of metastasis. CONTENTS: A critical review of literature from April 2017 to April 2019 was performed. Articles found on PubMed (2000-2019) were considered. A free text and MeSH-lidocaine; voltage-gated sodium channels; tumor cells; invadopodia; surgical stress; cell proliferation; metastasis; cancer recurrence-for articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese language-was used. A total of 62 were selected. CONCLUSION: In animal studies, lidocaine acts by blocking VGSC and other receptors, decreasing migration, invasion, and metastasis. These studies need to be replicated in humans in the context of oncological surgery.

Training in child care and carrying out auriculotherapy techniques for mothers of premature newborns: double-blind clinical trial / Treinamento em cuidados infantis e técnicas de auriculoterapia a mães de recém-nascidos prematuros: ensaio clínico duplo-cego

Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to investigate the effect of education and auriculotherapy on stress, anxiety, and depression, and coping responses in mothers with premature infants. Methods: this is a randomized clinical trial study at Bahar Hospital carried out with 90 mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Those eligible for hospitalization were included in the study and distributed into three groups before intervention: (30 ones in the control, training, and auriculotherapy groups, respectively). The mean stress, anxiety, depression, and coping responses in mothers were measured both at the beginning of the study and before neonatal discharge. Results: there was no statistically significant difference in terms of anxiety, stress, and depression scores between the three groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention, there was a significant statistical difference between these three groups, which was among the mean scores of anxiety, stress, and depression. In terms of coping responses, the mean emotional and problem-oriented score in all three groups before and after the intervention is statistically significant. Conclusions: educating mothers and auriculotherapy pressure therapy are simple and practical methods in reducing anxiety, stress, depression, and increase coping responses; consequently, they can be used in neonatal intensive care.

Resumo Objetivos: este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da educação e da auriculoterapia no estresse, ansiedade e depressão e nas respostas de enfrentamento em mães com bebês prematuros. Métodos: este é um estudo de ensaio clínico randomizado no Bahar Hospital realizado com 90 mães de bebês prematuros internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Os elegíveis para internação foram incluídos no estudo e distribuídos em três grupos antes da intervenção: (30 nos grupos controle, treinamento e auriculoterapia, respectivamente). O estresse médio, ansiedade, depressão e respostas de enfrentamento em mães foram medidas no início do estudo e antes da alta neonatal. Resultados: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos escores de ansiedade, estresse e depressão entre os três grupos antes da intervenção. No entanto, após a intervenção, houve uma diferença estatística significativa entre esses três grupos, que foi entre a pontuação média de ansiedade, estresse e depressão. Em termos de respostas de enfrentamento, a pontuação média emocional e orientada para o problema em todos os três grupos antes e depois da intervenção é estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: a educação das mães e a terapia de pressão com auriculoterapia são métodos simples e práticos na redução da ansiedade, estresse, depressão e aumento das respostas de enfrentamento; conseqüentemente, podem ser utilizados em terapia intensiva neonatal.

Oxidative and osmotolerant effects in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) red blood cells during hibernation

Abstract Hibernation is a natural condition of animals that lives in the temperate zone, although some tropical lizards also experience hibernation annually, such as the lizard native from South America, Salvator merianae, or tegu lizard. Even though physiological and metabolic characteristic associated with hibernation have been extensively studied, possible alterations in the red blood cells (RBC) integrity during this period remains unclear. Dehydration and fasting are natural consequences of hibernating for several months and it could be related to some cellular modifications. In this study, we investigated if the osmotic tolerance of RBCs of tegu lizard under hibernation is different from the cells obtained from animals while normal activity. Additionally, we indirectly investigated if the RBCs membrane of hibernating tegus could be associated with oxidation by quantifying oxidized biomolecules and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Our findings suggest that RBCs are more fragile during the hibernation period, although we did not find evidence of an oxidative stress scenario associated with the accentuated fragility. Even though we did not exclude the possibility of oxidative damage during hibernation, we suggested that an increased RBCs volume as a consequence of hypoosmotic blood during hibernation could also affect RBCs integrity as noted.

Resumo A hibernação é uma condição natural dos animais que vivem na zona temperada, embora alguns lagartos tropicais também experenciem hibernação anualmente, como é o caso do lagarto nativo da América do Sul, Salvator merianae ou teiú. Embora as características fisiológicas e metabólicas associadas à hibernação tenham sido amplamente estudadas, possíveis alterações na integridade das hemácias durante esse período ainda permanecem obscuras. A desidratação e o jejum são consequências naturais da hibernação por vários meses e podem estar relacionadas a algumas modificações celulares. Neste estudo, investigamos se a tolerância osmótica de hemácias do lagarto teiú sob hibernação são diferentes das células obtidas de animais em atividade normal. Além disso, investigamos indiretamente por meio da quantificação de biomoléculas oxidadas e da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes se a membrana das hemácias dos teiús em hibernação poderia estar associada à oxidação. Nossos resultados sugerem que as hemácias possuem maior fragilidade durante o período de hibernação, embora não tenhamos encontrado evidências de um cenário de estresse oxidativo associado à essa fragilidade acentuada. Embora não tenhamos excluído a possibilidade de dano oxidativo durante a hibernação, sugerimos que um aumento no volume das hemácias como consequência de sangue hipoosmótico durante a hibernação também poderia afetar a integridade de hemácias, tal como foi observado.

Oral glutamine dipeptide or oral glutamine free amino acid reduces burned injury progression in rats

Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Glutamine, as a dipeptide or a free amino acid form, on the progression of burn injuries in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were burned with a comb metal plate heated in boiling water (98 °C) for three minutes, creating four rectangular full-thickness burn areas separated by three unburned interspaces (zone of stasis) in both dorsum sides. The animals were randomized into three groups (n=10): saline solution (G1-Control) and treated groups that orally received Glutamine as dipeptide (G2-Dip) or free amino acid (G3-FreeAA). Two and seven days after burn injury, lesions were photographed for unburned interspaces necrosis evolution assessment. Seven days after injury, glutathione seric was measured and histopathological analysis was performed. By photographs, there was a significant reduction in necrosis progression in G3-Free-AA between days two and seven. Histopathological analysis at day 7 showed a significantly higher stasis zone without necrosis and a higher number of fibroblasts in G2-Dip and G3-FreeAA compared with G1-Control. Also, glutathione serum dosage was higher in G2-Dip. The plasmatic glutathione levels were higher in the G2-Dip than the G1-Control, and there was a trend to higher levels in G3-FreeAA. The reduction in histological lesions, greater production of fibroblasts, and greater amounts of glutathione may have benefited the evolution of burn necrosis, which showed greater preservation of interspaces.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da Glutamina, como um dipeptídeo ou forma de aminoácido livre, na progressão de queimaduras em ratos. Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram queimados com um pente de metal aquecido em água fervente (98 °C) por três minutos, criando quatro áreas retangulares queimadas separadas por três interesespaços não queimados (zona de estase) em ambos os lados do dorso. Os animais foram randomizados em três grupos (n = 10): solução salina (G1-Controle) e grupos tratados que receberam glutamina via oral como dipeptídeo (G2-Dip) ou aminoácido livre (G3-FreeAA). Dois e sete dias após a queimadura, as lesões foram fotografadas para avaliação da evolução da necrose entre os espaços não queimados. Sete dias após a lesão, foi dosada a glutationa sérica e realizada análise histopatológica. Pelas fotografias, houve uma redução significativa na progressão da necrose no G3-Free-AA entre os dias dois e sete. A análise histopatológica no dia 7 mostrou uma zona de estase significativamente maior sem necrose e número mais elevado de fibroblastos em G2-Dip e G3-FreeAA em comparação com G1-Controle. Os níveis plasmáticos de glutationa foram maiores no G2-Dip em relação ao G1-Controle, e houve tendência a níveis mais elevados no G3-FreeAA. A redução das lesões histológicas, maior produção de fibroblastos, maior quantidade de glutationa podem ter beneficiado a evolução da necrose da queimadura, que mostrou maior preservação dos interespaços.

Oxidative and osmotolerant effects in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) red blood cells during hibernation / Efeitos de oxidação e osmotolerância dos eritrócitos de Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) durante a hibernação

Abstract Hibernation is a natural condition of animals that lives in the temperate zone, although some tropical lizards also experience hibernation annually, such as the lizard native from South America, Salvator merianae, or "tegu" lizard. Even though physiological and metabolic characteristic associated with hibernation have been extensively studied, possible alterations in the red blood cells (RBC) integrity during this period remains unclear. Dehydration and fasting are natural consequences of hibernating for several months and it could be related to some cellular modifications. In this study, we investigated if the osmotic tolerance of RBCs of tegu lizard under hibernation is different from the cells obtained from animals while normal activity. Additionally, we indirectly investigated if the RBCs membrane of hibernating tegus could be associated with oxidation by quantifying oxidized biomolecules and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Our findings suggest that RBCs are more fragile during the hibernation period, although we did not find evidence of an oxidative stress scenario associated with the accentuated fragility. Even though we did not exclude the possibility of oxidative damage during hibernation, we suggested that an increased RBCs volume as a consequence of hypoosmotic blood during hibernation could also affect RBCs integrity as noted.

Resumo A hibernação é uma condição natural dos animais que vivem na zona temperada, embora alguns lagartos tropicais também experenciem hibernação anualmente, como é o caso do lagarto nativo da América do Sul, Salvator merianae ou "teiú". Embora as características fisiológicas e metabólicas associadas à hibernação tenham sido amplamente estudadas, possíveis alterações na integridade das hemácias durante esse período ainda permanecem obscuras. A desidratação e o jejum são consequências naturais da hibernação por vários meses e podem estar relacionadas a algumas modificações celulares. Neste estudo, investigamos se a tolerância osmótica de hemácias do lagarto teiú sob hibernação são diferentes das células obtidas de animais em atividade normal. Além disso, investigamos indiretamente por meio da quantificação de biomoléculas oxidadas e da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes se a membrana das hemácias dos teiús em hibernação poderia estar associada à oxidação. Nossos resultados sugerem que as hemácias possuem maior fragilidade durante o período de hibernação, embora não tenhamos encontrado evidências de um cenário de estresse oxidativo associado à essa fragilidade acentuada. Embora não tenhamos excluído a possibilidade de dano oxidativo durante a hibernação, sugerimos que um aumento no volume das hemácias como consequência de sangue hipoosmótico durante a hibernação também poderia afetar a integridade de hemácias, tal como foi observado.

Oral glutamine dipeptide or oral glutamine free amino acid reduces burned injury progression in rats / O dipeptídeo de glutamina oral ou aminoácido livre de glutamina oral reduz a progressão da lesão por queimadura em ratos

Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Glutamine, as a dipeptide or a free amino acid form, on the progression of burn injuries in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were burned with a comb metal plate heated in boiling water (98 °C) for three minutes, creating four rectangular full-thickness burn areas separated by three unburned interspaces (zone of stasis) in both dorsum sides. The animals were randomized into three groups (n=10): saline solution (G1-Control) and treated groups that orally received Glutamine as dipeptide (G2-Dip) or free amino acid (G3-FreeAA). Two and seven days after burn injury, lesions were photographed for unburned interspaces necrosis evolution assessment. Seven days after injury, glutathione seric was measured and histopathological analysis was performed. By photographs, there was a significant reduction in necrosis progression in G3-Free-AA between days two and seven. Histopathological analysis at day 7 showed a significantly higher stasis zone without necrosis and a higher number of fibroblasts in G2-Dip and G3-FreeAA compared with G1-Control. Also, glutathione serum dosage was higher in G2-Dip. The plasmatic glutathione levels were higher in the G2-Dip than the G1-Control, and there was a trend to higher levels in G3-FreeAA. The reduction in histological lesions, greater production of fibroblasts, and greater amounts of glutathione may have benefited the evolution of burn necrosis, which showed greater preservation of interspaces.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da Glutamina, como um dipeptídeo ou forma de aminoácido livre, na progressão de queimaduras em ratos. Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram queimados com um pente de metal aquecido em água fervente (98 °C) por três minutos, criando quatro áreas retangulares queimadas separadas por três interesespaços não queimados (zona de estase) em ambos os lados do dorso. Os animais foram randomizados em três grupos (n = 10): solução salina (G1-Controle) e grupos tratados que receberam glutamina via oral como dipeptídeo (G2-Dip) ou aminoácido livre (G3-FreeAA). Dois e sete dias após a queimadura, as lesões foram fotografadas para avaliação da evolução da necrose entre os espaços não queimados. Sete dias após a lesão, foi dosada a glutationa sérica e realizada análise histopatológica. Pelas fotografias, houve uma redução significativa na progressão da necrose no G3-Free-AA entre os dias dois e sete. A análise histopatológica no dia 7 mostrou uma zona de estase significativamente maior sem necrose e número mais elevado de fibroblastos em G2-Dip e G3-FreeAA em comparação com G1-Controle. Os níveis plasmáticos de glutationa foram maiores no G2-Dip em relação ao G1-Controle, e houve tendência a níveis mais elevados no G3-FreeAA. A redução das lesões histológicas, maior produção de fibroblastos, maior quantidade de glutationa podem ter beneficiado a evolução da necrose da queimadura, que mostrou maior preservação dos interespaços.

Depressão, estresse e ansiedade em médicos residentes durante o período de pandemia da Covid-19 / Depression, stress and anxiety in resident physicians during the Covid-19 pandemic

RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia do novo coronavírus trouxe um agravamento de transtornos psíquicos, especialmente em populações específicas, como profissionais de saúde. Nesse contexto, vem à tona a residência médica (RM), período de treinamento intenso e com importantes modificações na rotina durante a pandemia. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os sintomas de depressão, estresse e ansiedade, por meio da Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - Short Form (DASS-21), nos médicos residentes de um hospital universitário no Nordeste do Brasil, buscando possíveis associações com parâmetros sociais, de carga horária de trabalho e de hábitos de vida. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, realizado no período de outubro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022, envolvendo médicos residentes ativos, pertencentes aos programas de RM entre março de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022. Resultado: Avaliaram-se 41 residentes, 68,3% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 30,5 ± 3,7 anos. Algum sintoma de depressão, estresse e ansiedade estava presente em 68,3%, 41,5% e 85,4% da amostra, respectivamente. Nove usaram psicotrópicos no último ano, 13 realizaram psicoterapia e cinco passaram por acompanhamento psiquiátrico. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de psicotrópicos nos últimos 12 meses e maior pontuação na subescala de estresse da DASS-21 (18,00 ± 12,61 versus 9,81 ± 9,34; p = 0,038). Houve associação entre uma menor média de tempo de sono por dia e a presença de algum sintoma de depressão apontada pela DASS-21 (6,03 ± 0,79 versus 6,77 ± 1,01; p = 0,016). Conclusão: Observou-se frequência elevada de sintomas de ansiedade, estresse e depressão nos médicos residentes, havendo baixos índices de acompanhamento psiquiátrico e de intervenção psicoterapêutica ou farmacológica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The new coronavirus pandemic has led to an exacerbation of psychological disorders, especially among specific populations such as healthcare professionals. In this context, medical residency comes to the forefront, as it represents a period of intense training that, during the pandemic, was subjected to significant modifications to the routine. Objective: To assess the symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety among medical residents from a university hospital in northeastern Brazil using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - Short Form (DASS-21), and explore possible associations with social parameters, working hours, and lifestyle habits. Method: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted from October 2021 to February 2022, involving active medical residents enrolled in medical residency programs between March 2021 and February 2022. Results: A total of 41 residents were evaluated, with 68.3% being female and a mean age of 30.5 ± 3.7 years. At least one symptom of depression, stress, and anxiety were reported in 68.3%, 41.5%, and 85.4% of the sample, respectively. Nine participants had used psychotropic medications in the year leading up to the survey, 13 had undergone psychotherapy, and five had received psychiatric care. There was a statistically significant association between the use of psychotropic medications in the preceding 12-month period and higher scores on the stress subscale of the DASS-21 (18.00 ± 12.61 vs. 9.81 ± 9.34; p = 0.038). There was also an association between a shorter average daily sleep duration and the presence of any symptom of depression as indicated by the DASS-21 (6.03 ± 0.79 vs. 6.77 ± 1.01; p = 0.016). Conclusion: A high frequency of symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression were observed among medical residents with low rates of psychiatric monitoring and psychotherapeutic or pharmacological intervention.

Occupational stress and coping strategies of nursing staff in times of Covid-19 / Estresse ocupacional e as estratégias de enfrentamento da equipe de enfermagem em tempos de Covid-19

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the workload of health professionals and the degree of complexity of patients, attribute greater risk to psychosocial stress. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between occupational stress, quality of life at work, and coping strategies by the hospital nursing team during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Cross sectional, quantitative study with convenience sampling, data collection from August to December 2020; in two units of the private hospital network, with sociodemographic, occupational and health questionnaires; visual analogue scale for assessing quality of life at work; Demand-Control-Support (DCS); Occupational Coping Scale. RESULTS: The total sample consisted of 196 nursing professionals. There was significant certainty (negative, however, the dimension "Demand" of the DCS and QWL (<0.001, r=-0.367). Control over work-related work has a significant quality (but the "Control" dimension of the DCS and QWL (=0.025, r=0.160); and significantly negative, however, between the "Social Support" dimension of DCS and "Negative Equivalence" of Coping (p=0.003, r=-0.2013). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study allowed the correlation between occupational stress, coping and quality of life at work, showing that the lower the social support, the greater the use of avoidance strategies and consequently decline in quality of life at work. They also allowed us to identify the coping strategies used by the nursing staff and quality of life at work in the face of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento da carga de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde e o grau de complexidade dos pacientes, atribuem maior risco para o estresse psicossocial. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as associações entre o estresse ocupacional, a qualidade de vida no trabalho e as estratégias de enfrentamento pela equipe de enfermagem hospitalar na pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, quantitativo com amostragem por conveniência, coleta de dados de agosto a dezembro de 2020; em duas unidades da rede hospitalar privada, com questionário sociodemográfico, ocupacional e de saúde; escala visual analógica de avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho; Escala de Demanda-Controle-Apoio Social (DCS); Escala de Coping ocupacional. RESULTADOS: A amostra total foi de 196 profissionais de Enfermagem. Houve correlação significativa negativa, porém fraca, entre a dimensão "Demanda" da DCS e QVT (p<0,001, r=-0,367). O controle sobre o trabalho relacionado à qualidade de vida no trabalho possui correlação significativa positiva, porém fraca, entre a dimensão "Controle" da DCS e QVT (p=0,025, r=0,160); e correlação significativa negativa, porém fraca, entre a dimensão "Apoio social" da DCS e "Esquiva" de Coping (p=0,003, r=-0,213). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados deste estudo permitiram a correlação entre o estresse ocupacional, coping e qualidade de vida no trabalho, mostrando que quanto menor o apoio social, maior uso das estratégias de esquiva e consequentemente declínio na qualidade de vida no trabalho. Permitiram também identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem e qualidade de vida no trabalho frente ao estresse ocupacional durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

Nível de estresse e fatores contribuintes percebidos por acadêmicos de enfermagem no ambiente formativo / Level of stress and contributing factors perceived by nursing students in the training environment / Nivel de estrés y factores contribuyentes percibidos por estudiantes de enfermería en el ambiente de formación

Objetivo: identificar o nível de estresse e os fatores contribuintes percebidos por acadêmicos de enfermagem no ambiente formativo. Método: estudo descritivo-correlacional, realizado entre dezembro de 2022 a abril de 2023 com 126 estudantes de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior pública de Roraima, Brasil. Resultados: participaram do estudo 55 estudantes de enfermagem, com média de idade de 22,3 ± 2,3 anos. A partir das questões da PSS-10, emergiram as médias de sentimentos positivos (57,7 ± 18,0) e negativo (70,0 ± 20,9), com uma média geral de estresse percebido de 65,1 ± 10,9. As variáveis que apresentaram relação estatística significativa com o nível de estresse percebido foram: sexo, filhos, satisfação com o curso, uso de drogas ilícitas, hábito de estudo, horas de sono. Conclusão: o perfil dos estudantes de enfermagem acerca do nível de estresse depara-se com uma conjuntura negativa, sendo relevante o conhecimento dos fatores que o influenciam.

Objective: to identify the level of stress and contributing factors perceived by nursing students in the training environment. Me-thod: descriptive-correlational study, carried out between December 2022 and April 2023 with 126 nursing students from a public Higher Education Institution in Roraima, Brazil. Results: 55 nursing students participated in the study, with a mean age of 22.3 ± 2.3 years. From the PSS-10 questions, averages of positive (57.7 ± 18.0) and negative (70.0 ± 20.9) feelings emerged, with an overall average of perceived stress of 65.1 ± 10. 9. The variables that showed a statistically significant relationship with the level of perceived stress were: sex, children, satisfaction with the course, use of illicit drugs, study habits, hours of sleep. Conclusion: the profile of nur-sing students regarding the level of stress faces a negative situation, and knowledge of the factors that influence it is important.

Objetivo: identificar el nivel de estrés y los factores contribuyentes percibidos por los estudiantes de enfermería en el ambiente de formación. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional, realizado entre diciembre de 2022 y abril de 2023 con 126 estudiantes de enfermería de una institución pública de educación superior en Roraima, Brasil. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 55 estudiantes de enfermería, con edad media de 22,3 ± 2,3 años. De las preguntas del PSS-10 surgieron promedios de sentimientos positivos (57,7 ± 18,0) y negativos (70,0 ± 20,9), con un promedio general de estrés percibido de 65,1 ± 10,9. Las variables que mostraron relaci-ón estadísticamente significativa con el nivel de estrés percibido fueron: sexo, hijos, satisfacción con el curso, uso de drogas ilícitas, hábitos de estudio, horas de sueño. Conclusión: el perfil de los estudiantes de enfermería en cuanto al nivel de estrés enfrenta una situación negativa, siendo importante el conocimiento de los factores que influyen en él.

Análise do nível de sobrecarga em cuidadores de crianças cardiopatas / Análisis del nivel de sobrecarga de cuidadores de infantes cardiópatas / Analysis of the level of burden in caregivers of children with heart disease

Resumo Objetivo Correlacionar características de crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita com o nível de sobrecarga de seus cuidadores primários. Métodos Este estudo foi conduzido com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em entrevistas online com 100 mães cuidadoras primárias de crianças com cardiopatia congênita. Elas responderam ao instrumento de caracterização das crianças e ao Zarit Burden Interview. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS versão 23, usando estatística descritiva e análise de variância (p≤0,05). Resultados A média da idade das crianças foi de 3,9 anos, com desvio padrão de 3,2 anos, prevalência do sexo masculino (58,0%) e cardiopatias cianóticas (51,0%), em acompanhamento especializado em cardiologia (96,0%), uso de medicamento regular (55,0%), sem internação nos últimos 12 meses (56,0%) e realização de pelo menos uma cirurgia (44,0%). Acompanhamento especializado (p=0,003), presença de comorbidade (p=0,0001) e frequentar creche ou escola (p=0,001) foi associado a um maior risco para sobrecarga. Conclusão A correlação das características de crianças cardiopatas apontou sobrecarga leve em seus cuidadores primários. Crianças com acompanhamento especializado, comorbidade e que frequentam escola ou creche aumentam a sobrecarga em seus cuidadores.

Resumen Objetivo Correlacionar características de infantes portadores de cardiopatía congénita con el nivel de sobrecarga de sus cuidadores primarios. Métodos Este estudio se llevó a cabo con un diseño transversal y un enfoque cuantitativo. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas virtuales a 100 madres cuidadoras primarias de infantes con cardiopatía congénita, quienes respondieron el instrumento de caracterización de los infantes y la Zarit Burden Interview. Los datos fueron analizados por el programa SPSS versión 23, usando estadística descriptiva y análisis de varianza (p≤0,05). Resultados El promedio de edad de los infantes fue de 3,9 años, con desviación típica de 3,2 años, prevalencia de sexo masculino (58,0 %) y cardiopatías cianóticas (51,0 %), realizando seguimiento especializado en cardiología (96,0 %), con uso de medicamento regular (55,0 %), sin internación en los últimos 12 meses (56,0 %) y realización de por lo menos una cirugía (44,0 %). Los factores seguimiento especializado (p=0,003), presencia de comorbilidad (p=0,0001) y asistir a guardería o escuela (p=0,001) se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de sobrecarga. Conclusión La correlación de las características de infantes cardiópatas indicó sobrecarga leve en sus cuidadores primarios. Infantes con seguimiento especializado, comorbilidad y que asisten a la escuela o guardería aumentan la sobrecarga en sus cuidadores.

Abstract Objective to correlate the characteristics of children with congenital heart disease with the level of burden of their primary caregivers. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data was collected through online interviews with 100 primary caregiver mothers of children with congenital heart disease. They answered the child characterization instrument and the Zarit Burden Interview. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23, using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (p≤0.05). Results The average age of the children was 3.9 years, with a standard deviation of 3.2 years, with a prevalence of males (58.0%) and cyanotic heart disease (51.0%), under specialized cardiology care (96.0%), using regular medication (55.0%), without hospitalization in the last 12 months (56.0%) and having undergone at least one surgery (44.0%). Specialized follow-up (p=0.003), the presence of comorbidities (p=0.0001) and attending daycare or school (p=0.001) were associated with a higher risk of overload. Conclusion The correlation of the characteristics of children with heart disease indicated a slight burden on their primary caregivers. Children with specialized care, comorbidities and who attend school or daycare increased the burden on their caregivers.

Angústia moral entre médicos em terapia intensiva pediátrica / Moral distress among physicians working in pediatric intensive care / Angustia moral entre los médicos en cuidados intensivos pediátricos

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo entender e interpretar a ocorrência de angústia moral entre médicos intensivistas pediátricos que atuam em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa e recorte transversal, com foco na aplicação de um instrumento de pesquisa baseado na Moral Distress Scale Revised para levantamento da presença de angústia moral em 43 médicos de determinada unidade de terapia. A maioria das respostas do instrumento de pesquisa quanto à presença de angústia moral esteve relacionada a questões de fim de vida, situações de prolongamento penoso da vida, comunicação deficiente entre a equipe, problemas de saúde do profissional, desconforto com prognósticos incertos, necessidade de visitas multiprofissionais e sofrimento do paciente. O intuito foi buscar evidências na pesquisa sobre determinadas situações que podem ser desencadeadoras de angústia moral com intensidades e frequências distintas entre os profissionais, de acordo com algumas variáveis.

Abstract This study investigates and interprets the occurrence of moral distress among pediatric physicians working in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. A cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive research was conducted to survey the presence of moral distress among 43 physicians from a specific therapy unit assessed by the Moral Distress Scale Revised. Most responses regarding the presence of moral distress revolved around end-of-life issues, painful life-prolonging situations, poor team communication, professional health problems, discomfort with uncertain prognoses, need for multidisciplinary visits and patient suffering. We sought evidence in research on certain situations that can trigger moral distress at different intensities and frequencies among professionals, according to some variables.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender e interpretar la angustia moral entre los médicos en cuidados intensivos pediátricos que trabajan en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, de enfoque cuantitativo y transversal, centrada en la aplicación de una herramienta basada en la Moral Distress Scale Revised para identificar la presencia de angustia moral en 43 médicos(as) de una unidad específica. La mayoría de las respuestas a la herramienta de evaluación sobre la presencia de sufrimiento moral giraron en torno a cuestiones del final de la vida, situaciones dolorosas que prolongan la vida, mala comunicación entre el equipo, problemas de salud profesional, malestar ante pronósticos inciertos, necesidad de visitas multidisciplinarias y sufrimiento del paciente. El objetivo fue buscar evidencias sobre determinadas situaciones que pueden desencadenar angustia moral con diferentes intensidades y frecuencias entre los profesionales según algunas variables.

Protective effect of gallic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.

INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Ototoxicity is one of the main side-effects restricting the use of cisplatin. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of gallic acid, in biochemical, functional and histopathological terms, against ototoxicity induced by cisplatin. METHODS: Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of seven animals each. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal dose of 15mg/kg cisplatin. Gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100mg/kg for five consecutive days. Cisplatin+gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100mg/kg for five consecutive days and a single intraperitoneal dose of 15mg/kg cisplatin at 3rd day. A control group received 1mL intraperitoneal saline solution for five consecutive days. Prior to drug administration, all rats were exposed to the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test. The test was repeated on the 6th day of the study. All rats were then sacrificed; the cochleas were removed and set aside for biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS: In cisplatin group, Day 6 signal noise ratio values were significantly lower than those of the other groups. Also, malondialdehyde levels in cochlear tissues were significantly higher, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. Histopathologic evaluation revealed erosion in the stria vascularis, degeneration and edema in the connective tissue layer in endothelial cells, impairment of outer hair cells and a decrease in the number of these calls. In the cisplatin+gallic acid group, this biochemical, histopathological and functional changes were reversed. CONCLUSION: In the light of our findings, we think that gallic acid may have played a protective role against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, as indicated by the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test results, biochemical findings and immunohistochemical analyses.

The antioxidant status of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in children with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant status of plasma vitamin E and plasma and intracellular coenzyme Q10 in children with type 1 diabetes. METHOD: This case-control study was conducted on 72 children with type 1 diabetes and compared to 48 healthy children, who were age, sex, and ethnicity-matched. The diabetic children were divided according to their glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c %) into two groups: poor and good glycemic control groups. All children underwent full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory measurement of complete blood count, A1c %, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin E levels and coenzyme Q10 levels in plasma, erythrocytes, and platelets. RESULTS: Children with poor glycemic control showed significantly higher plasma vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, waist circumference/height ratio, cholesterol levels, and lower high-density lipoproteins and platelet coenzyme Q10 redox status in comparison to those with good glycemic control and the control group (p<0.05). Plasma coenzyme Q10 showed a positive correlation with the duration of type 1 diabetes, triglycerides, cholesterol, vitamin E, and A1c %, and negative correlation with the age of the diabetic group (p<0.05). The platelet redox status showed a negative correlation with the A1c % levels (r=-0.31; p=0.022) and the duration of type 1 diabetes (r=-0.35, p=0.012). CONCLUSION: Patients with type 1 diabetes, especially poorly controlled, had elevation of plasma vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels and decreased platelet redox status of coenzyme Q10, which may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress.

Influence of socioeconomic and psychological factors in glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of socioeconomic and psychological factors on glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study assessing prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The authors analyzed the socioeconomic status using the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil [CCEB]) and psychological conditions through the Brazilian version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes, associated with glycemic control, measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Descriptive analysis was used. The variables were assessed by bivariate and multivariate robust Poisson regression model, as well as Fisher's exact and Pearson's chi-squared tests to obtain the ratios of gross and adjusted prevalence ratio, with confidence interval being estimated at 95%. RESULTS: A total of 68 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. A negative association between glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin levels), socioeconomic status (Brazil Economic Classification Criterion), and psychological condition (Brazilian version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes) was observed. Among the study participants, 73.5% (n=50) of the children had an unfavorable socioeconomic status; these participants were 1.4 times more likely to present altered glycated hemoglobin values. In relation to individuals with compromised psychological status, 26 (38.2%) had a score above 70, thus being classified with psychological stress; these children were 1.68 times more likely (95% confidence interval: 1.101, 1.301) to have higher glycated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: The socioeconomic conditions and psychological characteristics of the study participants were negatively associated with glycated hemoglobin results. These data reinforce the importance of the studied variables as predictors of glycemic control.

Foliar application of triacontanol ameliorates heat stress through regulation of the antioxidant defense system and improves yield of eggplant

Abstract Transplanting time and genotype contribute to improving crop yield and quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applied of triacontanol (TRIA) and eggplant genotypes 25919, Nirala, 28389 and Pak-10927,transplanted on 1 March,15 March, and 1 April on exposure to high air temperature conditions. The experiment was performed according to Randomized Complete Block Design and the data was analyzed by using Tuckey,s test . The TRIA was applied at 10µM at flowering stage; distilled water was used as the control. Rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and effects on antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The 10µM TRIA increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency and yield was improved in all genotypes transplanted at the different dates. Foliar application of 10µM TRIA increased antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD & CAT) and improved physiological as well as biochemical attributes of eggplant genotypes exposed to high heat conditions. Highest activity of dismutase enzyme 5.41mg/1g FW was recorded in Nirala genotype in second transplantation. Whereas, lowest was noted in PAK-10927 (2.30mg/g FW). Maximum fruit yield was found in accession 25919 (1.725kg per plant) at 1st transplantation with Triacontanol, whereas accession PAK-10927 gave the lowest yield (0.285 kg per plant) at control treatment on 3rd transplantation. Genotype, transplanting date and application of TRIA improved growth, yield and quality attributes under of heat stress in eggplant.

Resumo O tempo de transplante e o genótipo contribuem para melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade da cultura da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.). Um experimento de campo foi conduzido para investigar o impacto da aplicação foliar de triacontanol (TRIA) e genótipos de berinjela 25919, Nirala, 28389 e Pak-10927, transplantados em 1 de março, 15 de março e 1 de abril de exposição a condições de alta temperatura do ar. O experimento foi realizado de acordo com o Randomized Complete Block Design e os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Tuckey. O TRIA foi aplicado a 10 µM na fase de floração; água destilada foi utilizada como controle. Taxa de fotossíntese e transpiração, condutância estomática, eficiência do uso da água e efeitos sobre as enzimas antioxidantes (superóxido dismutase, catalase e peroxidase) foram avaliados. O TRIA 10 µM aumentou a taxa de fotossíntese e a eficiência do uso da água e o rendimento foi melhorado em todos os genótipos transplantados nas diferentes datas. A aplicação foliar de TRIA 10µM aumentou as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, POD e CAT) e melhorou os atributos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de genótipos de berinjela expostos a condições de alto calor. A atividade mais elevada da enzima dismutase 5,41mg / 1g FW foi registrada no genótipo Nirala no segundo transplante. Considerando que o mais baixo foi observado em PAK-10927 (2,30 mg / g FW). A produtividade máxima de frutos foi encontrada no acesso 25919 (1,725 kg por planta) no 1º transplante com Triacontanol, enquanto o acesso PAK-10927 deu a menor produção (0,285 kg por planta) no tratamento de controle no 3º transplante. Genótipo, data de transplante e aplicação de TRIA, melhoramento do crescimento, rendimento e atributos de qualidade sob estresse térmico em berinjela.

Exogenous application of salicylic acid induces salinity tolerance in eggplant seedlings

Abstract Under salt stress conditions, plant growth is reduced due to osmotic, nutritional and oxidative imbalance. However, salicylic acid acts in the mitigation of this abiotic stress by promoting an increase in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid doses on the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using a central composite matrix Box with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEw) (0.50; 1.08; 2.50; 3.92 and 4.50 dS m-1), associated with five doses of salicylic acid (SA) (0.00; 0.22; 0.75; 1.28 and 1.50 mM), with four repetitions and each plot composed of three plants. At 40 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, and total dry mass were determined. ECw and SA application influenced the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings. Increasing the ECw reduced growth in the absence of SA. Membrane damage with the use of SA remained stable up to 3.9 dS m-1 of ECw. The relative water content independent of the CEw increased with 1.0 mM of SA. The use of SA at the concentration of 1.0 mM mitigated the deleterious effect of salinity on seedling growth up to 2.50 dS m-1 of ECw.

Resumo Em condições de estresse salino, o crescimento das plantas é reduzido, em virtude, do desequilíbrio osmótico, nutricional e oxidativo. Contudo, o ácido salicílico atua na mitigação desse estresse abiótico por promover incremento no crescimento, fotossíntese, metabolismo do nitrogênio, síntese de osmorreguladores e enzimas antioxidantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de ácido salicílico sobre o crescimento e alterações fisiológicas de mudas de berinjela sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso utilizando uma matriz composta central Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa) (0,50; 1,08; 2,50; 3,92 e 4,50 dS m-1), associada a cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS) (0,00; 0,22; 0,75; 1,28 e 1,50 mM), com quatro repetições e cada parcela composta por três plantas. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, vazamento de eletrólito, teor relativo de água e massa seca total. A CEa e a aplicação de AS influenciaram no crescimento e nas alterações fisiológicas das mudas de berinjela. O aumento da CEa reduziu o crescimento na ausência de AS. O dano de membrana com o uso de AS manteve-se estável até 3,9 dS m-1 de CEa. O conteúdo relativo de água independentemente da CEa aumentou com 1 mM de SA. O uso de AS na concentração de 1 mM mitigou o efeito deletério da salinidade no crescimento das mudas até 2,50 dS m-1 de CEa.

Sorghum hybrids grown in hydroponics contrast for phosphorus use efficiency

Abstract Phosphorus (P) use efficiency is crucial for sorghum production. P acquisition efficiency is the most important component of P use efficiency. The early-stage evaluation of plant development is a useful tool for identifying P-efficient genotypes. This study aimed to identify sorghum hybrids that are efficient in P use efficiency and assess the genetic diversity among hybrids based on traits related to P acquisition efficiency. Thus, 38 sorghum hybrids and two inbred lines (checks) were evaluated under low and high P in a paper pouch system with nutrient solution. Biomass and root traits related to P efficiency were measured. There was no interaction between genotypes and P levels concerning all evaluated traits. The biomass and root traits, except root diameter, presented smaller means under low P than high P. Efficient and inefficient hybrids under each P level were identified. The genetic diversity assessment grouped these genotypes in different clusters. The hybrids AG1090, MSK326, AG1060, 1G100, AS 4639, DKB 540, and DKB 590 were superior under low-P and high-P. Hybrids SC121, 1236020 e 1167017 presented the lowest means than all other hybrids, under both conditions. The evaluated hybrids showed phenotypic diversity for traits related to P acquisition, such as root length and root surface area, which can be useful for establishing selection strategies for sorghum breeding programs and increasing P use efficiency.

Resumo A eficiência do uso do fósforo (P) é fundamental para a produção de sorgo. A avaliação no estágio inicial do desenvolvimento da planta é uma ferramenta útil para a identificação de genótipos eficientes de P. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar híbridos de sorgo que sejam eficientes ao uso de P e avaliar a diversidade genética entre os híbridos com base em características relacionadas à eficiência de aquisição de P. Assim, 38 híbridos de sorgo e duas linhagens (testemunhas) foram avaliados sob baixo e alto P em sistema de pastas de papel com solução nutritiva. Características de biomassa e de raiz relacionadas à eficiência de P foram mensuradas. Não houve interação entre genótipos e níveis de P em todas as características avaliadas. As características de biomassa e raiz, exceto o diâmetro da raiz, apresentaram médias menores sob baixo P em comparação com alto P. Híbridos eficientes e ineficientes sob cada nível de P foram identificados e agrupados quanto à diversidade genética. Os híbridos AG1090, MSK326, AG1060, 1G100, AS 4639, DKB 540 e DKB 590 foram superiores sob baixo-P e alto-P. Os híbridos SC121, 1236020 e 1167017 apresentaram as menores médias que todos os outros híbridos, em ambas condições. Os híbridos avaliados apresentaram diversidade fenotípica para características relacionadas à aquisição de P, como comprimento e área superficial da raiz, o que pode ser útil para estabelecer estratégias de seleção para programas de melhoramento de sorgo e aumentar a eficiência de uso do P.