Frequency And Risk Factors Of Microscopic Colitis As A Cause Of Chronic Watery Diarrhoea.

BACKGROUND: Microscopic colitis (MC) is one of the most underdiagnosed conditions leading to chronic watery diarrhoea in patients worldwide. This is the first study of this kind in Pakistan and we aimed to calculate the frequency as well as study the risk factors behind the disease. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A total of 58 participants with chronic watery diarrhoea who had normal colonoscopy were recruited for the study and biopsies were obtained for diagnosing MC. RESULTS: 2 participants out of 58 (3.4%) had biopsy proven microscopic colitis; one patient had a lymphocytic colitis variant and the other had a collagenous colitis variant. The average score based on the MC scoring system was 7.53 in the entire study group. The patient with lymphocytic colitis had a score of 06 while the patient with collagenous colitis had a score of 8. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of microscopic colitis was found to be 3.4% of all cases of chronic watery diarrhoea. A link between MC and autoimmune diseases was also observed. However, we had a limited sample size and encouraged future studies to employ a larger sample size to get a multifaceted look at the disease process.

Colitis microscópica: avances para una mejor identificación en los pacientes con diarrea crónica / Advances for improved diagnosis of microscopic colitis in patients with chronic diarrhoea

Colitis microscópica es un término genérico que incluye 2 formas principales, colitis colágena y colitis linfocítica, que describe una forma de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal con curso crónico y recidivante. La incidencia de colitis microscópica es entre 2 y 8 veces más alta en mujeres que en hombres; sin embargo, la edad contribuye más que el sexo en el riesgo de colitis colágena (OR 8,3 para edad ≥65 vs. <65años y OR 2,8 para sexo femenino). El síntoma principal es la diarrea crónica acuosa, no sanguinolenta. Otros síntomas frecuentes incluyen el dolor abdominal (50-70%), lo que hace que muchos pacientes con colitis microscópica cumplan criterios de síndrome de intestino irritable. Hoy en día se recomienda la realización de una colonoscopia, con toma de biopsias escalonadas en todos estos pacientes, ya que el diagnóstico es principalmente histológico. La mucosa colónica suele ser macroscópicamente normal, aunque se han descrito alteraciones endoscópicas mínimas

Microscopic colitis is a generic term that includes 2 main forms, collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, and describes a form of inflammatory bowel disease with a chronic and relapsing course. The incidence of microscopic colitis is between 2 and 8 times higher in women than in men, although age, more than sex, increases the risk of collagenous colitis (odds ratio [OR] 8.3 for age ≥65 vs. <65 and OR 2.8 for women). The main symptom is chronic non-bloody watery diarrhoea. Other common symptoms include abdominal pain (50%-70%), with the result that many patients with microscopic colitis meet criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. Colonoscopy with multiple colonic biopsies is currently recommended, as histological changes are the main characteristic feature. The colonic mucosa is macroscopically normal, although certain minimal endoscopic abnormalities have been described

Coexistencia de colitis linfocítica y enteritis microscópica en pacientes con diarrea crónica / Concurrent lymphocytic colitis and microscopic enteritis in patients with chronic diarrhea

Introducción: Colitis linfocítica y enteritis microscópica son causas relativamente comunes de diarrea crónica y ambas se caracterizan por un infiltrado linfocitico intraepitelial. No existen reportes previos de la coexistencia de ambas entidades. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas e histológicas de los pacientes que presentan este diagnóstico simultáneamente. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron pacientes adultos con diarrea crónica que tuvieran biopsia simultánea de colon y duodeno tomados el mismo día, durante los años 2010-2016, en el Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Se recopiló información clínica del archivo de historias. Las láminas fueron reevaluadas histológicamente por 3 patólogos. Se realizó estudio inmunohistoquímico de linfocitos intraepiteliales para CD8 y CD3 en 6 casos. Resultados: De 63 pacientes con diarrea crónica y biopsia simultánea de duodeno y colon, se identificó un total de 35 pacientes (55,5%) con diagnóstico simultáneo de enteritis microscópica y colitis linfocítica, 80% fueron mujeres. Se identificó anemia en 28,5% de los pacientes e infestación por Blastocystis hominis en el 31,8.%. En enteritis microscópica, el promedio de linfocitos intraepiteliales con CD8 y CD3 fue 40%, mientras que, en colitis linfocítica, el promedio fue de 37,2% para CD3 y 29,2% para CD8. En 11 de los 35 casos, se pudo obtener biopsias de íleon que fueron diagnosticadas como ileitis linfocítica. En 9 casos se diagnosticó colitis eosinofílica asociada a colitis linfocítica. Conclusión: Se encontró coexistencia de colitis linfocítica, enteritis microscópica y en algunos de ileitis linfocítica en un 55,5% pacientes con diarrea crónica con biopsia duodenal y colónica. Estos resultados abren la interrogante sobre si colitis linfocítica y enteritis microscópica son entidades diferentes o constituyen una sola patología que en algunos pacientes afecta varios segmentos del tubo digestivo.

Introduction: Lymphocytic colitis and microscopic enteritis are relatively common causes of chronic diarrhea and it is characterized by an intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate. There have been no previous reports of coexistence between these 2 pathologies. Objective: To describe histological and clinical characteristic in patients with coexistence of lymphocytic colitis and microscopic enteritis. Material and methods: All cases with simultaneous diagnosis of lymphocytic duodenosis and lymphocytic colitis were reevaluated during lapse time 2010-2016 in hospital Daniel Carrion. The slides were reviewed by 3 pathologists and clinical information was obtained from clinical records. Expression of CD3 and CD8 was detected in 6 cases by immunohistochemical assays. Results: A total of 35 patients with coexistence of lymphocytic duodenitis and lymphocytic colitis were selected of the pathology archives, 80% were females, Anemia was identified in 28.5% of patients. Blastocysitis hominis infestation was identified in 31.8%. The mean intraepithelial lymphocyte CD8 and CD3 positive was 40% in microscopic enteritis, while the mean intraepithelial lymphocyte CD3 positive was 37.2% and CD8 positive was 29.2% Additionally, lymphocytic ileitis was diagnosed in 11 of our cases. Eosinophilic colitis was diagnosed in 9 cases of lymphocytic colitis Conclusion: We found that lymphocytic colitis, microscopic enteritis and even lymphocytic ileitis can coexist in a group of patients with chronic diarrhea. These findings bring the question if this concurrence of both pathologies constituted a more generalized gastrointestinal disorder, involving both the large and the small intestines.

Etiología de la diarrea crónica en el adulto mayor del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati - Lima-Perú: estudio retrospectivo 2005-2011 / Etiology of chronic diarrhea in the elderly in Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati, Lima-Peru

INTRODUCCION: El impacto de la diarrea crónica en el adulto mayor es desproporcionado por diversos factores provocando mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. OBJETIVO: Describir las principales características acerca de la diarrea crónica en los pacientes ancianos del hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati (Lima-Perú) durante el periodo enero del 2005 a diciembre del 2011, METODO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en la cual se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes adultos mayores con el diagnostico de diarrea crónica, vertiéndose los datos en una ficha de recolección. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 202 pacientes. La edad media fue de 73,5±6,7 años, siendo la mayoría mujeres (57.43%). Las principales comorbilidades fueron las cardiovasculares (60,4%) y endocrinas (27,2%). El tiempo de enfermedad medio fue de 21.6 ± 13.6 semanas. Los exámenes más solicitados fueron hemograma, bioquímica (glucosa, urea y creatinina), albumina, coprofuncional, parasitologico y colonoscopia. El tipo de diarrea más frecuente fue organica (84,16%). Dentro de las principales causas se encontró a la colitis microscópica (35,15%), parasitosis (15,84%), síndrome de intestino irritable (14,85%) y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano (8,42%). CONCLUSIONES: Las causas más frecuentes de diarrea crónica en el anciano son colitis microscópica, parasitosis, síndrome de intestino irritable y sobrecrecimiento bacteriano.

INTRODUCTION: The impact of chronic diarrhea in the elderly is disproportionate by several factors causing increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main features about the chronic diarrhea in elderly patients from Edgardo Rebagliati Hospital (Lima-Peru) during the period January 2005 to December 2011, METHOD: A descriptive and retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of elderly patients with the diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, pouring in a data collection sheet. RESULTS: We reviewed the medical records of 202 patients. The mean age was 73.5 ± 6.7 years, with most women (57.43%). Major comorbidities were cardiovascular (60.4%) and endocrine (27.2%). The half time of illness was 21.6 ± 13.6 weeks. The most requested tests were CBC, biochemistry, albumin, coprofuncional, parasitological and colonoscopy. The most common type of diarrhea was the organic (84.16%). Among the main causes were found microscopic colitis (35.15%), parasites (15.84%), irritable bowel syndrome (14.85%) and bacterial overgrowth (8.42%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common causes of chronic diarrhea in the elderly are microscopic colitis, parasites, irritable bowel syndrome and bacterial overgrowth.