RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Zwolle Risk Score (ZRS) identifies primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) patients at low mortality risk, eligible for early discharge. Recently, this score was improved by adding baseline NT-proBNP. However, the optimal timepoint for NT-proBNP measurement is unknown. METHODS: PPCI patients in the On-Time 2 study were candidates. The ZRS and NT-proBNP levels on admission, at 18-24 h, at 72-96 h, and the change in NT-proBNP from baseline to 18-24 h (delta NT-proBNP) were determined. We investigated whether addition of the different NT-proBNP measurements to the ZRS improves the prediction of 30-day mortality. Based on cut-off values reflecting zero mortality at 30 d, patients who potentially could be discharged early were identified and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major bleeding until 10 d was registered. RESULTS: 845 patients were included. On multivariate analyses, NT-proBNP at baseline (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.59-2.74, p < 0.001), at 18-24 h (HR 6.83, 95% CI 2.94-15.84), and at 72-96 h (HR 3.32, 95% CI 1.22-9.06) independently predicted death at 30 d. Addition of NT-proBNP to the ZRS improved prediction of mortality, particularly at 18-24 h (net reclassification index 29%, p < 0.0001, integrated discrimination improvement 17%, p < 0.0001). Based on ZRS (<2) or NT-proBNP at 18-24 h (<2500 pg/ml) 75% of patients could be targeted for early discharge at 48 h, with expected re-admission rates of 1.2% due to MACE and/or major bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP at different timepoints improves prognostication of the ZRS. Particularly at 18-24 h post PPCI, the largest group of patients that potentially could be discharged early was identified.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The relationship of serial NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) measurements with changes in cardiac features and outcomes in heart failure (HF) remains incompletely understood. We determined whether common clinical covariates impact these relationships. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2 nationwide observational populations with HF, the relationship of serial NT-proBNP measurements with serial echocardiographic parameters and outcomes was analyzed, further stratified by HF with reduced versus preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, inpatient versus outpatient enrollment, age, obesity, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and attainment of ≥50% guideline-recommended doses of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and ß-blockers. Among 1911 patients (mean±SD age, 65.1±13.4 years; 26.6% women; 62% inpatient and 38% outpatient), NT-proBNP declined overall, with more rapid declines among inpatients, those with obesity, those with atrial fibrillation, and those attaining ≥50% guideline-recommended doses. Each doubling of NT-proBNP was associated with increases in left ventricular volume (by 6.1 mL), E/e' (transmitral to mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio) (by 1.4 points), left atrial volume (by 3.6 mL), and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (by -2.1%). The effect sizes of these associations were lower among patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, or advanced age (Pinteraction<0.001). A landmark analysis identified that an SD increase in NT-proBNP over 6 months was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of the composite event of HF hospitalization or all-cause death between 6 months and 2 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.15-1.40]; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The relationships between NT-proBNP and structural/functional remodeling differed by age, presence of atrial fibrillation, and HF phenotypes. The association of increased NT-proBNP with increased risk of adverse outcomes was consistent in all subgroups.