The ChemSM-Hub project in the light of a new paradigm for chemical safety management.

OBJECTIVES: The work is aimed to present and promote the Chemical Safety Management Training Hub for Chemicals Users (ChemSM-Hub) project implemented by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in cooperation with the Lodz University of Technology, Poland, and other partners from Germany (Oekopol GmbH), Greece (Prolipsis) and Romania (Romtens). The project is co-funded by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ program, whose aim is to support downstream users (DUs) and distributors (Ds) of chemicals in complying with the REACH and CLP Regulations by developing an innovative training program in chemical safety management (CSM), available via the online project platform, adapted to the real needs of the target groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methodology for implementing the ChemSM-Hub project includes: 1) conducting survey research among the target groups, 2) conducting a state-of-the-art review of literature and websites, 3) developing the Dissemination and Promotion Plan, 4) developing the Monitoring and Evaluation Procedure, 5) developing the CSM training curriculum, 6) designing the project e-learning platform and mobile app, 7) developing the "Training pattern for trainers" guidance, and 8) organizing training events. RESULTS: The project is being implemented in response to the changing EU legislation on chemicals. As a result of the project, a CSM training program has been established consisting of 3 modules (introductory, basic and advanced) with varying degrees of complexity. In addition, a pocket guide has been developed that contains basic information for DUs and Ds regarding the REACH and CLP Regulations, as well as the "Training pattern for trainers" guidance containing a CSM training session plan for trainers. All these materials will be available via the project platform, and their selected elements also via a mobile app. CONCLUSIONS: The publication is aimed to familiarize the potential users of the ChemSM-Hub training program with its thematic scope, the structure of the training and the expected results. It is also a way to promote online training adapted to the needs of its target groups. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(3):247-61.

"The horizon opened up very greatly": Leland O. Howard and the transition to chemical insecticides in the United States, 1894-1927.

The transition to synthetic chemicals as a popular method of insect control in the United States was one of the most critical developments in the history of American agriculture. Historians of agriculture have effectively identified the rise and charted the dominance of early chemical insecticides as they came to define commercial agriculture between the emergence of Paris green in the 1870s and the popularity of DDT in the 1940s and beyond. Less understood, however, are the underlying mechanics of this transition. this article thus takes up the basic question of how farmers and entomologists who were once dedicated to an impressively wide range of insect control options ultimately settled on the promise of a chemically driven approach to managing destructive insects. Central to this investigation is an emphasis on the bureaucratic maneuverings of Leland O. Howard, who headed the Bureau of Entomology from 1894 to 1927. Like most entomologists of his era, Howard was theoretically interested in pursuing a wide variety of control methods--biological, chemical, and cultural included. In the end, however, he employed several tactics to streamline the government's efforts to almost exclusively support arsenic and lead-based chemical insecticides as the most commercially viable form of insect control. While Howard in no way "caused" the national turn to chemicals, this article charts the pivotal role he played in fostering that outcome.

Stakeholder attitudes towards cumulative and aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides.

This study evaluates the attitudes and perspectives of different stakeholder groups (agricultural producers, pesticide manufacturers, trading companies, retailers, regulators, food safety authorities, scientists and NGOs) towards the concepts of cumulative and aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides by means of qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 15) and a quantitative stakeholder survey (n = 65). The stakeholders involved generally agreed that the use of chemical pesticides is needed, primarily for meeting the need of feeding the growing world population, while clearly acknowledging the problematic nature of human exposure to pesticide residues. Current monitoring was generally perceived to be adequate, but the timeliness and consistency of monitoring practices across countries were questioned. The concept of cumulative exposure assessment was better understood by stakeholders than the concept of aggregate exposure assessment. Identified pitfalls were data availability, data limitations, sources and ways of dealing with uncertainties, as well as information and training needs. Regulators and food safety authorities were perceived as the stakeholder groups for whom cumulative and aggregate pesticide exposure assessment methods and tools would be most useful and acceptable. Insights obtained from this exploratory study have been integrated in the development of targeted and stakeholder-tailored dissemination and training programmes that were implemented within the EU-FP7 project ACROPOLIS.

Developing a safety and health training model for petrochemical workers.

The production processes of the petrochemical industry expose workers to high potential hazards. Our previous study showed that hazard recognition was closely related to worker safety and health training activities. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a safety and health training model. It is expected that the training model will help workers to recognize hazards, thereby lowering their operating risks. The training model, which included a complete training course and follow-up scoring using a questionnaire, was applied to three groups of subjects for comparison. Group A had joined our study previously and took the training course again at this time. Group B had also joined our previous study but did not take this training course. Group C was new to our study and took this training course for the first time. Groups A and C (who took the training course) had higher cognition and attitude scores than group B (who did not take the training course). The training course was a significant factor that positively influenced both cognition and attitude scores among managers and workers. The training course was more significant for managers while the duration of education was more significant for workers.

The predictive qualities of operator characteristics for process control performance: the influence of personality and cognitive variables.

This article examines the relationship between operator characteristics and process control performance. Thirty-nine trainee operators participated in a 4-h training session of a simulated process control task and a testing session in which various system faults had to be managed. Cognitive ability, cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy and personality traits were measured as operator characteristics. Cognitive ability related positively to system control performance but not to diagnostic performance. Participants with low cognitive flexibility performed best on system control, whereas participants with high cognitive flexibility performed best on diagnostic performance. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that cognitive ability, cognitive flexibility and declarative knowledge accounted for about 30% of the variability of system control. The findings suggest that consideration of cognitive ability and cognitive flexibility be increased in personnel selection for complex work environments.

[Drug addiction prevention in the workplace--feasibility study in a company from the chemical industry]. / Betriebliche Suchtprävention - Durchführbarkeitsstudie in einem Betrieb der chemischen Industrie.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years drug prevention at the place of work has became increasingly important for programmes focussing on health promotion at the place of work. Drug prevention programmes aim at reducing cost and protecting the employees from physical harm. There are virtually no reliable figures from surveys in companies. To date intervention programme in companies have hardly been verified. In this feasibility study we intended to examine the practicability of an evaluation of an intervention programme in a large chemical company by means of questionnaires and we present preliminary intervention effects. METHODS: In the context of a pilot study we conducted and evaluated a drug prevention programme at the place of work. Focus was on illegal designer drugs. The programme was conducted as a one-day workshop for trainers in superior management positions. We used a feedback form and a detailed questionnaire on drug prevention in the working place. 41 trainers who participated in the seminar were compared with a control group of 12 trainers who did not participate. RESULTS: The intervention programme was well accepted by the participants. Follow-up data demonstrated, that participants in the seminar had far better knowledge of the employment agreement on addiction and drugs and of the possible ways to get help and they were far more active in realising the employment agreement. CONCLUSION: To achieve a long-term improvement of drug abuse in companies it is not enough to include and implement a passage on drug abuse and addiction in the employment agreement. Well-instructed trainers talk far often with colleagues displaying abnormal or addictive behaviour, resulting in more rapid therapeutic interventions.

Origins, current status, and future challenges of green chemistry.

Over the course of the past decade, green chemistry has demonstrated how fundamental scientific methodologies can protect human health and the environment in an economically beneficial manner. Significant progress is being made in several key research areas, such as catalysis, the design of safer chemicals and environmentally benign solvents, and the development of renewable feedstocks. Current and future chemists are being trained to design products and processes with an increased awareness for environmental impact. Outreach activities within the green chemistry community highlight the potential for chemistry to solve many of the global environmental challenges we now face. The origins and basis of green chemistry chart a course for achieving environmental and economic prosperity inherent in a sustainable world.

Vicente Cervantes Mendo: lugar y fecha de nacimiento, bicentenario no conmemorado y próximo 250 aniversario / Vicente Cervantes Mendo: locality and birth date, bicentenary does not commemorated and next 250 anniversary

Vicente Cervantes Mendo, conocido hasta ahora como Vicente Cervantes, fueun insigne farmacéutico, botánico y químico. Las actividades académicas y profesionalesde este científico hispanomexicano, desarrolladas durante la Real ExpediciónBotánica a Nueva España (1787-1803) y después de esta expedición científicahasta su muerte en México independiente, son mejor conocidas que su vida. Eneste estudio se aporta por primera vez su partida de bautismo, en la que consta quenació en Ledrada el 17 de febrero de 1758, localidad salmantina perteneciente alobispado extremeño de Plasencia (Cáceres). Así pues, la localidad de nacimiento noes Zafra (Badajoz), y el año de su nacimiento es 1758 y no 1755. La Real Academiade Farmacia de Madrid y la Sociedad Española de Historia de la Farmacia desistieronde conmemorar el bicentenario del nacimiento de Vicente Cervantes en1955, por no conocerse exactamente dónde y cuándo nació. España y Méxicopueden conmemorar con seguridad los 250 años del nacimiento en el año 2008

Vicente Cervantes Mendo, known as Vicente Cervantes, was a famouspharmacist, botanist and chemist. This Spanish scientific developed in Mexicoboth significant academic and professional activities during the Real ExpediciónBotánica a Nueva España (1787-1803); he continued such activities in Mexico untilhis death. His work is better known than his personal life. In his baptismalcertificate appears he was born in Ledrada (Salamanca) the 17 of February of1758. This locality belongs to the bishopric of Plasencia (Cáceres). Thus, the localityof birth of Vicente Cervantes Mendo is known for the first time, which is Ledrada(Salamanca) and not Zafra (Badajoz), as well as his birth date was in 1758 and notin 1755. By 1955, both the Real Academia de Farmacia of Madrid and the SociedadEspañola de Historia de la Farmacia desisted to commemorate the bicentenary ofthe birth of Vicente Cervantes because his baptismal certificate was not found.Spain and Mexico may surely commemorate the 250 years of the birth in 2008