The TMEM132B-GABAA receptor complex controls alcohol actions in the brain.

Alcohol is the most consumed and abused psychoactive drug globally, but the molecular mechanisms driving alcohol action and its associated behaviors in the brain remain enigmatic. Here, we have discovered a transmembrane protein TMEM132B that is a GABAA receptor (GABAAR) auxiliary subunit. Functionally, TMEM132B promotes GABAAR expression at the cell surface, slows receptor deactivation, and enhances the allosteric effects of alcohol on the receptor. In TMEM132B knockout (KO) mice or TMEM132B I499A knockin (KI) mice in which the TMEM132B-GABAAR interaction is specifically abolished, GABAergic transmission is decreased and alcohol-induced potentiation of GABAAR-mediated currents is diminished in hippocampal neurons. Behaviorally, the anxiolytic and sedative/hypnotic effects of alcohol are markedly reduced, and compulsive, binge-like alcohol consumption is significantly increased. Taken together, these data reveal a GABAAR auxiliary subunit, identify the TMEM132B-GABAAR complex as a major alcohol target in the brain, and provide mechanistic insights into alcohol-related behaviors.

RTN4/NoGo-receptor binding to BAI adhesion-GPCRs regulates neuronal development.

RTN4-binding proteins were widely studied as "NoGo" receptors, but their physiological interactors and roles remain elusive. Similarly, BAI adhesion-GPCRs were associated with numerous activities, but their ligands and functions remain unclear. Using unbiased approaches, we observed an unexpected convergence: RTN4 receptors are high-affinity ligands for BAI adhesion-GPCRs. A single thrombospondin type 1-repeat (TSR) domain of BAIs binds to the leucine-rich repeat domain of all three RTN4-receptor isoforms with nanomolar affinity. In the 1.65 Å crystal structure of the BAI1/RTN4-receptor complex, C-mannosylation of tryptophan and O-fucosylation of threonine in the BAI TSR-domains creates a RTN4-receptor/BAI interface shaped by unusual glycoconjugates that enables high-affinity interactions. In human neurons, RTN4 receptors regulate dendritic arborization, axonal elongation, and synapse formation by differential binding to glial versus neuronal BAIs, thereby controlling neural network activity. Thus, BAI binding to RTN4/NoGo receptors represents a receptor-ligand axis that, enabled by rare post-translational modifications, controls development of synaptic circuits.

Heparan Sulfate Organizes Neuronal Synapses through Neurexin Partnerships.

Synapses are fundamental units of communication in the brain. The prototypical synapse-organizing complex neurexin-neuroligin mediates synapse development and function and is central to a shared genetic risk pathway in autism and schizophrenia. Neurexin's role in synapse development is thought to be mediated purely by its protein domains, but we reveal a requirement for a rare glycan modification. Mice lacking heparan sulfate (HS) on neurexin-1 show reduced survival, as well as structural and functional deficits at central synapses. HS directly binds postsynaptic partners neuroligins and LRRTMs, revealing a dual binding mode involving intrinsic glycan and protein domains for canonical synapse-organizing complexes. Neurexin HS chains also bind novel ligands, potentially expanding the neurexin interactome to hundreds of HS-binding proteins. Because HS structure is heterogeneous, our findings indicate an additional dimension to neurexin diversity, provide a molecular basis for fine-tuning synaptic function, and open therapeutic directions targeting glycan-binding motifs critical for brain development.

Chloride transporters controlling neuronal excitability.

Synaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability, which is the foundation of nervous system function. This inhibition is largely mediated by the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine that activate Cl--permeable ion channels, which means that the strength of inhibition depends on the Cl- gradient across the membrane. In neurons, the Cl- gradient is primarily mediated by two secondarily active cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs), NKCC1 and KCC2. CCC-mediated regulation of the neuronal Cl- gradient is critical for healthy brain function, as dysregulation of CCCs has emerged as a key mechanism underlying neurological disorders including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and autism spectrum disorder. This review begins with an overview of neuronal chloride transporters before explaining the dependent relationship between these CCCs, Cl- regulation, and inhibitory synaptic transmission. We then discuss the evidence for how CCCs can be regulated, including by activity and their protein interactions, which underlie inhibitory synaptic plasticity. For readers who may be interested in conducting experiments on CCCs and neuronal excitability, we have included a section on techniques for estimating and recording intracellular Cl-, including their advantages and limitations. Although the focus of this review is on neurons, we also examine how Cl- is regulated in glial cells, which in turn regulate neuronal excitability through the tight relationship between this nonneuronal cell type and synapses. Finally, we discuss the relatively extensive and growing literature on how CCC-mediated neuronal excitability contributes to neurological disorders.

Heterogeneity of glutamatergic synapses: cellular mechanisms and network consequences.

Chemical synapses are commonly known as a structurally and functionally highly diverse class of cell-cell contacts specialized to mediate communication between neurons. They represent the smallest "computational" unit of the brain and are typically divided into excitatory and inhibitory as well as modulatory categories. These categories are subdivided into diverse types, each representing a different structure-function repertoire that in turn are thought to endow neuronal networks with distinct computational properties. The diversity of structure and function found among a given category of synapses is referred to as heterogeneity. The main building blocks for this heterogeneity are synaptic vesicles, the active zone, the synaptic cleft, the postsynaptic density, and glial processes associated with the synapse. Each of these five structural modules entails a distinct repertoire of functions, and their combination specifies the range of functional heterogeneity at mammalian excitatory synapses, which are the focus of this review. We describe synapse heterogeneity that is manifested on different levels of complexity ranging from the cellular morphology of the pre- and postsynaptic cells toward the expression of different protein isoforms at individual release sites. We attempt to define the range of structural building blocks that are used to vary the basic functional repertoire of excitatory synaptic contacts and discuss sources and general mechanisms of synapse heterogeneity. Finally, we explore the possible impact of synapse heterogeneity on neuronal network function.

Vesicle Tethering on the Surface of Phase-Separated Active Zone Condensates.

Tethering of synaptic vesicles (SVs) to the active zone determines synaptic strength, although the molecular basis governing SV tethering is elusive. Here, we discover that small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) and SVs from rat brains coat on the surface of condensed liquid droplets formed by active zone proteins RIM, RIM-BP, and ELKS via phase separation. Remarkably, SUV-coated RIM/RIM-BP condensates are encapsulated by synapsin/SUV condensates, forming two distinct SUV pools reminiscent of the reserve and tethered SV pools that exist in presynaptic boutons. The SUV-coated RIM/RIM-BP condensates can further cluster Ca2+ channels anchored on membranes. Thus, we reconstitute a presynaptic bouton-like structure mimicking the SV-tethered active zone with its one side attached to the presynaptic membrane and the other side connected to the synapsin-clustered SV condensates. The distinct interaction modes between membraneless protein condensates and membrane-based organelles revealed here have general implications in cellular processes, including vesicular formation and trafficking, organelle biogenesis, and autophagy.

Sensory Processing at Ribbon Synapses in the Retina and the Cochlea.

In recent years, sensory neuroscientists have made major efforts to dissect the structure and function of ribbon synapses which process sensory information in the eye and ear. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of two key aspects of ribbon synapses: 1) their mechanisms of exocytosis and endocytosis and 2) their molecular anatomy and physiology. Our comparison of ribbon synapses in the cochlea and the retina reveals convergent signaling mechanisms, as well as divergent strategies in different sensory systems.

Circadian time- and sleep-dependent modulation of cortical parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons.

Parvalbumin-positive neurons (PVs) are the main class of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian central nervous system. By examining diurnal changes in synaptic and neuronal activity of PVs in the supragranular layer of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we found that both PV input and output are modulated in a time- and sleep-dependent manner throughout the 24-h day. We first show that PV-evoked inhibition is stronger by the end of the light cycle (ZT12) relative to the end of the dark cycle (ZT0), which is in line with the lower inhibitory input of PV neurons at ZT12 than at ZT0. Interestingly, PV inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission slowly oscillate in opposite directions during the light/dark cycle. Although excitatory synapses are predominantly regulated by experience, inhibitory synapses are regulated by sleep, via acetylcholine activating M1 receptors. Consistent with synaptic regulation of PVs, we further show in vivo that spontaneous PV activity displays daily rhythm mainly determined by visual experience, which negatively correlates with the activity cycle of surrounding pyramidal neurons and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus-evoked responses in V1. These findings underscore the physiological significance of PV's daily modulation.

Nanoscale architecture of synaptic vesicles and scaffolding complexes revealed by cryo-electron tomography.

The spatial distribution of proteins and their arrangement within the cellular ultrastructure regulates the opening of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in response to glutamate release at the synapse. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that the postsynaptic density (PSD) and scaffolding proteins in the presynaptic active zone (AZ) align across the synapse to form a trans-synaptic "nanocolumn," but the relation to synaptic vesicle release sites is uncertain. Here, we employ focused-ion beam (FIB) milling and cryoelectron tomography to image synapses under near-native conditions. Improved image contrast, enabled by FIB milling, allows simultaneous visualization of supramolecular nanoclusters within the AZ and PSD and synaptic vesicles. Surprisingly, membrane-proximal synaptic vesicles, which fuse to release glutamate, are not preferentially aligned with AZ or PSD nanoclusters. These synaptic vesicles are linked to the membrane by peripheral protein densities, often consistent in size and shape with Munc13, as well as globular densities bridging the synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane, consistent with prefusion complexes of SNAREs, synaptotagmins, and complexin. Monte Carlo simulations of synaptic transmission events using biorealistic models guided by our tomograms predict that clustering AMPARs within PSD nanoclusters increases the variability of the postsynaptic response but not its average amplitude. Together, our data support a model in which synaptic strength is tuned at the level of single vesicles by the spatial relationship between scaffolding nanoclusters and single synaptic vesicle fusion sites.

Influence of lipid bilayer on the structure of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

The muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a transmitter-gated ion channel residing in the plasma membrane of electrocytes and striated muscle cells. It is present predominantly at synaptic junctions, where it effects rapid depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane in response to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Previously, cryo-EM of intact membrane from Torpedo revealed that the lipid bilayer surrounding the junctional receptor has a uniquely asymmetric and ordered structure, due to a high concentration of cholesterol. It is now shown that this special lipid environment influences the transmembrane (TM) folding of the protein. All five submembrane MX helices of the membrane-intact junctional receptor align parallel to the surface of the cholesterol-ordered lipids in the inner leaflet of the bilayer; also, the TM helices in the outer leaflet are splayed apart. However in the structure obtained from the same protein after extraction and incorporation in nanodiscs, the MX helices do not align to a planar surface, and the TM helices arrange compactly in the outer leaflet. Realignment of the MX helices of the nanodisc-solved structure to a planar surface converts their adjoining TM helices into an obligatory splayed configuration, characteristic of the junctional receptor. Thus, the form of the receptor sustained by the special lipid environment of the synaptic junction is the one that mediates fast synaptic transmission; whereas, the nanodisc-embedded protein may be like the extrajunctional form, existing in a disordered lipid environment.

Structural and functional reorganization of inhibitory synapses by activity-dependent cleavage of neuroligin-2.

Recent evidence has demonstrated that the transsynaptic nanoscale organization of synaptic proteins plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic strength in excitatory synapses. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this transsynaptic nanostructure in inhibitory synapses still remains unclear and its impact on synapse function in physiological or pathological contexts has not been demonstrated. In this study, we utilized an engineered proteolysis technique to investigate the effects of acute cleavage of neuroligin-2 (NL2) on synaptic transmission. Our results show that the rapid cleavage of NL2 led to impaired synaptic transmission by reducing both neurotransmitter release probability and quantum size. These changes were attributed to the dispersion of RIM1/2 and GABAA receptors and a weakened spatial alignment between them at the subsynaptic scale, as observed through superresolution imaging and model simulations. Importantly, we found that endogenous NL2 undergoes rapid MMP9-dependent cleavage during epileptic activities, which further exacerbates the decrease in inhibitory transmission. Overall, our study demonstrates the significant impact of nanoscale structural reorganization on inhibitory transmission and unveils ongoing modulation of mature GABAergic synapses through active cleavage of NL2 in response to hyperactivity.

Cortical miR-709 links glutamatergic signaling to NREM sleep EEG slow waves in an activity-dependent manner.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that have been implicated in a plethora of neuronal processes. Nevertheless, their role in regulating brain activity in the context of sleep has so far received little attention. To test their involvement, we deleted mature miRNAs in post-mitotic neurons at two developmental ages, i.e., in early adulthood using conditional Dicer knockout (cKO) mice and in adult mice using an inducible conditional Dicer cKO (icKO) line. In both models, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was affected and the response to sleep deprivation (SD) altered; while the rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) rebound was compromised in both, the increase in EEG delta (1 to 4 Hz) power during non-REMS (NREMS) was smaller in cKO mice and larger in icKO mice compared to controls. We subsequently investigated the effects of SD on the forebrain miRNA transcriptome and found that the expression of 48 miRNAs was affected, and in particular that of the activity-dependent miR-709. In vivo inhibition of miR-709 in the brain increased EEG power during NREMS in the slow-delta (0.75 to 1.75 Hz) range, particularly after periods of prolonged wakefulness. Transcriptome analysis of primary cortical neurons in vitro revealed that miR-709 regulates genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. A subset of these genes was also affected in the cortices of sleep-deprived, miR-709-inhibited mice. Our data implicate miRNAs in the regulation of EEG activity and indicate that miR-709 links neuronal activity during wakefulness to brain synchrony during sleep through the regulation of glutamatergic signaling.

Complexin has a dual synaptic function as checkpoint protein in vesicle priming and as a promoter of vesicle fusion.

The presynaptic SNARE-complex regulator complexin (Cplx) enhances the fusogenicity of primed synaptic vesicles (SVs). Consequently, Cplx deletion impairs action potential-evoked transmitter release. Conversely, though, Cplx loss enhances spontaneous and delayed asynchronous release at certain synapse types. Using electrophysiology and kinetic modeling, we show that such seemingly contradictory transmitter release phenotypes seen upon Cplx deletion can be explained by an additional of Cplx in the control of SV priming, where its ablation facilitates the generation of a "faulty" SV fusion apparatus. Supporting this notion, a sequential two-step priming scheme, featuring reduced vesicle fusogenicity and increased transition rates into the faulty primed state, reproduces all aberrations of transmitter release modes and short-term synaptic plasticity seen upon Cplx loss. Accordingly, we propose a dual presynaptic function for the SNARE-complex interactor Cplx, one as a "checkpoint" protein that guarantees the proper assembly of the fusion machinery during vesicle priming, and one in boosting vesicle fusogenicity.

Heterozygous deletion of the autism-associated gene CHD8 impairs synaptic function through widespread changes in gene expression and chromatin compaction.

Whole-exome sequencing of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands and unaffected family members has identified many genes harboring de novo variants suspected to play a causal role in the disorder. Of these, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) is the most recurrently mutated. Despite the prevalence of CHD8 mutations, we have little insight into how CHD8 loss affects genome organization or the functional consequences of these molecular alterations in neurons. Here, we engineered two isogenic human embryonic stem cell lines with CHD8 loss-of-function mutations and characterized differences in differentiated human cortical neurons. We identified hundreds of genes with altered expression, including many involved in neural development and excitatory synaptic transmission. Field recordings and single-cell electrophysiology revealed a 3-fold decrease in firing rates and synaptic activity in CHD8+/- neurons, as well as a similar firing-rate deficit in primary cortical neurons from Chd8+/- mice. These alterations in neuron and synapse function can be reversed by CHD8 overexpression. Moreover, CHD8+/- neurons displayed a large increase in open chromatin across the genome, where the greatest change in compaction was near autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2), which encodes a transcriptional regulator implicated in ASD. Genes with changes in chromatin accessibility and expression in CHD8+/- neurons have significant overlap with genes mutated in probands for ASD, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia but not with genes mutated in healthy controls or other disease cohorts. Overall, this study characterizes key molecular alterations in genome structure and expression in CHD8+/- neurons and links these changes to impaired neuronal and synaptic function.

SGIP1 binding to the α-helical H9 domain of cannabinoid receptor 1 promotes axonal surface expression.

Endocannabinoid signalling mediated by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R, also known as CNR1) is critical for homeostatic neuromodulation of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. This requires highly polarised axonal surface expression of CB1R, but how this is achieved remains unclear. We previously reported that the α-helical H9 domain in the intracellular C terminus of CB1R contributes to axonal surface expression by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show in rat primary neuronal cultures that the H9 domain binds to the endocytic adaptor protein SGIP1 to promote CB1R expression in the axonal membrane. Overexpression of SGIP1 increases CB1R axonal surface localisation but has no effect on CB1R lacking the H9 domain (CB1RΔH9). Conversely, SGIP1 knockdown reduces axonal surface expression of CB1R but does not affect CB1RΔH9. Furthermore, SGIP1 knockdown diminishes CB1R-mediated inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ influx in response to neuronal activity. Taken together, these data advance mechanistic understanding of endocannabinoid signalling by demonstrating that SGIP1 interaction with the H9 domain underpins axonal CB1R surface expression to regulate presynaptic responsiveness.

mRNA nuclear retention reduces AMPAR expression and promotes autistic behavior in UBE3A-overexpressing mice.

UBE3A is a common genetic factor in ASD etiology, and transgenic mice overexpressing UBE3A exhibit typical autistic-like behaviors. Because AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is considered one of the primary cellular mechanisms in ASD pathology, we investigate here the involvement of AMPARs in UBE3A-dependent ASD. We show that expression of the AMPAR GluA1 subunit is decreased in UBE3A-overexpressing mice, and that AMPAR-mediated neuronal activity is reduced. GluA1 mRNA is trapped in the nucleus of UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, suppressing GluA1 protein synthesis. Also, SARNP, an mRNA nuclear export protein, is downregulated in UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, causing GluA1 mRNA nuclear retention. Restoring SARNP levels not only rescues GluA1 mRNA localization and protein expression, but also normalizes neuronal activity and autistic behaviors in mice overexpressing UBE3A. These findings indicate that SARNP plays a crucial role in the cellular and behavioral phenotypes of UBE3A-induced ASD by regulating nuclear mRNA trafficking and protein translation of a key AMPAR subunit.

C. elegans Clarinet/CLA-1 recruits RIMB-1/RIM-binding protein and UNC-13 to orchestrate presynaptic neurotransmitter release.

Synaptic transmission requires the coordinated activity of multiple synaptic proteins that are localized at the active zone (AZ). We previously identified a Caenorhabditis elegans protein named Clarinet (CLA-1) based on homology to the AZ proteins Piccolo, Rab3-interactingmolecule (RIM)/UNC-10 and Fife. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), cla-1 null mutants exhibit release defects that are greatly exacerbated in cla-1;unc-10 double mutants. To gain insights into the coordinated roles of CLA-1 and UNC-10, we examined the relative contributions of each to the function and organization of the AZ. Using a combination of electrophysiology, electron microscopy, and quantitative fluorescence imaging we explored the functional relationship of CLA-1 to other key AZ proteins including: RIM1, Cav2.1 channels, RIM1-binding protein, and Munc13 (C. elegans UNC-10, UNC-2, RIMB-1 and UNC-13, respectively). Our analyses show that CLA-1 acts in concert with UNC-10 to regulate UNC-2 calcium channel levels at the synapse via recruitment of RIMB-1. In addition, CLA-1 exerts a RIMB-1-independent role in the localization of the priming factor UNC-13. Thus C. elegans CLA-1/UNC-10 exhibit combinatorial effects that have overlapping design principles with other model organisms: RIM/RBP and RIM/ELKS in mouse and Fife/RIM and BRP/RBP in Drosophila. These data support a semiconserved arrangement of AZ scaffolding proteins that are necessary for the localization and activation of the fusion machinery within nanodomains for precise coupling to Ca2+ channels.

Cholinergic Activation of Corticofugal Circuits in the Adult Mouse Prefrontal Cortex.

Acetylcholine (ACh) promotes neocortical output to the thalamus and brainstem by preferentially enhancing the postsynaptic excitability of layer 5 pyramidal tract (PT) neurons relative to neighboring intratelencephalic (IT) neurons. Less is known about how ACh regulates the excitatory synaptic drive of IT and PT neurons. To address this question, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials (sEPSPs) were recorded in dual recordings of IT and PT neurons in slices of prelimbic cortex from adult female and male mice. ACh (20 µM) enhanced sEPSP amplitudes, frequencies, rise-times, and half-widths preferentially in PT neurons. These effects were blocked by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (1 µM). When challenged with pirenzepine (1 µM), an antagonist selective for M1-type muscarinic receptors, ACh instead reduced sEPSP frequencies, suggesting that ACh may generally suppress synaptic transmission in the cortex via non-M1 receptors. Cholinergic enhancement of sEPSPs in PT neurons was not sensitive to antagonism of GABA receptors with gabazine (10 µM) and CGP52432 (2.5 µM) but was blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 µM), suggesting that ACh enhances action-potential-dependent excitatory synaptic transmission in PT neurons. ACh also preferentially promoted the occurrence of synchronous sEPSPs in dual recordings of PT neurons relative to IT-PT and IT-IT parings. Finally, selective chemogenetic silencing of hM4Di-expressing PT, but not commissural IT, neurons blocked cholinergic enhancement of sEPSP amplitudes and frequencies in PT neurons. These data suggest that, in addition to selectively enhancing the postsynaptic excitability of PT neurons, M1 receptor activation promotes corticofugal output by amplifying recurrent excitation within networks of PT neurons.

A Systematic Structure-Function Characterization of a Human Mutation in Neurexin-3α Reveals an Extracellular Modulatory Sequence That Stabilizes Neuroligin-1 Binding to Enhance the Postsynaptic Properties of Excitatory Synapses.

α-Neurexins are essential and highly expressed presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules that are frequently linked to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their importance, how the elaborate extracellular sequences of α-neurexins contribute to synapse function is poorly understood. We recently characterized the presynaptic gain-of-function phenotype caused by a missense mutation in an evolutionarily conserved extracellular sequence of neurexin-3α (A687T) that we identified in a patient diagnosed with profound intellectual disability and epilepsy. The striking A687T gain-of-function mutation on neurexin-3α prompted us to systematically test using mutants whether the presynaptic gain-of-function phenotype is a consequence of the addition of side-chain bulk (i.e., A687V) or polar/hydrophilic properties (i.e., A687S). We used multidisciplinary approaches in mixed-sex primary hippocampal cultures to assess the impact of the neurexin-3αA687 residue on synapse morphology, function and ligand binding. Unexpectedly, neither A687V nor A687S recapitulated the neurexin-3α A687T phenotype. Instead, distinct from A687T, molecular replacement with A687S significantly enhanced postsynaptic properties exclusively at excitatory synapses and selectively increased binding to neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-3 without changing binding to neuroligin-2 or LRRTM2. Importantly, we provide the first experimental evidence supporting the notion that the position A687 of neurexin-3α and the N-terminal sequences of neuroligins may contribute to the stability of α-neurexin-neuroligin-1 trans-synaptic interactions and that these interactions may specifically regulate the postsynaptic strength of excitatory synapses.

Characterization of Mice Carrying a Neurodevelopmental Disease-Associated GluN2B(L825V) Variant.

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), encoded by GRIN genes, are ionotropic glutamate receptors playing a critical role in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and synapse development. Genome sequence analyses have identified variants in GRIN genes in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying disease mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we have created and evaluated a transgenic mouse line carrying a missense variant Grin2bL825V , corresponding to a de novo GRIN2B variant encoding GluN2B(L825V) found in a patient with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used HEK293T cells expressing recombinant receptors and primary hippocampal neurons prepared from heterozygous Grin2bL825V/+ (L825V/+) and wild-type (WT) Grin2b+/+ (+/+) male and female mice to assess the functional impact of the variant. Whole-cell NMDAR currents were reduced in neurons from L825V/+ compared with +/+ mice. The peak amplitude of NMDAR-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDAR-eEPSCs) was unchanged, but NMDAR-eEPSCs in L825V/+ neurons had faster deactivation compared with +/+ neurons and were less sensitive to a GluN2B-selective antagonist ifenprodil. Together, these results suggest a decreased functional contribution of GluN2B subunits to synaptic NMDAR currents in hippocampal neurons from L825V/+ mice. The analysis of the GluN2B(L825V) subunit surface expression and synaptic localization revealed no differences compared with WT GluN2B. Behavioral testing of mice of both sexes demonstrated hypoactivity, anxiety, and impaired sensorimotor gating in the L825V/+ strain, particularly affecting males, as well as cognitive symptoms. The heterozygous L825V/+ mouse offers a clinically relevant model of GRIN2B-related ID/ASD, and our results suggest synaptic-level functional changes that may contribute to neurodevelopmental pathology.