Confronting Challenges: An Inductive Thematic Analysis Of Barriers And Solutions To Undergraduate Medical Research In Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To qualitatively analyse the barriers in pursuing undergraduate research, and to propose solutions for the problems identified. METHODS: The qualitative study was conducted from May to October 2021 after approval from the institutional ethics review board of the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised undergraduate students of either gender at various public and private medical universities across Pakistan having some level of research experience and good communication skills. Data triangulation was employed to collect qualitative data through open-ended survey, face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. Using the information of one method to inform the rest, linked trajectories were established that allowed validation of information at each level. Data was coded manually by two researchers independently. Data was subjected to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Of the 33 subjects, 17(51.5%) were males, 17(51.5%) were from private medical colleges, 18(54.5%) were from Karachi, and 11(33.3%) were in the final year of medical school. Overall, 13(39.4%) students completed the open-ended survey, 6(18.2%) completed face-to-face interviews, and 14(42.4%) participated in focus group discussions. Thematic analysis showed that students were interested in research to improve their career prospects, but not all were passionate about it. Students were not satisfied with the quality of research being conducted in the country. Dearth of motivated faculty, unavailability of well-maintained and digitalised data registries, ineffective research methodology teaching and lack of access to medical journals and research software were the major barriers in undergraduate research. Time constraint was a projecting problem which challenged the students. Frequent research workshops and conferences, strong networking, reorienting curriculum to provide early exposure to research and student-led initiatives were suggested to improve undergraduate research in Pakistan. CONCLUSIONS: Students' lack of initiative coupled with administrative and faculty-related issues pose a serious threat to the future of evidence-based medicine. Proposed solutions offer a ray of hope to the future of undergraduate research in Pakistan.

[Evaluation of the current research structures in trauma surgery : A survey of the scientific committee of the German Society for Trauma Surgery]. / Erhebung der Forschungsstrukturen in der Unfallchirurgie : Eine Umfrage des Wissenschaftsausschusses der DGU.

BACKGROUND: To improve research in orthopedics and traumatology (O&T) in Germany, the implementation of comprehensive research collaborations and enhanced communication pathways among different institutions are necessary. This survey was initiated to collect data regarding the current research structures in O&T. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A subject-specific questionnaire was sent via email to collect data regarding demographics, on-going and past research activities and the funding. Naming of current and future research topics and problems regarding realization of projects were determined. All results were submitted electronically, anonymously and voluntarily. RESULTS: Of 229 participants, 83% worked as clinicians and 59.6% of the participants were working in departments with joint structures (O&T). Industry and universities were found to be the essential funding sources. Future research topics tend to concentrate on digital health issues (artificial intelligence, big data, 3D-printing). Resource scarcity in time and staff as well as administrative barriers but also insufficient funding were identified as major impediments of research activity. CONCLUSION: Future research development in O&T will cause an expansion of techniques and methods. At the same time aggravated personnel, financial, administrative and legal framework conditions can only be managed with an intensively increased effort. Cooperation projects and collaborative research structures might be a solution to these challenges.

Emerging trends and focus of human gastrointestinal microbiome research from 2010-2021: a visualized study.

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal microbiome is an important component of the human body and is closely related to human health and disease. This study describes the hotspots of the human gastrointestinal microbiome research and its evolution in the past decade, evaluates the scientific cooperation network, and finally predicts the field's future development trend using bibliometric analysis and a visualized study. METHODS: We searched the original articles from January 2010 to February 2021 in the Scopus database using the term "gastrointestinal microbiome" and its synonyms. CiteSpace was used to construct country and author co-occurrence map; conduct journal, citation cocitation analysis, and reference co-citation knowledge map; and form a keywords co-occurrence map, a clustering knowledge map, timeline view of keywords, and burst term map. RESULT: A total of 4444 documents published from January 2010 to February 2021 were analysed. In approximately the past decade, the number of articles on the human gastrointestinal microbiome has increased rapidly, and the research topics focus on different populations, research methods, and detection methods. All countries and regions in the world, led by the US, are studying the human gastrointestinal microbiome, and many research teams with close cooperation have been formed. The research has been published extensively in microbiology journals and clinical medicine journals, and the highly cited articles mainly describe the relationship between gastrointestinal microorganisms and human health and disease. Regarding the research emphasis, researchers' exploration of the human gastrointestinal microbiome (2011-2013) was at a relatively macro and superficial stage and sought to determine how the gastrointestinal microbiome relates to humans. From 2014 to 2017, increasingly more studies were conducted to determine the interaction between human gastrointestinal flora and various organs and systems. In addition, researchers (2018-2021) focused on the gastrointestinal microbial community and the diversity of certain types of microbes. CONCLUSION: Over time, the scope of the research on the clinical uses of the gastrointestinal microbiome gradually increased, and the contents were gradually deepened and developed towards a more precise level. The study of the human gastrointestinal microbiome is an ongoing research hotspot and contributes to human health.

Changing landscape of nutrition and dietetics research? A bibliographic analysis of top-tier published research in 1998 and 2018.

OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to describe and compare study type, research design and translation phase of published research in nutrition and dietetic journals in 1998 and 2018. DESIGN: This was a repeat cross-sectional bibliographic analysis of Nutrition and Dietetics research. All eligible studies in the top eight Nutrition and Dietetics indexed journals in 1998 and 2018 were included. Two independent reviewers coded each study for research design (study type and study design) and translation phase (T0-T4) of the research using seminal texts in the field. SETTING: Not relevant. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant. RESULTS: The number of publications (1998, n 1030; 2018, n 1016) has not changed over time, but the research type, design and translation phases have. The proportion of intervention studies in 1998 (43·8 %) was significantly higher than 2018 (19·4 %). In 2018, more reviews (46·9 % v. 15·6 % in 1998) and less randomised trials (14·3 % v. 37·8 % in 1998) were published. In regard to translation phase, there was a higher proportion of T2-T4 research in 2018 (18·3 % v. 3·8 % in 1998); however, the proportion of T3/T4 (dissemination, implementation and population-level research) research was still low (<3 %). Our sensitivity analysis with the four journals that remained in the top eight journal across the two time periods found no differences in the research type, design and translation phases across time. CONCLUSIONS: There was a reduction in intervention and T0 publications, alongside higher publication of clinical study designs over time; however, published T3/T4 research in Nutrition and Dietetics is low. A greater focus on publishing interventions and dissemination and implementation may be needed.

Neuroscience-related research in Ghana: a systematic evaluation of direction and capacity.

Neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases account for considerable healthcare, economic and social burdens in Ghana. In order to effectively address these burdens, appropriately-trained scientists who conduct high-impact neuroscience research will be needed. Additionally, research directions should be aligned with national research priorities. However, to provide information about current neuroscience research productivity and direction, the existing capacity and focus need to be identified. This would allow opportunities for collaborative research and training to be properly explored and developmental interventions to be better targeted. In this study, we sought to evaluate the existing capacity and direction of neuroscience-related research in Ghana. To do this, we examined publications reporting research investigations authored by scientists affiliated with Ghanaian institutions in specific areas of neuroscience over the last two decades (1995-2015). 127 articles that met our inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated in terms of research foci, annual publication trends and author affiliations. The most actively-researched areas identified include neurocognitive impairments in non-nervous system disorders, depression and suicide, epilepsy and seizures, neurological impact of substance misuse, and neurological disorders. These studies were mostly hospital and community-based surveys. About 60% of these articles were published in the last seven years, suggesting a recent increase in research productivity. However, data on experimental and clinical research outcomes were particularly lacking. We suggest that future investigations should focus on the following specific areas where information was lacking: large-scale disease epidemiology, effectiveness of diagnostic platforms and therapeutic treatments, and the genetic, genomic and molecular bases of diseases.

[International focuses in the studies of chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A social network analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the internationally published literature relevant to chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) using bibliometrics and social network analysis, and investigate the current status and focuses of CPPS studies. METHODS: We identified 692 publications on CPPS by searching PubMed up to December 2015, extracted their subject headings, calculated the frequencies of the headings, and constructed a co-occurrence network of the high-frequency (≥10) subject headings. Then we studied the features and structure of the co-occurrence network by analyzing its attributes and topological structure. RESULTS: The density of the constructed co-occurrence network was 0.111, with an average distance of 2.886 and a clustering coefficient of 0.685. Its low density, long average distance and high clustering coefficient indicated that it was a sparse network, with a slow speed of information spreading among nodes but a strong potential coherence, which suggested that the current topics in the study of CPPS were scattered and weakly correlated, with a high possibility of being integrated. Based on the topological structure of the co-occurrence network, the topics in the study of CPPS were divided into six aspects: diagnosis and classification, drug therapy, treatment, etiology, microbiology, psychology, and epidemiology, the more important of which were diagnosis and classification, drug therapy, treatment and etiology. CONCLUSIONS: A system has been formed in the studies of CPPS, focusing on the diagnosis, drug therapy, and etiology of the disease. However, the research topics are relatively scattered and frequently repeated. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the macrocosmic guidance and rational coordination of the researches on CPPS.

Emerging research themes in maternal hypothyroidism: a bibliometric exploration.

Background: Hypothyroidism, a prevalent endocrine disorder, carries significant implications for maternal and infant health, especially in the context of maternal hypothyroidism. Despite a gradual surge in recent research, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the current state, focal points, and developmental trends in this field remains challenging. Clarifying these aspects and advancing research could notably enhance maternal-infant health outcomes. Therefore, this study employs bibliometric methods to systematically scrutinize maternal hypothyroidism research, serving as a reference for further investigations. Objective: Through bibliometric analysis, this study seeks to unveil key research focus areas, developmental trends, and primary contributors in Maternal Hypothyroidism. The findings offer insights and recommendations to inform future research endeavors in this domain. Methods: Literature metrics analysis was performed on data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The analysis examined the evolution and thematic trends of literature related to Maternal Hypothyroidism. Data were collected on October 28, 2023, and bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix software package, considering specific characteristics such as publication year, country/region, institution, authorship, journals, references, and keywords. Results: Retrieved from 1,078 journals, 4,184 articles were authored by 18,037 contributors in 4,580 institutions across 113 countries/regions on six continents. Maternal Hypothyroidism research publications surged from 44 to 310 annually, a 604.54% growth from 1991 to 2022. The USA (940 articles, 45,233 citations), China Medical University (82 articles, 2,176 citations), and Teng, Weiping (52 articles, 1,347 citations) emerged as the most productive country, institution, and author, respectively. "Thyroid" topped with 233 publications, followed by "Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism" (202) with the most citations (18,513). "Pregnancy" was the most cited keyword, with recent high-frequency keywords such as "outcome," "gestational diabetes," "iodine intake," "preterm birth," "guideline," and "diagnosis" signaling emerging themes in Maternal Hypothyroidism. Conclusions: This study unveils developmental trends, global collaboration patterns, foundational knowledge, and emerging frontiers in Maternal Hypothyroidism. Over 30 years, research has predominantly focused on aspects like diagnosis, treatment guidelines, thyroid function during pregnancy, and postpartum outcomes, with a central emphasis on the correlation between maternal and fetal health.

Looking beyond Body Structure and Function: ICF Foci and Who Is Being Assessed in Research about Adolescents and Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy-A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to summarize the ICF foci, looking beyond body structures and function, and to analyze who has been assessed in research about adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with CP in the phase of transition to adulthood. METHOD: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched using terms related to cerebral palsy, adolescents/young adults, health development, participation, and independence. Studies including youth with CP (13-30 years old) published in English from 2014 to 2021 were considered. The methods of assessment reported in the included studies were used to identify the ICF foci and who was assessed. RESULTS: In this study, 86 studies were reviewed. The main ICF foci are activity and participation (51% of the studies), personal factors (23%), ICF not covered (14%), ICF not defined (9%), with environmental factors being the least focused ICF component (3%). Most studies assessed AYAs directly (49% of studies). CONCLUSIONS: Activity- and participation-related constructs are the leading research focus of studies, and more attention is needed concerning environmental factors. AYAs are the main source of information, and the perspectives of other key figures are also being valued. To bridge the gap between child and adult health care, a broader view of health development and approaches to explore AYA developmental issues must be taken.

Autoimmune pancreatitis: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022.

Background/Objectives: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct form of pancreatic inflammatory disease that responds well to glucocorticoid therapy. Knowledge on AIP has rapidly evolved over the past two decades. Based on bibliometric analysis, this study aimed to assess the research status of AIP over the past two decades and determine the research focus and emerging topics. Methods: AIP-related publications published between January 1, 2002, and June 6, 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric data were analyzed using HisCite, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and bibliometrix package. Annual output, leading countries/regions, active institutions and authors, core journals and references, and keywords of AIP were evaluated. Results: Overall, 1,772 publications were retrieved from 501 journals by 6,767 authors from 63 countries/regions. Japan published articles on AIP the most (n=728, 41.1%), followed by the United States (n=336, 19%), Germany (n=147, 8.3%), China (n=127, 7%), and Italy (n=107, 6%). The top three most prolific authors were Terumi Kamisawa from Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital (n=117), Kazuichi Okazaki from Kansai Medical University (n=103), and Shigeyuki Kawa from Matsumoto Dental University (n=94). Pancreas was the most productive journal regarding AIP research (n=95), followed by the Journal of Gastroenterology (n=67), Internal Medicine (n=66), Pancreatology (n=63), and World Journal of Gastroenterology (n=62). "Diagnosis" was the most mentioned keyword. "Risk," "malignancy," "outcome," "22-gauge needle," and "fine-needle aspiration" were recognized as emerging topics. Conclusion: Japan was the leading country in AIP research. Research papers were mainly published in specialized journals. Diagnosis was the research focus. Long-term outcomes and pancreatic tissue acquisition were recognized as research frontiers for AIP.

Emerging trends and focus on the link between gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes: A bibliometric and visualization analysis.

Objective: To conduct the first thorough bibliometric analysis to evaluate and quantify global research regarding to the gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: A literature search for research studies on gut microbiota and T1D was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 24 September 2022. VOSviewer software and the packages Bibliometrix R and ggplot used in RStudio were applied to perform the bibliometric and visualization analysis. Results: A total of 639 publications was extracted using the terms "gut microbiota" and "type 1 diabetes" (and their synonyms in MeSH). Ultimately, 324 articles were included in the bibliometric analysis. The United States and European countries are the main contributors to this field, and the top 10 most influential institutions are all based in the United States, Finland and Denmark. The three most influential researchers in this field are Li Wen, Jorma Ilonen and Mikael Knip. Historical direct citation analysis showed the evolution of the most cited papers in the field of T1D and gut microbiota. Clustering analysis defined seven clusters, covering the current main topics in both basic and clinical research on T1D and gut microbiota. The most commonly found high-frequency keywords in the period from 2018 to 2021 were "metagenomics," "neutrophils" and "machine learning." Conclusion: The application of multi-omics and machine learning approaches will be a necessary future step for better understanding gut microbiota in T1D. Finally, the future outlook for customized therapy toward reshaping gut microbiota of T1D patients remains promising.

Emerging trends and focus of research on the relationship between traumatic brain injury and gut microbiota: a visualized study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious types of trauma and imposes a heavy social and economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The development of emerging biotechnologies is uncovering the relationship between TBI and gut flora, and gut flora as a potential intervention target is of increasing interest to researchers. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research employing bibliometric methodologies to scrutinize the interrelation between these two. Therefore, this study visualized the relationship between TBI and gut flora based on bibliometric methods to reveal research trends and hotspots in the field. The ultimate objective is to catalyze progress in the preclinical and clinical evolution of strategies for treating and managing TBI. Methods: Terms related to TBI and gut microbiota were combined to search the Scopus database for relevant documents from inception to February 2023. Visual analysis was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results: From September 1972 to February 2023, 2,957 documents published from 98 countries or regions were analyzed. The number of published studies on the relationship between TBI and gut flora has risen exponentially, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom being representative of countries publishing in related fields. Research has formed strong collaborations around highly productive authors, but there is a relative lack of international cooperation. Research in this area is mainly published in high-impact journals in the field of neurology. The "intestinal microbiota and its metabolites," "interventions," "mechanism of action" and "other diseases associated with traumatic brain injury" are the most promising and valuable research sites. Targeting the gut flora to elucidate the mechanisms for the development of the course of TBI and to develop precisely targeted interventions and clinical management of TBI comorbidities are of great significant research direction and of interest to researchers. Conclusion: The findings suggest that close attention should be paid to the relationship between gut microbiota and TBI, especially the interaction, potential mechanisms, development of emerging interventions, and treatment of TBI comorbidities. Further investigation is needed to understand the causal relationship between gut flora and TBI and its specific mechanisms, especially the "brain-gut microbial axis."

An In-Depth Examination of Surgeon-Scientists' NIH-Funded Areas of Research.

Background: Few studies have examined which National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institutes or Centers (ICs) provide most of the funding to surgeons, nor examined the specifics of their research focus areas. A better understanding of both the goals of ICs and research focus areas for surgeons may facilitate further alignment of the two. Methods: A previously created database of NIH-funded surgeons was queried. To understand trends in funding, total grant cost was calculated for each IC in 2010 and 2020, and distribution of IC funds to each principal investigator (PI) category (surgeons, other physicians, and PhDs without a medical degree) was compared. Finally, total cost for Research Condition and Disease Categorization (RCDC) areas funded to surgeons compared to all of NIH was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed; a two-tailed p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) awarded the largest percentage of all 2020 surgeon funding, 34.3% ($298.9M). Compared to the other ICs, surgeons held the largest percentage of the National Eye Institute's (NEI) total funding in 2010 and 2020 at 8.7% and 9.0%, respectively. The RCDC super category comprising the most funding for surgeons was health disparities with 14.5% of all surgeon funding, followed by neurology (13.8%) and cancer (11.4%). Surgeons were awarded 10.8% of NIH's transplant-related research, 7.0% of ophthalmology-related research, and 3.4% of cancer-related research in 2020. Conclusions: Our study shows surgeons have positioned themselves to examine new and myriad research topics while maintaining a focus on health disparities and cancer-related research.

Emerging trends and focus for the link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and kidney disease.

The clinical value of the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiome imbalance and its corresponding interventions with kidney disease is emerging. This study describes the hotspots and evolution of gastrointestinal microbiome and kidney disease research over the past three decades by scientific collaboration networks and finally predicts future trends in the field through bibliometric analysis and visualization studies. CiteSpace was used to explore the original articles from January 1990 to August 2021 to visualize the knowledge network of journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in this field. Publications were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection database using the terms "gastrointestinal microbiome" and "kidney disease" (and their synonyms in MeSH). A total of 2145 publications with 93880 references in 102 journals were included in the analyses. The number of studies combining gastrointestinal microbiomes with kidney diseases has increased significantly over the past two decades. The United States is the leading country in the number of documents, and the leading institution is the Cleveland Clinic. The most landmark articles in the field are on chronic renal failure, L-Carnitin, and cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of uremia toxin is an emerging trend in gastrointestinal microbiomes and kidney diseases. In addition, probiotic or synbiotic supplements have strong clinical value in adjusting abnormal intestinal symbiotic environments. This study demonstrates a growing understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and kidney disease over time. Using microbial supplements to improve the living conditions of kidney disease patients is a promising and hot research focus. Based on publications extracted from the database, this study may provide clinicians and researchers with valuable information to identify potential collaborators and partner institutions and better predict their dynamic progression.

Research focus and theme trend on fulminant myocarditis: A bibliometric analysis.

Aims: This study intends to explore the research focus and trends of fulminant myocarditis (FM) to have a better understanding of the topic. Materials and methods: The data were downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS) database using the topic (TS) advanced search strategy. Many instruments were used to extract, analyze, and visualize the data, such as Microsoft Excel, HistCite Pro, GunnMap, BibExcel, and VOSviewer. Results: From 1985 to 2022, 726 documents were indexed in the WoS. The United States and Columbia University were the most productive country and institutions. Keywords co-occurrence was carried out and four research themes were identified. In addition, the top three prolific authors, the first three highly cited authors, and the core authors of the author co-citation network were identified. The topics that they kept an eye on were analyzed, and the research areas of key authors were similar to the results of keyword co-occurrence. The hot topics of FM were related to the mechanical circulatory support, etiology, diagnosis, and the disease or therapy associated with FM. Conclusion: This study carried out a systematic analysis of the documents related to FM from 1985 to 2022, which can provide a guideline for researchers to understand the theme trend to promote future research to be carried out.

Progress of Ecological Restoration Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis.

With the deterioration of the global/regional ecological environment, ecological restoration plays an important role in sustainable development. However, due to the differences in research methods, objectives, and perspectives, the research results are highly diverse. This makes it necessary to sort the publications related to ecological restoration, clarify the research status, grasp the research hotspots, and predict the future research trends. Here, 23,755 articles from the core database of Web of Science were retrieved, and bibliometric analysis was carried out to understand the global ecological restoration research progress from 1990 to 2022 from a macro perspective, with the aim to determine the future development direction. The results are as follows. (1) From 1990 to 2022, the number of publications in the field of ecological restoration constantly increased, and the fluctuation of the average annual citations increased. The most important articles were published in high-ranking journals. (2) Ecological restoration covers a wide range of research areas, including biodiversity, ecosystem services, climate change, land use, and ecological restoration theories and technologies. The four main hotspots in this field are heavy metal removal, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen concentrations, grassland ecological restoration, and evaluation framework and modeling of ecological restoration's effects. Currently, studies focus on river basin remediation, heavy metal removal, and forest restoration. (3) Future ecological restoration research should strengthen the multi-object aspect and multi-scale ecological restoration research, improve the ecological restoration effect evaluation system, and incorporate social and economic issues. This study identified current research hotspots and predicted potential future research directions, providing a scientific reference for future studies in the field of ecological restoration.

Emerging trends and focus of giant cell tumor of bone research from 2001-2021: A visualization research.

Giant cell tumor of bone is a highly invasive benign tumor with a high postoperative recurrence rate. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the research hotspots and trends of global research on giant cell tumor of bone in the past 20 years, to provide a reference for relevant personnel in this field to carry out academic research. METHODS: The literature related to giant cell tumor of bone from 2001 to 2021 was retrieved from the Web of Science. The bibliometrics research method and VOS Viewer were used to extract and analyze the keywords of the journal authors' research institutions, and the research status and development direction in the recent 20 years were visualized. RESULTS: A total of 2063 articles were included. The number of global publications is increasing every year. The United States contributes the most to global research, with the most citations and the highest H-index. The journal Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research published the most articles on this issue. "Denosumab" and "h3f3a" will get more attention and be the next popular hotspot in the future. CONCLUSION: The study of giant cell tumor of bone is a hot spot of continuous development and has an important contribution to human health.

Analysis of the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant support for the field of cataract study during the past ten years / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the funding status of cataract research funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2019, and discuss the development focus on basic cataract research in the near future, so as to provide reference information for researchers in the field of cataract to understand the progress of basic research and apply for funding.<p>METHODS: The cataract research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2019 were counted. The categories of funded projects, project title, fund amount, applicant unit and region, approved year and key words were statistically analyzed. <p>RESULTS: In the past ten years, the number of cataract research projects and the amount of funding accounted for 9.35% and 9.72% of the total amount of the whole ophthalmology area respectively. The number of projects in ophthalmology and cataract research and the amount of aid received generally showed a wavy upward trend. The key words in the project setup are gradually increasing, and more and more inclined to mechanism research. With the development of computer aided technology, TALEN technology and total exon sequencing technology, cataract research presents a trend of integration of medicine and other disciplines. East China, especially Shanghai, ranks first in terms of the number of projects and funds received. Among the categories of projects, the number and funding are the largest among the general projects. In recent years, the number of the Youth Science Foundation projects has risen strongly, and even exceeds the general projects in some areas. <p>CONCLUSION: The focus of cataract research from 2010 to 2019 tends to be diversified. The integration of multi-disciplines and the application of new techniques and methods are prominent features. The fund amount and the level of research are unbalanced in regional development.

Current developments in toxicological research on arsenic.

There is a plethora of recent publications on all aspects relevant to the toxicology of arsenic (As). Over centuries exposures to arsenic continue to be a major public health problem in many countries. In particular, the occurrence of high As concentrations in groundwater of Southeast Asia receives now much attention. Therefore, arsenic is a high-priority matter for toxicological research. Key exposure to As are (traditional) medicines, combustion of As-rich coal, presence of As in groundwater, and pollution due to mining activities. As-induced cardiovascular disorders and carcinogenesis present themselves as a major research focus. The high priority of this issue is now recognized politically in a number of countries, research funds have been made available. Also experimental research on toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and on modes of toxic action is moving very rapidly. The matter is of high regulatory concern, and effective preventive measures are required in a number of countries.

Taijiquan Health Promotion Research Focus in Recent 15 Years Based on PubMed / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To analyze the development trend of Taijiquan research papers in PubMed database in the past 15 years, and provide reference for the direction of scientific research. Methods Bicomb 2.0 and SPSS 20.0 software were used to systematically cluster and multidimensional scale analysis of keywords in PubMed database from 2002 to 2016, and generate knowledge maps and interpret them.Results Taijiquan exercise health promotion research hot spots in recent 15 years were breast neoplasms, depression, stress psychological, knee osteoarthritis, cognition, cognition disorders, muscle/skeletal, muscle strength, physical fitness, aging, gait, postural balance, accidental falls, exercise therapy and Parkinson disease.Conclusion Taijiquan exercise has been used as a kind of "sports therapy" to treat some chronic diseases, or to carry out physical and psychological rehabilitation training for the patients; at the same time, the function of "treating the disease" is paid more attention.

Taijiquan Health Promotion Research Focus in Recent 15 Years Based on PubMed / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To analyze the development trend of Taijiquan research papers in PubMed database in the past 15 years, and provide reference for the direction of scientific research. Methods Bicomb 2.0 and SPSS 20.0 software were used to systematically cluster and multidimensional scale analysis of keywords in PubMed database from 2002 to 2016, and generate knowledge maps and interpret them.Results Taijiquan exercise health promotion research hot spots in recent 15 years were breast neoplasms, depression, stress psychological, knee osteoarthritis, cognition, cognition disorders, muscle/skeletal, muscle strength, physical fitness, aging, gait, postural balance, accidental falls, exercise therapy and Parkinson disease.Conclusion Taijiquan exercise has been used as a kind of "sports therapy" to treat some chronic diseases, or to carry out physical and psychological rehabilitation training for the patients; at the same time, the function of "treating the disease" is paid more attention.