[The importance of genetics in the study of hypertriglyceridemia]. / La importancia de la genética en el estudio de la hipertrigliceridemia.

Hypertriglyceridemia encompasses a set of lipid disorders common in clinical practice, generally defined as a fasting concentration above 150mg/dL. There are various classifications of the severity of hypertriglyceridaemia based on serum values, with levels generally considered moderate when below 500mg/dL and severe when above 1000mg/dL. Its importance lies in its association with other alterations in the lipid profile, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk and increased risk of acute pancreatitis, mainly with concentrations above 500mg/dL.

The effect of probiotics on serum lipid levels in non-obese healthy adults with hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials / El efecto de los probióticos sobre los niveles de lípidos séricos en adultos sanos no obesos con hiperlipidemia: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de ensayos controlados y aleatorizados

Introduction: probiotics might have a potential effect to manage serum lipid levels as nutraceuticals. Objective: this systematic review was conducted to explore whether probiotics have an efficient result in non-obese healthy adults with hyperlipidemia. Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials (from their commencement to January 2021). This meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 15.1. Changes in serum lipid levels after the intervention were used to evaluate the effect of the probiotics, which were expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results: a total of 16 studies, which could be regarded as 21 independent trials with 1429 participants, were included in this meta-analysis following our inclusion criteria. It could be observed that probiotics could significantly lower total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -0.34 mmol/L, 95 % CI: -0.45 to -0.23 mmol/L; p < 0.001, I2 = 73.9 %) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -0.26 mmol/L, 95 % CI: -0.36 to -0.17 mmol/L; p < 0.001, I2 = 79.0 %) levels in non-obese healthy adults with hyperlipidemia, while no significant effect between the probiotic intervention and control groups was observed on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 0.00 mmol/L, 95 % CI: -0.02 to 0.02 mmol/L; p = 0.001, I2 = 56.6 %) and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -0.08 mmol/L, 95 % CI: -0.18 to 0.01 mmol/L; p = 0.003, I2 = 52.4 %) levels. Conclusion: this systematic review showed that probiotics may provide a promising way to reduce serum lipid levels in non-obese healthy adults with hyperlipidemia, but their specific effect still needs more clinical experiments to be proven (AU)

Introducción: los probióticos podrían tener efecto para controlar los niveles de lípidos séricos como nutracéuticos. Objetivo: esta revisión sistemática se realizó para explorar si los probióticos tienen un resultado eficiente en adultos sanos no obesos con hiperlipidemia. Métodos: se realizaron búsquedas de ensayos controlados aleatorios en PubMed, Embase, el Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados y Web of Science (desde su inicio hasta enero de 2021). Este metanálisis fue realizado mediante Review Manager 5.3 y STATA 15.1. Los cambios de los niveles de lípidos séricos después de la intervención se utilizaron para evaluar el efecto de los probióticos, que se expresaron como la diferencia de medias ponderada (DMP) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %. Resultados: en este metaanálisis se incluyeron un total de 16 estudios, que podrían considerarse 21 ensayos independientes con 1429 participantes, siguiendo nuestros criterios de inclusión. Se pudo observar que los probióticos podían reducir significativamente el colesterol total (CT) (DMP: -0,34 mmol/L, IC del 95 %: -0,45 a -0,23 mmol/L; p < 0,001, I2 = 73,9 %) y el colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL) (DMP: -0,26 mmol/L, IC del 95 %: -0,36 a -0,17 mmol/L; p < 0,001, I2 = 79,0 %) en los adultos sanos no obesos con hiperlipidemia, mientras que no hubo efectos significativos entre los grupos de intervención y de control en el colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-C) (DMP: 0,00 mmol/L, IC del 95 %: -0,02 a 0,02 mmol/L; p = 0,001, I2 = 56,6 %) y los triglicéridos (TG) (DMP: -0,08 mmol/L, IC del 95 %: -0,18 a 0,01 mmol/L; p = 0,003, I2 = 52,4 %). Conclusión: esta revisión sistemática manifestó que los probióticos podrían suponer una forma prometedora de reducir los niveles de lípidos séricos en los adultos sanos no obesos con hiperlipidemia, pero se necesitan más experimentos clínicos para demostrar su efecto específico (AU)

Impacto de la cuarentena por COVID-19 en el perfil metabólico de personas con infección por VIH en Argentina / Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the metabolic profile of people with HIV infection in Argentina

INTRODUCCIÓN: Para mitigar la propagación del SARS-CoV-2 se requirió de un confinamiento generalizado. Las autoridades argentinas impusieron aislamiento social preventivo durante 234 días (20 de marzo al 9 de noviembre de 2020), modificando el estilo de vida de la población. OBJETIVOS: Examinar la influencia de las medidas de bloqueo en el perfil metabólico de pacientes infectados por VIH en Argentina. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de 10.239 pacientes en seguimiento en una clínica de atención privada de personas con infección por VIH. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con terapia antirretroviral (TARV) en curso que tuvieran una determinación de glucemia, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y trigliceridemia antes de la cuarentena (Pre-C: segundo semestre 2019) y una segunda determinación durante la misma (Intra-C: mayo 2020). Se excluyeron los pacientes con cambios en la TARV con impacto metabólico, los que iniciaron o suspendieron hipolipemiantes o hipoglucemiantes y mujeres embarazadas. Las variables categóricas se compararon mediante la prueba de la χ2 o la prueba exacta de Fisher y las continuas mediante la prueba t o la prueba de Mann-Whitney según correspondiera. Se consideró significativo un valor de p a dos colas < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 540 individuos. La mediana de edad fue de 47 años y 74,6% fueron de sexo masculino. La mediana de índice de masa corporal fue 26,1 y 94,6% tenían bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Hubo un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de pacientes con hiperglucemia (Pre-C 5,2% vs Intra-C 8,5%, p 0,04), hipertrigliceridemia (Pre-C 33,9% vs Intra-C 40,7%, p 0,02) e hipercolesterolemia LDL (Pre-C 12,6% vs Intra-C 17,2%, p 0,04). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la cuarentena, al menos en sus fases iniciales, puede tener un impacto negativo en el perfil metabólico de esta población.

BACKGROUND: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 required widespread lockdown to mitigate the pandemic. Argentine authorities imposed preventive social isolation for 234 days (March 20th to November 9th 2020). This measure led to major changes in the population's lifestyle. AIM: To examine the influence of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the metabolic profile of HIV-infected patients in Argentina. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 10,239 HIV-infected patients under follow up in a private clinic for HIV care. Adult patients with ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a baseline determination of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides done before lockdown (BL: second semester of 2019) and a second determination during lockdown (DL: May 2020) were included. Patients with recent changes in ART that may have metabolic impact, those starting lipid/glucose lowering agents and pregnant women were excluded. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. A two-tailed value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 540 individuals were included, median of age was 47 years and 74.6% were male. Median body mass index was 26.1 and 94.6% had low cardiovascular risk. There was a significant increase in the percentage of patients that met criteria for hyperglycemia (BL 4.8% and DL 8.5%, p < 0.001). We also observed significant (p < 0.001) increase in median (IQR) BL vs DL values in LDL-cholesterol [109 (90-128) vs 118 (97-139) mg/dL]; and triglycerides [120 (87-172) vs. 132 mg/dL (96-184)]. The proportion of patients with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia according to individual cardiovascular risk increased from 12.6 to 17.2% (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that quarantine, at least in its initial phases, may have a negative impact on the metabolic profile of this population.

Inhibición de la oxidación in vitro de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), por extractos acuosos de Camellia sinensis e Hibiscus sabdariffa / Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in vitro by aqueous extracts of Camellia

Introducción: el uso de bebidas funcionales como las infusiones de Camellia sinensis e Hibiscus sabdariffa, ha crecido en los últimos años a nivel mundial gracias a su contenido en compuestos bioactivos con un alto poder antioxidante, atribuyéndoles diversos efectos entre los que destaca su capacidad hipolipemiente. Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar la capacidad de dos extractos acuosos de C. sinensis e H. sabdariffa en la inhibición de la oxidación de las LDL obtenidas de plasma. Material y métodos: se emplearon hojas de té verde orgánico y cálices deshidratados para la obtención de los extracto. Se determino el contenido de fenoles totales por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y el ensayo de la oxidación de las LDL como modelo biológico para la evaluación de la capacidad inhibitoria de los extractos. Resultados: se observó inhibición de la oxidación de las LDL por ambos extractos con diferencia estadística respecto al control (p≤0,05), siendo el extractos de C. sinensis el mayor actividad. Conclusiones: las dos especies aportan un alto contenido de antioxidantes fundamentales para el organismo, por lo que la ingesta regulada y dirigida por expertos podría contribuir sin duda al tratamiento de hiperlipidemia

Introduction: the use of functional beverages such as the infusions of Camellia sinensis and Hibiscus sabdariffa, has grown in recent years worldwide thanks to its content in bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant power, attributing various effects among which its lipid-lowering capacity stands out. Objective: the purpose of the study was to evaluate the capacity of two aqueous extracts of C. sinensis and H. sabdariffa in inhibiting the oxidation of LDL obtained from plasma. Material and methods: organic green tea leaves and dehydrated calyces were used to obtain the extracts. The total phenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the LDL oxidation test as a biological model for the evaluation of the inhibitory capacity of the extracts. Results: inhibition of LDL oxidation by both extracts was observed with statistical difference from the control (p≤0.05), with C. sinensis extracts being the highest activity. Conclusions: the two species provide a high content of fundamental antioxidants for the body, so that regulated and expertly directed intake could certainly contribute to the treatment of hyperlipidemia

La importancia de la genética en el estudio de la hipertrigliceridemia / The importance of genetics in the study of hypertriglyceridemia

La hipertrigliceridemia engloba un conjunto de trastornos lipídicos comunes en la práctica clínica, generalmente definidos como una concentración superior a 150mg/dL en ayunas. Existen diversas clasificaciones de la gravedad de la hipertrigliceridemia en función de sus valores séricos, considerándose por norma general moderada cuando los niveles son inferiores a 500mg/dL y severa cuando son mayores de 1.000mg/dL. Su importancia radica en su asociación con otras alteraciones del perfil lipídico, contribuyendo al aumento del riesgo cardiovascular y de pancreatitis aguda, fundamentalmente con concentraciones superiores a 500mg/dL.(AU)

Hypertriglyceridemia encompasses a set of lipid disorders common in clinical practice, generally defined as a fasting concentration above 150mg/dL. There are various classifications of the severity of hypertriglyceridaemia based on serum values, with levels generally considered moderate when below 500mg/dL and severe when above 1000mg/dL. Its importance lies in its association with other alterations in the lipid profile, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk and increased risk of acute pancreatitis, mainly with concentrations above 500mg/dL.(AU)

Effect of Hydro-alcoholic Extract from Prosopis Farcta Leaves on Liver Injury Caused by High-fat Diet in Rats / Efecto del extracto hidro-alcohólico de las hojas de Prosopis Farcta en la lesión hepática causada en ratas por una dieta rica en grasas

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta (P farcta) leaves on high fat diet-fed (HFDF) rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups - group 1: normal control group; group 2: untreated control group, fed a high-fat diet; group 3: hyperlipidaemic + P farcta (500 mg/kg orally per day); and group 4: hyperlipidaemic + simvastatin (1.0 mg/kg). All groups were treated for 30 days. Liver enzymes, levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and liver histopathology were assessed. Results: Prosopis farcta extract reduced the elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and body weight. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were reduced in the HFDF animals, whose levels were increased statistically significantly by extract of P farcta leaves. The statistically significant increases in liver malondialdehyde in HFDF rats were reduced after treatment with P farcta. Histopathological findings also revealed positive effects of the extract. Conclusion: These results indicate the lipid-lowering and antioxidative activity of extract of P farcta leaves.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los efectos hepatoprotectores y antioxidantes del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Prosopis farcta (P farcta) en ratas alimentadas con dieta rica en grasas (ADRG). Métodos: En este estudio experimental, 40 ratas macho Wistar se dividieron en cuatro grupos - Grupo 1: Grupo de control normal; Grupo 2: Grupo de control no tratado, alimentado con una dieta alta en grasas; Grupo 3: hiperlipidémico + P farcta (500 mg/kg por vía oral por día); y Grupo 4: hiperlipidémico + simvastatina (1.0 mg/kg). Todos los grupos fueron tratados durante 30 días. Se evaluaron las enzimas hepáticas, los niveles de colesterol total, los triglicéridos, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LBD), la lipoproteína de alta densidad (LAD), el nitrógeno ureico y la creatinina en sangre, la actividad enzimática antioxidante, la peroxidación lipídica, y la histopatología hepática. Resultados: El extracto de Prosopis farcta redujo los niveles elevados de colesterol total, los triglicéridos, la LBD, y el peso corporal. La actividad de la catalasa y el superóxido dismutasa se redujo en los animales ADRG, cuyos niveles se incrementaron estadísticamente en grado significativo mediante el extracto de hoja de P farcta. Los aumentos estadísticamente significativos en el malondialdehído hepático en ratas ADRG, disminuyeron después del tratamiento con P farcta. Los hallazgos histopatológicos también revelaron efectos positivos del extracto. Conclusión: Estos resultados indican la actividad de reducción de lípidos y la actividad anti-oxidantes del extracto de las hojas de P farcta.

Proteomics: a tool to investigate of composition and function of HDL in hyperlipidemia / Proteômica: uma ferramenta para a investigação da composição e função da HDL em hiperlipidemia

The inverse relationship between HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and cardiovascular disease is well established. However, it is consensus that the cholesterol content present in HDL does not capture its complexity, and other metrics need to be explored. HDL is a heterogeneous, protein-enriched particle with functions going beyond lipid metabolism. In this way, its protein content seems to be attractive to investigate its behavior in the face of pathologies. Many of the proteins with important function in HDL are in low abundance (<1% of total proteins), which makes their detection challenging. Quantitative proteomics allows detecting proteins with high precision and robustness in complex matrix. However, quantitative proteomics is still poorly explored in the context of HDL. In this sense, in the second chapter of this thesis, the analytical performance of two quantitative methodologies was carefully investigated. These methods achieved adequate linearity and high precision using labeled peptides in a pool HDL, in addition to comparable ability to differentiate proteins from HDL subclasses of healthy subjects. Another bottleneck that waits for a solution in proteomics is the lack of standardization in data processing and analysis after mass spectrometry acquisition. In addition, interest in the cardioprotective properties of omega-3 is growing, but little is known about its effects on the HDL proteome. Thus, in the third chapter of this thesis, we compared five protein quantification strategies using Skyline and MaxDIA software platforms in order to investigate the HDL proteome from mice submitted to a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3. MaxDIA with label-free quantification (MaxLFQ) achieved high precision to show that polyunsaturated fatty acids remodel the HDL proteome to a less inflammatory profile. Therefore, the two studies presented in this thesis begin to open new paths for a deeper and more reliable understanding of HDL, both at the level of protein quantification by mass spectrometry and after data acquisition

A inversa relação entre HDL-C (do inglês, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) e doenças cardiovasculares é bem estabelecida. No entanto, é consenso que o conteúdo de colesterol presente na HDL não captura sua complexidade, e outras métricas precisam ser exploradas. A HDL é uma partícula heterogênea, enriquecida em proteínas, com funções que vão além do metabolismo de lipídeos. Dessa forma, seu conteúdo proteico parece ser mais atrativo para exprimir seu comportamento frente às patologias. Muitas das proteínas com função importante estão em baixa abundância (<1% do total de proteínas), o que torna a detecção desafiadora. Métodos quantitativos de proteômica permitem detectar proteínas com alta precisão e robustez em matrizes complexas. No entanto, a proteômica quantitativa ainda é pouco explorada no contexto da HDL. Nesse sentido, no segundo capítulo dessa tese, a performance analítica de dois métodos quantitativos foi criteriosamente investigada, os quais alcançaram adequada linearidade e alta precisão usando peptídeos marcados em um pool de HDL, além de comparável habilidade em diferenciar as proteínas das subclasses da HDL de indivíduos saudáveis. Outro gargalo que aguarda por solução em proteômica é a falta de padronização no processamento e análise de dados após a aquisição por espectrometria de massas. Além disso, é crescente o interesse das propriedades cardioprotetivas do ômega-3, porém pouco se conhece sobre seus efeitos no proteoma da HDL. Então, no terceiro capítulo dessa tese, comparamos cinco estratégias de quantificação de proteínas utilizando os softwares Skyline e MaxDIA com o intuito de comparar o proteoma da HDL de camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica suplementados ou não com ômega-3. MaxDIA com quantificação label-free (MaxLFQ) apresentou alta precisão para mostrar que o ômega-3 remodela o proteoma da HDL para um perfil menos inflamatório. Portanto, os dois estudos apresentados nessa tesa começam a abrir novos caminhos para o entendimento mais profundo e confiável da HDL tanto por meio da quantificação das proteínas por espectrometria de massas quanto após à aquisição dos dados

Efecto del consumo de jugo de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) sobre el perfil lipídico y las concentraciones de glucosa en adultos con hiperlipidemia, ecuador / Effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) on lipid profile and glucose concentrations in adults with hyperlipidemia, ecuador

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) sobre parámetros nutricionales y bioquímicos en 54 voluntarios (44 mujeres y 10 hombres) con edades 45±8 años de Ecuador. Al inicio se les realizó una evaluación nutricional y bioquímica, luego se les invitó a consumir el jugo (100g de fruto en 150 ml de agua) diariamente durante 6 semanas. Finalizado este tiempo, se procedió a realizar la evaluación nutricional y bioquímica nuevamente. La evaluación nutricional determinó 67% de obesidad abdominal. Disminuyendo a 53% después del consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol. El 87% de los voluntarios antes del tratamiento, mostraron hipercolesterolemia; 40,7% y 46,3% tenían los triglicéridos y el LDL elevados y 18,5% valores de glucosa entre 98-130mg/dL. Valores que disminuyeron significativamente en este grupo después de la toma del jugo En general, tanto en voluntarios con y sin sobrepeso se observó disminución significativa de colesterol total, LDL y glucosa; sin cambios significativos en los valores de HDL. El consumo del jugo no afectó la actividad de las enzimas alanina-aminotransferasa ni aspartato-aminotransferasa, tampoco las concentraciones de creatinina, urea y ácido úrico; ni la presión arterial, demostrando que no afecta la función hepática ni renal. Estos resultados indican que el consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol, durante seis semanas, parece ejercer un efecto hipolipemiante y moduladora en el metabolismo de la glucosa y colocan a C betacea como uno de los frutos andinos con alto potencial nutraceutico. Sin embargo, estos aspectos deben ser investigados con más detalles(AU)

In this work the effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) was evaluated on nutritional and biochemical parameters in 54 volunteers (44 women and 10 men) aged 45 ± 8 years-Ecuador. A nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed in volunteers; then they were invited to drink tree tomato juice (100g of fruit in 150 ml of water) daily for 6 weeks. Finished these 6 weeks, volunteers were nutritional and biochemical evaluated again. 67% abdominal obesity was found, decreasing at 53% after drinking the established dosage of juice. 87% of the volunteers before treatment, showed hypercholesterolemia, 40.7% and 46.3% had hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL, respectively and 18.5% glucose concentrations between 98-130 mg/dL. These values decrease significantly in this group after drinking tomato juice. In general, Total Cholesterol, LDL and glucose concentrations decrease significantly after drinking tree tomato juice in all the voluntaries with or without overweight. There is no change in HDL concentrations. The consumption of tree tomato juice did not affect the activity of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase enzymes either creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations, neither blood pressure suggesting that does not affect renal or liver function. These results indicate that consumption of tree tomato juice for six weeks appears to have a lipid-lowering and modulating effect on glucose metabolism, suggesting C betacea as one of the high Andean fruits nutraceutical potential. However, this issue should be investigated in more detail(AU)

Síndrome metabólico en un grupo de adultos mayores no institucionalizados según criterios de organismos internacionales / Metabolic syndrome in a non-institutionalized elderly group according to international organizations' criteria

RESUMEN Antecedentes: aunque el síndrome metabólico es frecuente en los adultos mayores, no es claro si aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular en este grupo poblacional. Objetivo: determinar la proporción de síndrome metabólico en un grupo de adultos mayores, según los criterios de organismos internacionales. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en 141 adultos ≥ 60 años de Medellín-Colombia. El síndrome metabólico se clasificó según los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) y la International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, clínicas, bioquímicas y estilos de vida. Resultados: el 73,8 % fueron mujeres y 84,4 % tenían edades entre 60-74 años. El síndrome metabólico fue 45,4 % según criterios de IDF y 27,0 % según ATP III. Los componentes más frecuentes fueron obesidad central, colesterol HDL bajo e hipertrigliceridemia. La presencia del síndrome según criterios de IDF fue superior en mujeres (p=0,026), en adultos mayores con nivel educativo bajo (p=0,011) y con IMC más altos (p<0,001). Conclusión: la proporción del síndrome metabólico fue mayor según los criterios de IDF, encontrándose asociación con el sexo femenino, el nivel educativo bajo y el índice de masa corporal alto.

ABSTRACT Background: Although metabolic syndrome is common in elderly people, it is not clear if cardiovascular risk is increased in this population group. Objective: To determine the proportion of metabolic syndrome in a group of elderly people older than 60 years according to international organizations criteria. Materials and methods: Cross sectional descriptive study performed in 141 adults older than 60 years in Medellin-Colombia. The metabolic syndrome was classified according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and life-style variables were assessed Results: Were female 73.8 % of individuals and 84.4 % had ages between 60-74 years old. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 45.4 % of the population based on the IDF criteria and 27.0 % according to ATPIII. Abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia were the most frequent components found. The metabolic syndrome based on IDF criteria was more frequent in women (p= 0,026), in elderly people with low educational level (p=0,011), and with higher BMI (p <0,001). Conclusion: The proportion of MS was high according to IDF criteria; In addition, association with female gender, level of education and BMI was found.

Metabolic syndrome resolution by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a real world: a case control study / Resolução da síndrome metabólica pela gastroplastia Roux-em-Y em um mundo real: estudo caso-controle

Summary Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), compared with nonsurgical treatment (NS group), as an instrument for inducing remission of co-morbidities related to Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in patients with Obesity, grades 2 and 3 (Ob2,3). Methods: two hundred and fifty eight Ob2,3 patients were selected in a retrospective analysis and included in a case control study. MetS was defined as described by the International Diabetes Federation. One hundred and twenty-nine of these patients underwent RYGB (S group), and 129 were assessed as an NS group. Results: at baseline, S and NS groups did not differ in BMI, age, female sex and prevalence of MetS (p>0.05). For the S group the outcomes were a reduction in BMI of 38.1% (p<0.001), waist circumference of 28.6% (p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose of 10.5% (p<0.001), serum LDL-cholesterol of 21.9% (p<0.001) and of 85% in the number of patients with MetS (p<0.001). For the NS group, only a decrease of 4.12%(p=0.047) in triglyceride levels and of 5.9%(p=0.031) in Diastolic Blood Pressure was observed. In the NS group, 98.6% of the patients continued to have MetS. The number needed to treat (NNT) with surgery to resolve one case of MetS was 1.2 (CI 95%: 1.1 - 1.4). Conclusion: in the real world, in the South of Brazil, compared with NS treatment and after 1 year of observation, RYGB is highly effective for decreasing the prevalence of MetS. .

Resumo Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR), em comparação a um tratamento não cirúrgico (grupo NC), como instrumento para induzir remissão da síndrome metabólica (SMet) em pacientes com obesidade graus 2 e 3 (Ob2, 3). Métodos: duzentos e cinquenta e oito pacientes com Ob2,3 foram selecionados para análise retrospectiva em estudos de caso e controle. SMet foi definida como descrita pela Federação Internacional de Diabetes. Dos pacientes, 129 foram submetidos ao BGYR (grupo C), e 129 formaram o grupo NC. Resultados: antes dos tratamentos, os grupos C e NC não diferiram em IMC, idade, sexo feminino e prevalência de SMet (p>0,05). No grupo C, houve uma redução no IMC de 38,1% (p<0,001), circunferência da cintura de 28,6% (p<0,001), glicemia de jejum de 10,5% (p<0,001), LDL colesterol sérico de 21,9% (p<0,001) e em 85% dos casos de SMet (p<0,001). As diferenças observadas no grupo NC foram uma diminuição nos níveis de triglicérides, de 4,12% (p=0,047), e na pressão arterial diastólica, de 5,9% (p=0,031). No grupo NC, 98,6% dos pacientes persistiram com SMet. O número necessário para tratar (NNT) com a cirurgia, para resolver um caso de SMet, foi de 1,2 (IC 95%: 1,1 - 1,4). Conclusão: em um mundo real, no Sul do Brasil, em comparação ao tratamento NS e após 1 ano de observação, BGYR foi altamente eficaz para diminuir a prevalência de SMet. .

Xantomatosis eruptiva asociada a hiperlipoproteinemia tipo IV de Fredrickson: a propósito de un caso / Eruptive xanthomatosis associated with Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinemia: case report

Los xantomas cutáneos son una expresión de depósito de lípidos en la piel; pueden ser normolipémicos o dislipémicos, producidos por un defecto genético primario o una alteración metabólica. Las manifestaciones cutáneas de las xantomatosis se presentan con diversas características. Presentamos una paciente joven, sin antecedentes patológicos previos, que consultó por la aparición repentina de lesiones xantomatosas cutáneas, en la cual se arribó al diagnóstico de xantomatosis eruptiva asociadaa trastorno lipídico subyacente. El interés de nuestra presentación radica en que esta afección cutánea puede constituir la única manifestación de las alteraciones de las lipoproteínas, clasificadas dentro del grupo de las dislipidemias de Fredrickson y ser el punto de partida para su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno ya que generan un compromiso sistémico y riesgo de vida.

Cutaneous xanthomas are an expression of lipid deposition on the skin. They can be normolipidemic or dyslipidemic and are caused by a primary genetic defect or a metabolic disorder. Cutaneous manifestations of xanthomatosis show various features. We report a young woman with no previous medical history who presented sudden onset of cutaneous xanthomatous lesions, and whose diagnosis showed eruptive xanthomatosis associated with an underlying lipid disorder. The interest of our presentation is that this cutaneous affectation may be the only manifestation of lipoproteins disorders, classified within the group of Fredrickson's dyslipidemias and also the starting point for an appropiate diagnosis and treatment because they generate a systemic commitment and life threatening.

Estatinas e neuropatias periféricas: uma revisão da literatura / Statins and peripheral neuropathy: a review of the literature

Vários estudos com delineamentos diferentes postulam que as estatinas podem estar relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de neuropatia periférica. Outras análises, no entanto, mostraram potencial efeito protetor dessas drogas em pacientes com neuropatia diabética. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar essa relação na literatura vigente. A revisão de vários relatos de caso, estudos populacionais e experimentos em animais não permitem afirmar se existe relação direta causal entre o uso de inibidores da hidroximetilglutaril-coenzima A e neuropatia periférica. Os benefícios das estatinas no tratamento de doenças graves tais como a aterosclerose cardiovascular e cerebral, com certeza, suplantam esse pequeno risco de acometimento de nervos periféricos.

Several studies of different designs indicate that statins could be associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy. However, other analyses have shown a potential benefit of these drugs in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Our study aims to evaluate this possible relationship comparing data from the current literature. After review of several case reports, populational studies and animal experiments, it is not possible to conclude that there is a cause-effect relationship between the use of HMG-CoA inhibitors and peripheral neuropathy. The well-established benefits of statins in the treatment of potentially severe diseases such as cerebral and cardiovascular atherosclerosis outweigh the relatively small risk of peripheral nerve involvement.

¿Pueden los ácidos grasos omega 3 y 6 contrarrestar los efectos negativos de la obesidad en la gestación? / Can omega fatty acids counter the harmful effects of obesity during pregnancy?

La obesidad se define como el exceso de grasa corporal que pone en peligro la salud, aumentando la morbilidad y la mortalidad de la población. El índice de masa corporal es el indicador más usado para la determinación de la obesidad, y durante el embarazo se calcula de acuerdo a las modificaciones de Rosso-Mardones. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la prevalencia de la obesidad en el embarazo oscila desde 1,8 hasta 25,3 por ciento, y la obesidad antes y durante la gestación constituye un importante factor de riesgo tanto para las complicaciones maternas como fetales. En la presente revisión de literatura, se detallan los efectos desencadenados por la obesidad gestacional, como los cambios en el perfil lipídico y el aumento significativo de la respuesta inflamatoria y del estrés oxidativo. A su vez, se describe la función de los ácidos grasos omega en el embarazo, los cuales han mostrado disminuir los efectos nocivos en las mujeres gestantes obesas, debido a su actividad hipolipemiante, antiinflamatoria y antioxidante.

Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat that endangers the health, increasing morbidity and mortality of the population. The body mass index is the indicator used to determine obesity, and during pregnancy is calculated according to changes in Rosso-Mardones. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of obesity in pregnancy ranges from 1.8 to 25.3 percent, and obesity before and during pregnancy is an important risk factor for both maternal and fetal complications. In this review of literature detailing the effects triggered by gestational obesity, such as changes in lipid profile, and significant increase of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In turn, it describes the role of omega fatty acids in pregnancy, which has shown to decrease the harmful effects in obese pregnant women because of their lipid lowering, antiinflam-matory and antioxidant activities.

Prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus y de la glucemia alterada en ayunas en un área de la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus / Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and of altered glycemia on fasting in an area of the city of Sancti Spiritus

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus no propensa a la cetoacidosis y de la glucemia alterada en ayunas en 20 consultorios del área norte de la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: la población se obtuvo del estudio de corte transversal realizado en 20 consultorios del área de salud norte de la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus, en el periodo comprendido de enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2010. En la investigación anterior, el universo de estudio fue la población de 16 o más años de edad, de 20 consultorios del Médico de Familia escogidos al azar (n= 9 895 habitantes), de los cuales se estudiaron a 1 019 personas. La gran mayoría de estas personas residían en el área urbana (93,62 por ciento). Se reconsideró si la muestra estudiada anteriormente a través del programa Epinfo versión 6 en su módulo Statcalc, era adecuada para cumplimentar el objetivo de este nuevo análisis, y se obtuvo una muestra estimada de 340 y 574 personas, para un intervalo de confianza de un 95 por ciento, y para un 99 por ciento de confiabilidad respectivamente. Este análisis permitió reevaluar la información almacenada en la base de datos.Resultados: la prevalencia global de la diabetes mellitus fue de 13,64 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 11,53-15,74 por ciento). Al individualizar a la población diabética, las personas diabéticas tipo 2 representaron el 10,4 por ciento (IC 8,25-12,27 por ciento) y los diabéticos normopesos el 3,24 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 3,03-3,43 por ciento) de la población estudiada. La frecuencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 comenzó a incrementarse a partir de la quinta década, y se obtuvo un ligero predominio en las féminas (11,6 vs. 8,8 por ciento). La glucemia alterada en ayunas, se diagnosticó en el 25,22 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 19,91-30,52 por ciento), con predominio de este estado prediabético en la población urbana estudiada (26,2 vs. 10,8 por ciento).Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus y de la glucemia... (AU)

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of non-ketoacidosis prone diabetes mellitus and of altered glycemia on fasting in the patients of 20 doctor's offices located in the northern area of the city of Sancti Spiritus. Methods: the population for the analysis was taken from a cross-sectional study of 20 doctor's offices located in the northern health area of the city of Sancti Spiritus, which had been conducted from January 2006 to December 2010. In the previous research, the universe of study was the population aged 16 years and over attended by 20 randomly selected family doctor's offices (n=9 895 people) of whom 1 019 people had been studied. Most of the patients lived in the urban area of the city (93.62 percent). There was then reconsidered whether this sample, previously studied through the Epinfo 6 program, Statcal module, would be suitable to attain the objective of the new analysis, and finally an estimated sample of 340 and 574 persons was obtained for a 95 por ciento confidence interval and 99 por ciento reliability index, respectively. This new analysis made it possible to reassess the information stored at the database. Results: the global prevalence index of diabetes mellitus was 13.64 percent (CI 95 percent :11.53-15.745). The diabetes type 2 patients and the normoweighted diabetics accounted for 10.4 percent (CI 8.25-12.27 percent) and 3.4 percent (CI 95 percent: 3.03-3.43 percent) of the studied population, respectively. The frequency of diabetes mellitus type 2 increased from the age of 50 years on whereas females were slightly predominant (11.6 vs. 8.8 percent). The altered glycemia on fasting was diagnosed in 25.22 percent (CI 95 percent: 19.91-30.52 percent), with predominance of this prediabetic condition in the studied urban population (26.2 percent vs. 10.8 percent). Conclusions: the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and of altered glycemia on fasting was high in the population under study(AU)

Prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus y de la glucemia alterada en ayunas en un área de la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus / Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and of altered glycemia on fasting in an area of the city of Sancti Spiritus

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus no propensa a la cetoacidosis y de la glucemia alterada en ayunas en 20 consultorios del área norte de la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus. Métodos: la población se obtuvo del estudio de corte transversal realizado en 20 consultorios del área de salud norte de la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus, en el periodo comprendido de enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2010. En la investigación anterior, el universo de estudio fue la población de 16 o más años de edad, de 20 consultorios del Médico de Familia escogidos al azar (n= 9 895 habitantes), de los cuales se estudiaron a 1 019 personas. La gran mayoría de estas personas residían en el área urbana (93,62 por ciento). Se reconsideró si la muestra estudiada anteriormente a través del programa Epinfo versión 6 en su módulo Statcalc, era adecuada para cumplimentar el objetivo de este nuevo análisis, y se obtuvo una muestra estimada de 340 y 574 personas, para un intervalo de confianza de un 95 por ciento, y para un 99 por ciento de confiabilidad respectivamente. Este análisis permitió reevaluar la información almacenada en la base de datos.Resultados: la prevalencia global de la diabetes mellitus fue de 13,64 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 11,53-15,74 por ciento). Al individualizar a la población diabética, las personas diabéticas tipo 2 representaron el 10,4 por ciento (IC 8,25-12,27 por ciento) y los diabéticos normopesos el 3,24 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 3,03-3,43 por ciento) de la población estudiada. La frecuencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 comenzó a incrementarse a partir de la quinta década, y se obtuvo un ligero predominio en las féminas (11,6 vs. 8,8 por ciento). La glucemia alterada en ayunas, se diagnosticó en el 25,22 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 19,91-30,52 por ciento), con predominio de este estado prediabético en la población urbana estudiada (26,2 vs. 10,8 por ciento).Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus y de la glucemia alterada en ayunas en la población estudiada fue alta(AU)

Objectives: to determine the prevalence of non-ketoacidosis prone diabetes mellitus and of altered glycemia on fasting in the patients of 20 doctor's offices located in the northern area of the city of Sancti Spiritus. Methods: the population for the analysis was taken from a cross-sectional study of 20 doctor's offices located in the northern health area of the city of Sancti Spiritus, which had been conducted from January 2006 to December 2010. In the previous research, the universe of study was the population aged 16 years and over attended by 20 randomly selected family doctor's offices (n=9 895 people) of whom 1 019 people had been studied. Most of the patients lived in the urban area of the city (93.62 percent). There was then reconsidered whether this sample, previously studied through the Epinfo 6 program, Statcal module, would be suitable to attain the objective of the new analysis, and finally an estimated sample of 340 and 574 persons was obtained for a 95 por ciento confidence interval and 99 por ciento reliability index, respectively. This new analysis made it possible to reassess the information stored at the database. Results: the global prevalence index of diabetes mellitus was 13.64 percent (CI 95 percent :11.53-15.745). The diabetes type 2 patients and the normoweighted diabetics accounted for 10.4 percent (CI 8.25-12.27 percent) and 3.4 percent (CI 95 percent: 3.03-3.43 percent) of the studied population, respectively. The frequency of diabetes mellitus type 2 increased from the age of 50 years on whereas females were slightly predominant (11.6 vs. 8.8 percent). The altered glycemia on fasting was diagnosed in 25.22 percent (CI 95 percent: 19.91-30.52 percent), with predominance of this prediabetic condition in the studied urban population (26.2 percent vs. 10.8 percent). Conclusions: the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and of altered glycemia on fasting was high in the population under study

Avaliação do risco cardiovascular em mulheres climatéricas assistidas pelo Programa Saúde da Família / Evaluation of cardiovascuar risk in climateric women aided by Family Health Program

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: No Brasil, ainda que os dados de morbidade sejam escassos, as informações sobre mortalidade em mulheres após a menopausa demonstram a necessidade de mais estudos. Assim, a realização do presente trabalho justifica-se pela busca de intervenções possíveis em fatores de risco cardiovascular modificáveis, considerando mudanças de estilo de vida que levem à alteração, em longo prazo, dos fenômenos cardiovasculares dessa população. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o risco cardiovascular em mulheres pré e pós-menopáusicas assistidas em uma unidade de saúde. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, englobando 164 mulheres com média de idade de 60,73±12,60 anos, atendidas pelo Programa de Saúde da Família, no bairro Morrinhos, no Município de Montes Claros (MG). RESULTADOS: Foram apresentadas 50 mulheres na pré-menopausa e 114 mulheres na pós-menopausa. Níveis elevados de colesterol total e de LDL-colesterol foram observados nas mulheres pós-menopáusicas (59,6 e 58,8%, respectivamente), enquanto que os níveis de HDL-colesterol se mostraram inferiores ao considerado ideal em praticamente toda a população estudada (66,0% das mulheres pré-menopáusica e 61,4% das mulheres pós-menopáusicas). Quanto aos níveis de triglicerídeos, estes se apresentaram elevados efetivamente nas mulheres pós-menopáusicas (48,2%). Em relação ao perfil glicídico, apenas 28% das mulheres na pré-menopausa e 31,6% das pós-menopausadas apresentaram glicemia de jejum alterada. Os valores apontados determinam que o grupo das pacientes pós-menopáusicas (Mean Rank 92,60) possui maior risco cardiovascular quando comparado ao grupo das pré-menopáusicas (Mean Rank 59,47). CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres pós-menopáusicas apresentam maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares, conforme o escore de risco de Framingham, ao se comparar com as pré-menopáusicas...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Brazil, despite scarce data, the information about morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women demonstrate that further studies are necessary. Thus, this work is warranted by the search for possible interventions for modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, considering lifestyle changes that lead to alteration of the longterm cardiovascular phenomena of this population. The objective of this study was to compare the cardiovascular risk in pre and post-menopausal women who were attented in a health care facility. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study, comprising 164 women with a mean age of 60.73±12.60year, served by the Family Health Program in the District Morrinhos, in the city of Montes Claros (state of Minas Gerais). RESULTS: We presented 50 premenopausal women and 114 postmenopausal women. High levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed in postmenopausal women (59.6 and 58.8%, respectively), while HDL-cholesterol was lower than that considered optimal in almost all the studied population (66.0% of premenopausal women and 61.4% of postmenopausal women). Regarding the levels of triglycerides, they were really high in postmenopausal women (48.2%). Regarding glucose profile, only 28.0% of premenopausal women and 31.6% of postmenopausal women showed impaired fasting glucose. These numbers show that the group of postmenopausal patients (Mean Rank 92.60) had higher cardiovascular risk compared to the group of premenopausal (Mean Rank 59.47) women. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women had increased risk of cardiovascular events, according to the Framingham risk score, when compared with premenopausal women...

Lipofundin 20% induces hepatic lipid peroxidation in New Zealand white rabbits / Lipofundin 20% induce peroxidación lipídica hepática en conejos Nueva Zelanda blancos

Objective. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of Lipofundin 20% on lipid peroxidation markers in the liver of New Zealand white rabbits. Materials and methods. The animals were treated with an intravenous injection (2 ml/kg) of the lipid emulsion during 8 days through the marginal ear vein. At the end of the experiment some lipid peroxidation parameters and lipid profile were tested through spectrophotography. Results. Lipofundin was found to induce a significant (p<0.05) increase of malondialdehyde, total hydroperoxides, and peroxidation potential. Also, high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL - cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were observed in treated animals compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Data proved that Lipofundin induces hepatic lipid peroxidation in rabbits, mainly through a mechanism which involves an induction of hyperlipidemia.

Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del lipofundin 20% sobre marcadores hepáticos de peroxidación lipídica en conejos blancos Nueva Zelanda. Materiales y métodos. Los animales fueron tratados con una inyección intravenosa (2 ml/kg) de la emulsión lipídica durante 8 días por la vena marginal de la oreja. Al final del experimento algunos marcadores de peroxidación lipídica y el perfil lipídico fueron espectrofotométricamente determinados. Resultados. Se observó que el lipofundin indujo un incremento significativo (p<0.05) de malonildialdehído, hidroperóxidos totales y el potencial de peroxidación. También, altos niveles de colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol de LDL y colesterol de HDL fueron observados en los animales tratados respecto a los del grupo control (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que el Lipofundin 20% induce peroxidación lipídica hepática en conejos, principalmente a través de un mecanismo que involucra la inducción de hiperlipidemia.

Plantas com possível atividade hipolipidêmica: uma revisão bibliográfica de livros editados no Brasil entre 1998 e 2008 / Plants with possible hypolipidemic activity: a review of books published in Brazil between 1998 and 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar levantamento sobre as plantas medicinais indicadas para o tratamento da hiperlipidemia, hipercolesterolemia e/ou aterosclerose. Este estudo foi feito a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica em 32 livros publicados no Brasil entre 1998 e 2008, resultando em lista de 85 espécies distribuídas em 53 famílias, principalmente Asteraceae e Fabaceae, com 54 espécies exóticas e 31 nativas. As espécies mais citadas foram Allium sativum (Alliaceae), Cynara scolymus (Asteraceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Allium cepa (Alliaceae), Echinodorus grandiflorus (Alismataceae), Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), Vernonia condensata (Asteraceae), Cuphea carthagenensis (Lythraceae) e Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae). As espécies nativas, citadas em pelo menos 2 livros, foram investigadas para alguma evidencia científica relacionada a possíveis efeitos hipolipidêmico, hipocolesterolêmico e/ou contra aterosclerose. Somente foram encontrados estudos científicos, relacionados a estes efeitos, para as espécies nativas Cuphea carthagenensis e Echinodorus grandiflorum, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas que possam garantir a segurança e a eficácia do uso destas espécies.

The aim of this study was to survey medicinal plants indicated for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and/or atherosclerosis. This study was performed from a review of 32 books published in Brazil between 1998 and 2008, resulting in a list of 85 species belonging to 53 families, especially Asteraceae and Fabaceae, with 54 exotic and 31 native species. The species most often cited were Allium sativum (Alliaceae), Cynara scolymus (Asteraceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Allium cepa (Alliaceae), Echinodorus grandiflorus (Alismataceae), Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae), Vernonia condensata (Asteraceae), Cuphea carthagenensis (Lythraceae) and Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae). Native species cited in at least 2 books were investigated for some scientific evidence related to possible hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects and/or action against atherosclerosis. Scientific studies related to these effects were found only for the native species Cuphea carthagenensis and Echinodorus grandiflorum, indicating the need for studies capable of assuring the safety and the efficacy as to the use of these species.

Dislipidemia na infância e na adolescência: pediatria geral / Dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence: general pediatrics

Avaliar a epidemiologia, importância clínica, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento das dislipidemias na infância e na adolescência. Foram selecionados artigos originais e diretrizes nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, com as palavras-chave: lípides (lipids) e criança (child) ou adolescente (adolescent). Foram definidos, para crianças e adolescentes, valores ideais de colesterol total (CT <150 mg/dL), LDL-colesterol (< 100 mg/dL), triglicérides (< 100 mg/dL) e HDL-colesterol (> 45 mg/dL). A dislipidemia teve aumento de incidência nos últimos anos e constitui o maior fator de risco para a progressão da aterosclerose desde a infância. A obesidade é a principal causa determinante, porém outras doenças e medicamentos podem causar hiperlipidemia. O tratamento é baseado em adequação da dieta, atividade física e controle do peso; eventualmente, podem ser utilizados medicamentos como estatinas, resinas, ezetimiba e fibratos (AU)

Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, ameliorates high fat diet-induced alteration in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats / Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, melhora a dieta rica em gordura induzida por alteração no metabolismo de lipídios e colesterol em ratos

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of freeze dried extract of Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae, leaves (FECG) on alteration in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed hyperlipidemic rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, lipid and cholesterol metabolizing enzymes in target tissues and fecal total lipids and bile acid contents were evaluated in FECG treated normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats. These results were compared with synthetic hypolipidemic drug Lovastatin (LVS). Results indicate that FECG was able to positively regulate induced experimental hyperlipidemia by significant alteration in plasma and tissue lipid profiles. These results can be attributed to reduced absorption, effective elimination and augmented catabolism of lipids and cholesterol possibly due to high content of saponin and phytosterols in C. glandulosum. Use of C. glandulosum extract as a potential therapeutic agent against hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is indicated.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia do extrato liofilizado das folhas de Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb., Verbenaceae (FECG), em alterar o metabolismo de lipídios e colesterol em ratos hiperlipidêmicos alimentados em uma dieta rica em gordura. Plasma e perfil lipídico hepático, lipídeos e enzimas que metabolizam o colesterol em tecidos-alvo e o conteúdo de lipídeos fecais totais e ácidos biliares foram avaliados em ratos normolipidêmicos e hiperlipidêmicos tratados com FECG. Os resultados foram comparados com a droga sintética hipolipemiante Lovastatina (LVS). Os resultados indicam que FECG foi capaz de regular positivamente a hiperlipidemia induzida experimentalmente por alteração significativa no perfil lipídico do plasma e tecidos. Estes resultados podem ser atribuídos à absorção reduzida, a eliminação efetiva e catabolismo aumentado de lipídeos e colesterol, possivelmente devido ao alto teor de saponina e fitoesteróis em C. glandulosum Coleb. Uso de extrato de C. glandulosum como um possível agente terapêutico contra a hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia é indicado.