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Self-efficacy and self-monitoring are crucial for achieving an athlete's motivation and performance, which is the most important factor for the team's success. This feature deserves the attention of researchers, and the current work explores the effect of self-efficacy and self-monitoring on the performance of athletes in Indonesian training institutes. The study also investigates the mediating effect of self-monitoring between self-efficacy, self-monitoring, and athlete performance in Indonesian athletic training institutes. The study also utilized the primary data collected via survey questionnaires from the athletes. The study also employed smart PLS to examine the relationship between the understudy constructs. Self-efficacy and self-monitoring were found to have a good relationship with athletes' performance in Indonesian training institutes. The results also demonstrated that athlete motivation strongly influences the relationship between self-efficacy, self-monitoring, and athlete performance in Indonesian athletic training institutes. This research focuses on using self-efficacy and self-monitoring to enhance an athlete's performance, which guides policymakers.(AU)

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The present study aimed to adapt and validate the Beliefs About Losing Control Inventory (BALCI) in the non-clinical Turkish emerging adults sample. The study group consisted of 549 participants from three study phases and aged between 18 and 28 years and mainly women. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the BALCI Turkish Version (BALCI-TV) confirmed 21 items in three factors. The network analysis findings showed that the items including the factors were together. The results indicated that configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across the gender. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω of the total BALCI-TV were .90. Test-retest correlation result was .89. All results indicated that the BALCI-TV had good psychometric properties. The BALCI-TV can be provided to measure control and beliefs related to control within obsessive-compulsive disorder for Turkish academics and mental health practitioners.

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Objective of the study Interpersonal relationships, as an important variable afecting the physical and mental health and future development of individuals, were used to construct a structural equation model between physical activity and interpersonal relationships in order to help college students better adapt to society and achieve a high level of mental health. Methods SPSS 27.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data, and Amos 28.0 software was used to construct the model between variables. The results showed that physical activity directly predicted the interpersonal relationship status of college students (ß= −0.108, 95% CI [−0.210,−0.005]), and the chain mediating efect of physical activity→self-control→mobile phone addiction tendency→interpersonal relationship distress was signifcant (ß= −0.012, 95% CI [−0.033,−0.003]). The results of this study suggest that physical activity may be viewed as an efective intervention strategy to mitigate the interpersonal challenges that college students may face in the future.

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Introduction: The aim of this research is to analyze the relationships between anxiety and the psychological variables of sports performance, with the history of injuries in high-performance sportsmen.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional and correlational study was designed selecting 63 sportsmen through a stratified random sampling (n= 21 softball, soccer and baseball respectively). To obtain the information and measure the variables, the Questionnaire on Sports Aspects and Injuries, the State -Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State in Competition Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were used. The analysis was carried out using the percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Kolmogorov - Smirnov, HSD Tukey de Anova and the Pearson correlation coefficient (p≤0.05).ResultsSoftball sportsmen present greater anxiety in competitions (baseball .000; soccer .003) and soccer players have suffered more serious injuries (baseball .008; softball .027). The psychological variables of sports performance that established a relationship with injuries showed an inverse and significant direction such as self-confidence (number of injuries .020), attention control (number .034 and severity .009), negative coping control (number .008 and severity .008) and positive coping control (number .005 and severity .012).ConclusionsA low self-confidence and limited skills to control attention and emotions, make up the vulnerability of the sportsmen studied, which means that a psychological preparation focused on these psychological processes will contribute to the prevention of injuries. (AU)

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RESUMEN Antecedentes: la inteligencia emocional (IE) es la capacidad de reconocer nuestros propios sentimientos y los de los demás, de motivarnos y de manejar adecuadamente las relaciones interpersonales. La IE se ha relacionado con muchas competencias no técnicas necesarias entre los médicos en formación. Objetivo: describir las características psicométricas de la IE en médicos residentes de Cirugía General de la Argentina y analizar los efectos que ejercen sobre ella la edad, el sexo, el ámbito de desempeño y el año de residencia. Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo, analítico de corte transversal; se utilizó la encuesta anónima y autogestionada Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF v1.5) respondida en línea durante el mes de marzo de 2020. Se aplicó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para variables cuantitativas, pruebas T y la prueba ANOVA (IC 95%, p estadística α 0,05). Resultados: fueron respondidas 156 encuestas, de las cuales 105 (67,3%) corresponden a mujeres y 51 (32,7%) a hombres. Edad promedio: 29,02 ± 3,69 años. El promedio global de la prueba fue de 4,58 ± 0,89. El análisis ANOVA demostró que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de la dimensión bienestar entre los diferentes años de residencia (p = 0,002) así como en puntajes globales de IE (p = 0,0001). Conclusión: la IE es un modelo atractivo y eficaz para definir y capacitar a los futuros cirujanos generales en competencias no técnicas. Estos hallazgos son importantes para generar nuevas propuestas de formación.

ABSTRACT Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize our own feelings and those of others, to motivate us and properly manage relationships. EI encompasses many non-technical skills that are important for physicians in training. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric characteristics of EI among residents in general surgery in Argentina and to analyze the effects of age, sex, scope of practice and postgraduate year level on it. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analytic study using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF v1.5), a self-report and anonymous survey that was answered on-line during March 2020. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for quantitative variables, Student's t-test and ANOVA (95% CI, p statistic α 0.05). Results: The survey was responded by 156 physicians; 105 (67.3%) were women and 51 (32.7%) were men (mean age: 29.02 ± 3.69 years). Mean global score was 4.58 ± 0.89. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in the well-being dimension and global scores of EI across the different postgraduate year levels (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: EI is an attractive and effective model for defining and training future general surgeons in non-technical skills. These findings are important for generating new proposals for training.

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This study aimed to contribute to the adaptation of the Self-Monitoring Scale for a Portuguese sample and the examination of the possibility of reducing the scale's length. Considering the psychometric inconsistency of the scale reported in the literature, several analysis criteria to identify the number of factors to be retained were considered. The study included 791 Portuguese men and women aged 17 to 61 years. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity, Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency, and fit indices (based on IRT). The results indicate a two-dimensional structure with a reduction to 9 items, which shows good values for validity and fit. This study proposes a reduced version of the self-monitoring scale for a Portuguese sample, considering that the use of this method is valuable to identify how individuals differ in the way they present themselves in social situations. (AU)

Este estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a adaptação da Self-Monitoring Scale numa amostra Portuguesa e análise da possibilidade de reduzir o tamanho da escala. Além disso, e considerando a inconsistência psicométrica da escala relatada na literatura, foram considerados vários critérios de análise para identificar o número de fatores a reter. O estudo abrangeu 791 homens e mulheres Portugueses com idades entre os 17 e os 61 anos. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva, validade de construto (Análise Fatorial Confirmatória), consistência interna e índice de ajustamento (TRI). Os resultados apontam para uma estrutura bidimensional com uma redução para 9 itens, mostrando bons valores de validade e ajustamento. Este estudo propõe uma versão reduzida da escala de self-monitoramento para uma amostra Portuguesa, considerando que a utilização deste método é uma mais-valia para identificar como os indivíduos diferem na forma como se apresentam em situações sociais. (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo contribuir a la adaptación de la Self-Monitoring Scale en una muestra portuguesa y analizar la posibilidad de reducir el tamaño de la escala. Además, teniendo en cuenta la inconsistencia psicométrica de la escala reportada en la literatura, se consideraron varios criterios de análisis para identificar el número de factores a retener. El estudio incluyó a 791 hombres y mujeres portugueses de entre 17 y 61 años. El análisis de los datos incluyó estadística descriptiva, validez del constructo (Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio), consistencia interna e índice de ajuste (TRI). Los resultados apuntan a una estructura bidimensional con una reducción a 9 ítems, mostrando buenos índices de validez y ajuste. Este estudio propone una versión reducida de la escala de automonitoramento para una muestra portuguesa, mientras que el uso de este método es particularmente valioso para identificar cómo los individuos se diferencian en la forma en que se presentan en situaciones sociales. (AU)

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The quality of learning in Higher Education is particularly dependent on students' skills in regulating their cognition. This regulation requires cognitive and metacognitive skills as well as motivational dimensions. Due to its relevance in explaining students' academic achievement and developing lifelong learning skills, it´s important to increase research in the area. This study aims to adapt and validate a short version of the Regulation of Cognition of Metacognitive Awareness Inventory to first-year Portuguese university students. A sample of 360 students was considered and was identified a three-dimensional structure (Planning, 4 items; Strategies, 7 items; and Monitoring and evaluation, 7 items) with a second-order factor (Regulation of Cognition). The internal consistency values of the reduced scale are within the acceptable parameters for a self-report scale and the correlations with academic achievement at the end of the first year of the university guarantee the predictive validity of the scale. This short version of regulation of cognition measure allows its use in research with other instruments in larger studies and can function as a diagnostic / screening tool to help students in higher education learning challenges

La calidad del aprendizaje en la Educación Superior depende, especialmente, de las habilidades de los estudiantes para regular su cognición. Esta regulación requiere habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas, así como dimensiones motivacionales. Dada su relevancia en el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo de habilidades para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, es importante aumentar la investigación en el campo. Este estudio pretende adaptar y validar una versión abreviada de la dimensión Regulación de la Cognición del Metacognitive Awareness Inventory para estudiantes universitarios portugueses de primer año. Se empleó una muestra de 360 estudiantes y se identificó una estructura tridimensional (Planificación, 4 ítems; Estrategias, 7 ítems; y Monitoreo y evaluación, 7 ítems) con un factor de segundo orden (Regulación de la cognición). Los valores de consistencia interna de la escala reducida son aceptables para una escala de auto-informe y las correlaciones con el logro académico al final del primer año de la universidad garantizan su validez predictiva. Esta versión abreviada para medir la regulación de la cognición puede usarse en investigación junto con otros instrumentos en estudios más amplios y puede funcionar como una herramienta de diagnóstico para ayudar a los estudiantes en los desafíos del aprendizaje en la enseñanza superior

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Self-report measures of generalized patterns of rule-following are being developed in the last years including the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ) and the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire (GTQ). Specifically, the GTQ is a 11-item self-report developed for adults that has shown excellent psychometric properties, a one-factor structure, and criterion validity in view of its positive correlations with executive functions tests. This study aims to develop the children's version of the GTQ (i.e., Generalized Tracking Questionnaire-Children, GTQ-C). In so doing, we adapted the vocabulary of some of the GTQ items and added an additional item (i.e., the GTQ-C consisted of 12 items). Afterward, the GTQ for children (i.e., GTQ-C) was administered to a sample of 730 Colombian children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years. A cross-validation study was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the questionnaire. The analysis showed that a one-factor structure showed a good fit to the data. All items of the GTQ-C showed good discrimination indexes and the whole questionnaire showed adequate internal consistency. The GTQ-C showed measurement invariance across gender and age group. In conclusion, the GTQ-C seems to be a valid and reliable measure of generalized tracking for children that might be used to analyze the developmental trajectories of tracking and its relationship with other relevant behavioral processes

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BACKGROUND: Increasingly, postsecondary students enroll in distance learning courses and complete homework online, which extends their learning opportunities regardless of where they are. Online homework requires self-control from students to cope with conventional and tech-related distractors, however research on this topic is scarce. There is a need to develop an instrument to assess online homework distractions in higher education. METHOD: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Online Homework Distraction Scale (OHDS) based on 612 undergraduates in China. After randomly dividing the sample into two groups, we carried out a principal component analysis (PCA) with one group and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with another group. RESULTS: Both PCA and CFA findings indicated that tech-related distraction and conventional distraction were empirically indistinguishable for college students. Given acceptable measurement invariance, the latent factor mean was examined over gender for all participants and found that men were more distracted while doing online homework. Concerning validity evidence, in line with theoretical predictions, the OHDS was negatively related to online homework expectancy, value, effort, and time management. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides strong evidence that the OHDS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring online homework distraction

ANTECEDENTES: el aprendizaje online requiere del autocontrol para hacer frente a los distractores convencionales y los relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías. En la Educación Superior, existe la necesidad de desarrollar un instrumento para evaluar los distractores a la hora de realizar las tareas para casa en modo online. MÉTODO: el estudio examinó las propiedades psicométricas de la Online Homework Distraction Scale (OHDS). Participaron 612 estudiantes universitarios de China. La muestra fue dividida aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Se realizó Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) con un grupo y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) con el otro grupo. RESULTADOS: los resultados del ACP y del AFC indicaron que la distracción relacionada con la tecnología y la distracción convencional eran empíricamente indistinguibles. Constatada una invariancia de medida aceptable, se examinó la media del factor latente sobre el género para todos los participantes. Los hombres se distraen más que las mujeres mientras realizan las tareas online. Con respecto a la evidencia de validez, el OHDS se relacionó negativamente con la expectativa, el valor, el esfuerzo y la gestión del tiempo. CONCLUSIONES: hay evidencia sólida de que el OHDS es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir el nivel de distracción en tareas online

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Abundant evidence in social psychology attests that self-control shapes human behavior. However, there is still room for further explorations of the interplay between the self-control system and consumer behavior, especially regarding impulse buying behavior. This research aims to shed light on the importance of impulse buying study, like any other spheres of human life, as an outcome of self-control process. This paper considers different types of self-control failure resulting from conflicting standards, the degree to which people monitor their behavior, and the depletion of self-regulatory resources. This is followed by explaining the current self-control approaches in impulse buying studies. In addition, integrating different self-control models, the present paper provides a general framework of self-control process with a focus on impulse buying. The framework integrates the components of impulses, conflict, resistance, and self-control outcome that should be considered jointly when analyzing self-control phenomena

Existe abundante evidencia en la psicología social que atestigua el autocontrol como moldeador del comportamiento humano. Sin embargo, todavía hay margen para llevar a cabo más exploraciones sobre la interacción entre el sistema de autocontrol y el comportamiento del consumidor, en concreto sobre la compra por impulso. Esta investigación busca arrojar luz sobre la importancia del estudio de la compra por impulso que, como en cualquier otro ámbito de la vida humana, se ve como resultado del proceso de autocontrol. Este artículo considera diferentes tipos de fracaso de autocontrol que resultan de normas contradictorias, del punto hasta el que las personas monitorizan su comportamiento y del agotamiento de recursos autorregulatorios. A esto le sigue una explicación de los actuales enfoques sobre el estudio del autocontrol en estudios que versan sobre la compra por impulso. De manera adicional, a través de la integración de diferentes modelos de auto control, el presente artículo ofrece un marco general del proceso de autocontrol con especial énfasis en la compra por impulso. Este marco integra componentes de impulsos, el conflicto, la resistencia y el resultado del autocontrol, los cuales deberían ser tenidos en cuenta de manera conjunta al analizar fenómenos de autocontrol

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La formación de profesionales sanitarios conlleva unos objetivos de aprendizaje concretos que deben traducirse en unos resultados de aprendizaje observables y evaluables y, por lo tanto, que el conocimiento se alcance con un alto grado de pericia. Con el fin de mejorar el aprendizaje de habilidades clínicas se han desarrollado instrumentos para evaluar el aprendizaje autorregulado, un proceso activo en el que la persona selecciona las metas académicas que desea alcanzar y regula una serie de variables que intervienen en el aprendizaje con el objetivo de alcanzarlas. Un ejemplo de ello es la evaluación microanalítica del aprendizaje autorregulado, una entrevista estructurada que intenta captar los pensamientos, sentimientos y acciones dedicados a la ejecución de tareas específicas. La investigación actual en este campo ha demostrado que los estudiantes de alto rendimiento tienden en general a mostrar un pensamiento más estratégico y una mejor regulación al realizar las actividades o tareas. Se pretende establecer el microanálisis como estrategia para identificar el aprendizaje de los alumnos y como meta para poder generalizarse en la educación en ciencias de la salud

The training of healthcare professionals obeys to specific learning objectives that must result in observable and assessable learning achievements, and in mastered knowledge acquisition. In order to improve the learning process of clinical skills, several methods have been developed with the aim of assessing self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning is an active process where individuals select the academic goals they wish to achieve and, for that purpose, they regulate a set of factors that influence their learning. Self-Regulated Learning Microanalytic Assessment and Training may be taken as an example. This method consists of a structured interview that tries to capture the thoughts, feelings and actions devoted to the execution of specific tasks. Current investigations in this field have shown that high-achievers tend to think more strategically and regulate themselves better when performing activities or tasks. Finally, the microanalysis may be implemented as the strategy used to identify how students learn, and to generalize in healthcare education

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En este estudio analizamos la relación del estilo de apego adulto con las propiedades estructurales de las redes personales y el capital social de 67 directivos de la provincia de Quebec (Canadá). A través del análisis de conglomeramos detectamos dos perfiles relacionales diferenciados. El apego seguro se asocia con redes densas de lazos fuertes, comparativamente pequeñas. El estilo de evitación se relaciona en cambio con redes más amplias y centralizadas, con más lazos débiles. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la satisfacción con la carrera profesional en función del estilo de apego. Sin embargo, la satisfacción con la carrera mostró una relación significativa con la centralización de la red personal

In this study, we analyze the relationship of adult attachment style with the structural properties of personal networks and the social capital of 67 managers in the province of Quebec (Canada). Through cluster analysis, two differentiated relational profiles were detected. Secure attachment is associated with dense and comparatively small networks of strong ties. The avoidance dimension is related instead to larger and more centralized networks, with weaker ties. There were no significant differences in satisfaction with the professional career depending on the attachment style. However, satisfaction with the career showed a significant relationship with the centralization of the personal network

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FUNDAMENTOS: Debido al creciente número de casos de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria en la ciudad de Granada (España) se ha llevado un diagnóstico de necesidades en dos organizaciones sociales que abordan estos trastornos: ADANER Granada y Unidad Elca, con la finalidad de mejorar su funcionamiento. El objetivo fue diagnosticar necesidades que impidan el funcionamiento óptimo de todos los elementos que componen el contexto a través de la línea teórica "Autorregulación". MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo/cuantitativo de carácter transversal, complementándolo con instrumentos cualitativos. Se realizaron dos cuestionarios de escala Likert sobre autorregulación a una muestra de 50 sujetos (25 pacientes del centro y 25 familiares). También se utilizó una guía de autoevaluación que se aplicó a 14 sujetos (11 profesionales del centro y 3 pacientes) pertenecientes a la Asociación ADANER Granada y a la Unidad Elca. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron una serie de necesidades como ampliar el tiempo del tratamiento, el alto nivel de exigencia en relación a la aparición del trastorno en las pacientes y familiares, la falta de motivación de familiares y pacientes como agravamiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad. El trabajo multidisciplinar se posiciona como la fortaleza más destacable. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos aportan información sobre las principales carencias y necesidades que tienen los principales implicados el proceso de tratamiento y mejora de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (pacientes, familiares y profesionales). Se observó que una mejora en los procesos de autorregulación de las pacientes y los familiares mejoraría de manera significativa el tratamiento, por lo que se precisa elaborar proyectos orientados a la mejora de la autorregulación de estos colectivos. Así mismo se identifican factores asociados a recursos y temporalización que supondrían una mejora sustancial de los tratamientos por parte de los profesionales

BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing number of cases of Eating Disorders in the city of Granada (Spain) a diagnosis of needs has been carried out in two social organizations that address these disorders: ADANER Granada and Elca Unit, in order to improve its functioning. The objective was to diagnosis needs that prevent the optimal functioning of all the elements that make up the context through the theoretical line "Self-regulation". METHODS: Across-sectional descriptive/quantitative study, complemented by qualitative instruments. Two Likert-scale questionnaires on self-regulation were administered to a sample of 50 subjects (25 patients from the center and 25 relatives). Also aself-assessment guide that was applied to 14 subjects (11 professionals from the center and 3 patients), all of them belonging to the ADANER Granada Association and the Elca Unit. RESULTS: Aseries of needs have been detected in relation to the need to extend the time of treatment, the high level of demand in relation to the appearance of the disorder in patients and relatives, the lack of motivation of family members and patients as aggravation of the complications of the disease. The multidisciplinary work is positioned as the most remarkable strength. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained provide information on the main deficiencies and needs of the main people involved in the process of treatment and improvement of Eating Disorders (patients, relatives and professionals). It is observed that an improvement in the processes of self-regulation of patients and family members would significantly improve treatment, so it is necessary to develop projects aimed at improving the self-regulation of these groups. It also identifies factors associated with resources and timing that would mean a substantial improvement in treatments by professionals

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This study explores the relationships of self-control with age and psychological maladjustment in adolescents and young adults. The sample consisted of 1,600 randomly selected Spanish adolescents and young adults, aged 12-34 years (M = 22.28, SD = 6.94). Measures of self-control, Internet addiction, and anxiety-depressive symptoms were administered. Control variables included age and sex. Results indicated that adolescents between 15 and 19 years old showed the lowest self-control scores, while older participants showed greater scores. Low scores in self-control were significantly associated with greater substance consumption, more anxiety-depression symptoms, and higher scores on the Internet addiction scale. Also, participants with high scores on the addiction scale scored lower on self-control. These results evidence associations between self-control and some emotional-behavioral problems, and suggest the importance of promoting self-control to prevent Internet addiction, substance consumption, and anxiety-depression in adolescents and young adults

Este estudio explora las tendencias evolutivas en el autocontrol y su relación con el desajuste psicológico en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1,600 adolescentes y jóvenes adultos españoles de entre 12 y 34 años (M = 22.28, DT = 6.94) seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se administraron medidas de autocontrol, adicción a internet y síntomas de ansiedad-depresión. El sexo y la edad fueron utilizados como variables de control. Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 19 años mostraron las puntuaciones más bajas en autocontrol, mientras que los participantes de más edad puntuaron más alto. Puntuaciones bajas en autocontrol estuvieron significativamente asociadas con mayor consumo de sustancias, más síntomas de ansiedad-depresión y puntuaciones más elevadas en la escala de adicción a internet. Además, los participantes con puntuaciones más altas en la escala de adicción puntuaron más bajo en autocontrol. Estos resultados evidencian las relaciones entre el autocontrol y algunos problemas emocionales y conductuales y sugieren la importancia de promover el autocontrol para prevenir la adicción a internet, el consumo de sustancias y los problemas de ansiedad-depresión en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos

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Visando avaliar a relação entre histórico de violência doméstica e autocontrole, 53 homens e 82 mulheres realizaram escolhas em contextos hipotéticos de violência doméstica e de perda de dinheiro, em um programa de computador. No contexto de violência, escolheram entre prisão, para os homens, imediata por um ou seis meses, e prisão após um ano ou com 50% de chance. Com dinheiro, escolheram entre perder R$100,00 imediatamente e perdas com 50% de chance ou após um ano. O tempo de prisão e a perda de dinheiro atrasados/prováveis eram aumentados para avaliar equivalência com as prisões e perdas imediatas. Mulheres e homens sem histórico indicaram menores tempos de prisão atrasados que os homens com histórico. Com dinheiro, os homens com histórico preferiram perdas atrasadas maiores que as mulheres, mas o contrário com probabilidade. Esses dados são compatíveis com maior evitação de consequências imediatas aversivas pelos homens com histórico, um indicativo de maior nível de impulsividade. AU

To assess the relationship between historic of domestic violence and self-control, 53 men and 82 women made choices in hypothetical contexts of domestic violence and money loss using a computer program. In the context of violence, they chose between immediate detention for men for one or six months and detention after one year or with a 50% chance. With money they chose between losing $100 immediately and losses with a 50% chance or after one year. Delayed/probable detention duration and loss of money were increased to assess equivalence with immediate detentions and losses. Women and men without historic violence indicated shorter delayed detention durations than men with historic violence. With money, men with historic violence preferred higher losses than the women, however, presented the opposite regarding probability. These data are compatible with greater avoidance of immediate aversive consequences by men with a history of violence, indicative of a higher level of impulsivity. AU

Con el intuito de evaluar la relación entre el historial de violencia doméstica y el autocontrol, 53 hombres y 82 mujeres tomaron decisiones en contextos hipotéticos de violencia doméstica y pérdida de dinero en un programa de ordenador. En el contexto de violencia para hombres, eligieron entre prisión inmediata por uno o seis meses y prisión pasado un año o 50% de probabilidad. Con dinero, eligieron entre perder R$100,00 de inmediato y pérdidas con una probabilidad del 50% o después de un año. El tiempo de prisión y la pérdida de dinero retrasado/probable se incrementaron para evaluar la equivalencia con las prisiones y las pérdidas inmediatas. Las mujeres y los hombres sin antecedentes indicaron tiempos de prisión más cortos que los hombres con antecedentes. Con el dinero, los hombres con antecedentes prefirieron mayores pérdidas que las mujeres, sin embargo, con la probabilidad justo lo contrario. Estos datos son compatibles con una mayor evitación de consecuencias aversivas inmediatas por parte de hombres con antecedentes de violencia, lo que indica un mayor nivel de impulsividad. AU

RESUMEN

La clase socioeconómica es una variable relevante en el proceso de jerarquización social. Se ha encontrado que la clase social subjetiva (CSS) se relaciona positivamente con la autoeficacia de las personas. En la presente investigación, de tipo mixto y realizada con 380 participantes, se intentó replicar estos resultados operación alizando la CSS de dos formas: a) a través de una manipulación experimental -pidiéndole aleatoriamente a los participantes que se compararan con quienes quedaron abajo o arriba de ellos en una escala de jerarquía social- y b) a través de la medición de la CSS como diferencia individual. Los resultados no mostraron efectos de la manipulación experimental, pero si evidenciaron que la CSS, medida como diferencia individual, se relaciona positivamente con la autoeficacia general. Asimismo, y a nivel cualitativo, se analizaron las descripciones que los participantes hicieron sobre las características de las personas de clase alta y baja, encontrando que en ambos casos prevalecen características de tipo situacional (frente a características disposicionales), pero con una mayor valencia positiva en los de clase alta. Se concluye que la CSS es un factor importante en la autoeficacia y modera los efectos de la comparación social

Socioeconomic class is a relevant variable with regard to the process of social hierarchization; specifically, subjective social class (SSC) has been found to correlate positively with the self-efficacy of persons. In the present study, with mixed methodology and a population size of 280 participants, we attempted to replicate these results by operationalizing SSC in the two following manners: (a) through experimental manipulation --randomly requesting that participants compare themselves with those who are above or below them in a social hierarchy scale-- and (b) through measuring SSC as individual difference. The results show no effects due to experimental manipulation, but do support that SSC, measured as individual difference, positively correlates with general self-efficacy. Regarding qualitative analysis, when the participant's descriptions of common characteristics in members of the upper and lower class were studied, we found that situational characteristics predominated (over dispositional characteristics), but with greater positive valence when describing the upper class. We conclude that SSC is an important factor in self-efficacy and that it moderates effects of social comparison

RESUMEN

Se ha destacado que uno de los aspectos más relevantes para el desempeño académico (DA) de los niños es el AC (autocontrol), definido como la capacidad para modular la cognición, la emoción y el comportamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las relaciones entre el AC en el dominio escolar e interpersonal informado por el/la niño/a, sus familiares y docentes; las calificaciones escolares en matemática y prácticas del lenguaje y el desempeño en tareas estandarizadas de comprensión lectora y cálculo aritmético, en 69 niños/as de entre 8 y 12 años de edad. Sólo se encontraron asociaciones entre el AC escolar reportado por el/la docente y el desempeño en la prueba estandarizada de cálculo aritmético. El AC se asoció a las calificaciones académicas en prácticas del lenguaje sólo en 5° grado. Se discuten posibles explicaciones de los resultados y direcciones futuras

It has been highlighted that one of the most relevant aspects related to children's performance in school is self-control, defined as the ability to modulate cognition, emotion and behavior. In this article we analyzed the relationships between self-control in the interpersonal and schoolwork domain reported by the child, their parents and teachers and academic achievement in terms of report card grades in mathematics and language and performance in standardized tasks of reading comprehension and arithmetic calculation, in 69 children between 8 and 12 years of age. We found associations between the self-control in schoolwork domain reported by the teacher and performance in the standardized arithmetic calculation task. Self-control was associated with report card grades in language learning. Possible explanations for this pattern of results and future directions are discussed

RESUMEN

Se presenta el caso de una chica de 14 años diagnosticada de lupus eritematoso sistémico recientemente. Se describe la intervención a nivel individual y familiar en el acompañamiento durante el duelo producido por el diagnóstico, ilustrando con fragmentos de sesiones las diferentes fases de duelo por las que atraviesan ella y su familia. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de validar las emociones y dejar espacio a la expresión de las mismas, especialmente las negativas. Aunque el caso ilustra un caso de lupus eritematoso sistémico, lo descrito se puede generalizar para cualquier enfermedad crónica diagnosticada en la infancia o adolescencia

We present a 14-year-old girl recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Individual and family intervention supporting grief are described. Patient and family go through different phases of grief, illustrated by different pieces from the sessions. This highlights the importance of emotional validation and emotional expression, specially negative emotions. Although this case is about systemic lupus erythematosus, the process itself could be generalized to any chronic disease diagnosed during childhood or adolescence

RESUMEN

A Escala Breve de Autocontrole (BSCS) foi desenvolvida para avaliar diferentes níveis de autocontrole, uma capacidade individual de ativamente alterar os próprios desejos, comportamentos, emoções e pensamentos. Apesar da estabilidade do modelo unidimensional no estudo original, sua replicabilidade estrutural não foi corroborada pela literatura posterior. O presente estudo teve por objetivo oferecer informações sobre validade de construto em amostra brasileira, incluindo avaliação de modelos bidimensionais alternativos. A amostra foi composta por 405 indivíduos (61,2% mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 46 anos (M = 22,32 DP = 4,782). Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias (AFE) e confirmatórias (AFC), e a adequação do modelo foi avaliada por meio de índices de ajuste. Apenas um modelo emergiu satisfatoriamente. Os resultados são discutidos com base na literatura vigente e na relação da escala com outros instrumentos que fazem uso de diversas medidas do construto de autocontrole (Adiamento de Gratificação e Impulsividade). (AU)

The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) was developed to measure the individual self-control spectrum, as a cognitive skill to actively alter one's own desires, behavior, emotions and thoughts. In the original validation, the BSCS displayed adequate psychometric properties for its unidimensional structure. However, this structure was difficult to replicate in subsequent studies. This study aimed to adapt and to assess evidence of validity of the measure for a Brazilian sample. The sample was composed of 405 individuals (61.2% women) with ages ranging from 18 to 46 years (M = 22.32 SD = 4.782). Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis were conducted, and the adequacy of the model was assessed by means of model fit indexes. Only one model was found to be appropriate. The results are discussed based on recent scientific data and the relations between the scale and other instruments that evaluate diverse self-control measures (Delaying Gratification and Impulsivity). (AU)

La Escala Breve de Autocontrol (BSCS) fue desarrollada para evaluar diferentes niveles de autocontrol, una capacidad individual alterar activamente la propia voluntad, comportamientos, emociones y pensamientos. En su estudio de validación, el instrumento presentó buenas propiedades psicométricas en su modelo unidimensional. No obstante, tal estructura no fue encontrada en investigaciones posteriores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo proporcionar información sobre la validez de constructo en una muestra brasileña, incluyendo la evaluación de modelos bidimensionales alternativos. Participaron de la muestra 405 individuos (61,2% mujeres) con edades entre 18 y 46 años (M = 22,32 DS = 4,782). Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y confirmatorios (AFC). Se evaluó la adecuación del modelo por medio de índices de ajuste. Solo un modelo obtuvo resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados se discuten con base en la literatura vigente y en la relación de la escala con otros instrumentos que hacen uso de diversas medidas del constructo de autocontrol (Aplazamiento de la Gratificación e Impulsividad). (AU)

RESUMEN

This study aimed to correlate, compare and identify the family, personal and demographic variables that may predict behavioral problems in adolescents. A total of 300 adolescents participated, 230 with behavioral problems (177 girls and 53 boys; M= 14.00 years; SD=1.24) and 70 without (47 girls and 23 boys; M=14.09 years; SD=1.33). Data was collected through questionnaires and inventories completed by adolescents and analyzed using Pearson's correlation, Student's t-tests and multiple binary logistic regression. Results showed low self-control as a risk factor and social skills and low frequency of physical abuse and maternal neglect as protection factors. The model evaluated had a reasonable predictive power (79.9%, specificity 93.9% and sensitivity 34.3%). The findings contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems in adolescents. (AU)

O estudo teve por objetivo correlacionar, comparar e identificar as variáveis familiares, pessoais e demográficas que podem ser preditivas para problemas de comportamento de adolescentes. Participaram 300 adolescentes, sendo 70 sem problemas de comportamentos (47 meninas e 23 meninos; M = 14,09 anos e DP = 1,33) e 230 com problemas de comportamento (177 meninas e 53 meninos; M = 14,00 anos; DP = 1,24). Os dados foram coletados via questionários e inventários aplicados com os adolescentes e foram analisados via correlação de Pearson, teste t de Student, regressão logística múltipla binária. Os resultados apontaram que baixo autocontrole foi fator de risco e desenvoltura social, baixa frequência de abuso físico e negligência materna foram fatores de proteção. O modelo avaliado apresentou razoável poder preditivo (79,9%, sendo a especificidade foi de 93,9% e a sensibilidade de 34,3%). Os achados contribuem para a prevenção de problemas de comportamento em adolescentes. (AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo correlacionar, comparar e identificar las variables familiares, personales y demográficas que pueden ser predictores de problemas de comportamiento en adolescentes. Participaron 300 adolescentes, 70 sin problemas de comportamiento (47 niñas y 23 niños; M=14,09 años; D.P= 1,33) y 230 con problemas de comportamiento (177 niñas y 53 niños; M= 14,00 años; D.P=1,24). Los datos fueron recogidos a través de cuestionarios e inventarios aplicados a los adolescentes, y se analizaron utilizando correlación de Pearson, Test t de Student, y regresión logística múltiple binaria. Los resultados indicaron que el bajo autocontrol fue un factor de riesgo, mientras que el desarrollo social, la baja frecuencia de abuso físico y negligencia materna fueron factores de protección. El modelo evaluado presentó un poder predictor razonable (79,9%, siendo la especificidad de 93,9% y la sensibilidad de 34,3). Los resultados contribuyen en la prevención de problemas de comportamiento en adolescentes. (AU)