Predictive value of mean platelet volume in saphenous vein graft disease

Abstract Objective: To determine whether mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet count could be used as determinants of mortality following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and patency of saphenous vein grafts (SVG). Methods: The records of 128 patients who underwent emergency or elective coronary angiography after CABG surgery, and who died at an early stage were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups as early death, no SVG disease (SVGD), and SVGD group. MPV, PDW, and platelet count were evaluated at different times. Results: MPV was significantly higher in the stenotic group than in the nonstenotic group (9.7±1.8 fl and 8.2±0.9 fl, P<0.05). The postoperative MPV ratio was found to be higher in the stenotic group when compared to the preoperative period (9.6±1.8 fl and 7.8±0.9 fl, P<0.05). MPV values were also found to be higher in patients who died during the early stage than in surviving patients (9.4±1.9 fl and 8.0±1.0 fl, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference regarding platelet count and PDW ratios between the early deaths group and surviving patients. An MPV value higher than 10.6 predicted SVGD with 85% sensitivity and 45% specificity; and an MPV higher than 7.9 predicted early death with 80% sensitivity and 68% specificity were observed. Conclusion: MPV may be a useful indicator for the prediction of SVGD and mortality following CABG surgery.

O uso do balão com paclitaxel no tratamento da reestenose intra-stent no segmento fêmoro-poplíteo / Use of paclitaxel-coated balloon to treat in-stent restenosis in femoropopliteal segments

Resumo Contexto A reestenose intra-stent por hiperplasia miointimal pós-angioplastia é uma intercorrência frequente e que limita a perviedade do procedimento a longo prazo. A terapia com balões revestidos de droga com ação antiproliferativa pode ser uma alternativa no tratamento dessa complicação. Objetivos Demonstrar eficácia e as complicações (óbito, grandes amputações, etc.) do balão farmacológico no tratamento da reestenose intra-stent de segmento femoropoplíteo. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de 32 pacientes consecutivos tratados entre os anos de 2012 e 2016, submetidos a terapia de reestenose intra-stent de segmento femoropoplíteo com angioplastia com balão farmacológico revestido com paclitaxel. A taxa de sucesso foi mensurada pela ocorrência de sucesso do procedimento e reestenose inferior a 50% em avaliação por eco-Doppler colorido 30, 90 e 180 dias após o procedimento. Resultados Quatro pacientes (12,5%) apresentaram reestenose superior a 50%, sendo um (3,1%) após 90 dias e três (9,4%) após 180 dias, conferindo uma taxa de sucesso de 87,5% ao procedimento. Após 180 dias, todos os pacientes referiam melhora ou cessação dos sinais e/ou sintomas apresentados antes do procedimento. Não houve óbitos, e complicações ocorreram apenas em dois casos, no pós-operatório imediato. Conclusões Os resultados a curto prazo da terapia com balão farmacológico são promissores, com redução na taxa de reestenose e baixo índice de complicações. Ainda precisam ser apresentados estudos demonstrando os efeitos a longo prazo dessa terapia, assim como seu impacto econômico quando comparada a outros procedimentos.

Abstract Background In-stent restenosis due to myointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty is common and limits long-term patency. Treatments using balloons coated with antiproliferative drugs may offer an alternative option for this pathology. Objectives To demonstrate the efficacy and complications (death, major amputations, etc.) of drug-coated balloons for treatment of in-stent restenosis in femoropopliteal segments. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 32 consecutive patients treated between 2012 and 2016 who underwent treatment to correct in-stent restenosis in the femoropopliteal segment using paclitaxel-coated balloons. The success rate was measured in terms of technical success and restenosis of less than 50% on Doppler ultrasonography at 30, 90, and 180 days after the procedure. Results Four patients (12.5%) exhibited restenosis greater than 50%, one (3.1%) after 90 days and three (9.4%) after 180 days, equating to a success rate of 87.5% of procedures, and by 180 days all patients experienced improvement or cessation of the signs and/or symptoms they had presented prior to the procedure. There were no deaths and complications occurred in just 2 cases in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusions Short-term results are promising, with reductions in the magnitude of restenosis and a low rate of complications. Further studies are needed that can demonstrate the long-term effects and the economic impacts in comparison to other procedures.

Effects of Combined Therapy with Ezetimibe Plus Simvastatin After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in a Porcine Coronary Restenosis Model

The aim of this study was to examine the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of ezetimibe/simvastatin (E/S) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in a porcine coronary restenosis model. Pigs were randomized into two groups in which the coronary arteries (23 pigs) had DES. Stents were deployed with oversizing (stent/artery ratio 1.3:1) in porcine coronary arteries. Fifteen pigs were taken 10/20 mg of E/S and eight pigs were not taken E/S. Histopathologic analysis was assessed at 28 days after stenting. In neointima, most inflammatory cells were lymphohistiocytes. Lymphohistiocyte count was not different between two groups (337+/-227 vs. 443+/-366 cells, P=0.292), but neointima area was significantly smaller (1.00+/-0.49 mm2 vs. 1.69+/-0.98 mm2, P=0.021) and percent area stenosis was significantly lower (23.3+/-10% vs. 39+/-19%, P=0.007) in E/S group compared with control group. There were no significant differences in fibrin score (1.99+/-0.79 vs. 1.81+/-0.88, P=0.49), endothelial score (1.75+/-0.66 vs. 1.80+/-0.59, P=0.79), and the percent of endothelium covered lumen (43+/-21% vs. 45+/-21%, P=0.84) between E/S group and control group. Combined therapy with ezetimibe and simvastatin inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, but does not inhibit inflammatory infiltration and arterial healing after DES implantation in a porcine coronary restenosis model.

Early Vascular Access Blood Flow as a Predictor of Long-term Vascular Access Patency in Incident Hemodialysis Patients

The long-term clinical benefits of vascular access blood flow (VABF) measurements in hemodialysis (HD) patients have been controversial. We evaluated whether early VABF may predict long-term vascular access (VA) patency in incident HD patients. We enrolled 57 patients, of whom 27 were starting HD with arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and 30 with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). The patients' VABF was measured monthly with the ultrasound dilution technique over the course of the first six months after the VA operation. During the 20.4-month observational period, a total of 40 VA events in 23 patients were documented. The new VA events included 13 cases of stenosis and 10 thrombotic events. The lowest quartile of average early VABF was related to the new VA events. After adjusting for covariates such as gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, VA type, hemoglobin levels, body mass index, parathyroid hormone, and calcium-phosphorus product levels, the hazard ratio of VABF (defined as <853 mL/min in AVF or <830 mL/min in AVG) to incident VA was 3.077 (95% confidence interval, 1.127-8.395; P=0.028). There were no significant relationships between early VABF parameters and VA thrombosis. It is concluded that early VABF may predict long-term VA patency, particularly VA stenosis.

Isquemia en mano por fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis trombosada / Ischemia of the hand due to a thrombosed arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access

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Obstrucción de la sonda de infusión continua de levodopa intraduodenal resuelta mediante fluoroscopia / No disponible

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Infarto agudo de miocardio por trombosis en una paciente portadora de stent liberador de fármaco tras retirada de antiagregación / No disponible

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Caracterización y pronóstico de la trombosis del stent comprobada angiográficamente / No disponible

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Respuesta: Caracterización y pronóstico de la trombosis del stent comprobada angiográficamente / No disponible

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Medidas fractales de arterias coronarias en un modelo experimental de reestenosis. Armonia matematica intrinseca de la estructura arterial / Fractal measures of coronary arteries in experimental model of re-stenosis

La geometría fractal es una teoría matemática capaz de medir la irregularidad de objetos naturales; las medidas adecuadas para caracterizar las formas del cuerpo humano son las dimensiones fractales. La eficacia de la intervención biomolecular específica ligando-receptor con octreótido de somatostatina, en el desarrollo de la reestenosis coronaria en porcinos, es evaluada con medidas de dimensión fractal. Se examinaron 17 imágenes de arterias coronarias de porcinos. 14 animales se sometieron a barotrauma: ll tratados con el péptido-ll imágenes- y tres (grupo control) sometidos a placebo -tres imágenes. También se examinaron arterias coronarias sanas -tres imágenes. Los animales se sacrificaron a las cuatro semanas para el estudio. Por último, haciendo uso del procedimiento de Box-Counting, se midió la dimensión fractal de los objetos significativos: la luz arterial, la arteria en su totalidad y los objetos irregulares que la componen. Las medidas de la dimensión fractal de los objetos irregulares componentes de las arterias sanas, resultaron semejantes a la medida de la totalidad de la arteria, presentando diferencias en la tercera cifra significativa; es decir, igualdades en un orden de magnitud 1000 veces-mayor en la similitud entre las partes y el todo en las arterias sanas con respecto a las enfermas. En el resto de las arterias, tanto las tratadas con octreótido como las tratadas con placebo, la diferencia entre las partes y la totalidad se hizo manifiesta desde la primera cifra significativa e incluso en la unidad; determinando la diferencia entre arterias sanas y enfermas. Las dimensiones fractales de las arterias del grupo tratado con octreótido de somatostatina mostraron similitudes, entre las relaciones matemáticas de las islas, con las del grupo control, de lo que podría inferirse que el octreótido de somatostatina no fue efectivo en la prevención de la reestenosis luego de trauma en un modelo experimental en porcinos

Recanalización tardía de injerto ilíaco / Late recanalisation of an iliac graft

Introducción. Las técnicas endovasculares son útiles para el tratamiento de la enfermedad oclusiva ateroscleróticaen el sector aortoilíaco; la angioplastia transluminal percutánea con balón, con o sin la colocación de stent, estáampliamente aceptada. Una proporción importante de oclusiones de la arteria ilíaca puede recanalizarse con una combinaciónde angioplastia y stent, y muchas son las referencias bibliográficas al respecto, pero poco se ha comentado sobrerecanalizaciones tardías en oclusiones crónicas de injertos en este sector. Caso clínico. Mujer de 53 años de edad coninjerto iliofemoral izquierdo realizado hace cuatro años, ingresa por lesión trófica digital y dolor de reposo en pie izquierdo,refiere claudicación corta desde hace 3 meses, y presenta ausencia de pulsos en el miembro inferior izquierdo.En la arteriografía preoperatoria: obliteración de la arteria ilíaca externa en su origen con repermeabilización en la arteriafemoral común. Se logra mediante abordaje percutáneo contralateral la recanalización del bypass iliofemoral colocandodos stents solapados (8 × 37 mm proximal balón expandible y 7 × 100 mm distal recubierto) con buen resultadoangiográfico, recuperación del pulso femoral izquierdo y buena perfusión del pie. Conclusiones. La recanalización percutáneade una oclusión crónica de un injerto iliofemoral parece una excelente opción terapéutica en casos seleccionados,y más aún si se tiene en cuenta que las reintervenciones quirúrgicas son a menudo difíciles, y no exentas de complicaciones

Introduction. Endovascular techniques are useful for treating atherosclerotic occlusive disease in the aortoiliacsegment; percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with balloon, with or without the placement of a stent, is widelyaccepted. A high proportion of occlusions in the iliac artery can be recanalised with a combination of angioplasty andstent, and many cases have been reported in the literature; little has been said, however, about late recanalisations inchronic occlusions of grafts in this segment. Case report. A 53-year-old female with a left iliofemoral graft that had beenperformed four years earlier; the patient was admitted to hospital due to trophic lesions in the toes and rest pain in theleft foot, reported a three-month history of short claudication, and had no pulse in the lower left limb. In the preoperativearteriography: obliteration of the external iliac artery at its origin with restoration of patency in the common femoralartery. Using a contralateral percutaneous approach, the iliofemoral bypass was recanalised by placing two overlappingstents (8 × 37 mm proximal to the expandable balloon and 7 × 100 mm distal covered) with a good angiographicoutcome, recovery of the left femoral pulse and good perfusion of the foot. Conclusions. Percutaneous recanalisation ofa chronic occlusion of an iliofemoral graft seems to be an excellent therapeutic option in selected cases, and even moreso if we bear in mind that surgical reinterventions are often difficult to perform and are not free of complications

Aneurismas coronarios en la descendente anterior y la coronaria derecha tras implante de stents recubiertos de fármacos / Coronary aneurysms of the left anterior descending coronary artery and the right coronary artery after drug-eluting stent implantation

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Proteína C reactiva y reestenosis de stents farmacoactivos: la ecografía intravascular resuelve la incógnita / C-reactive protein and restenosis of drug-eluting stents. Intravascular ultrasound solves the mystery

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Seguimiento del stent carotídeo / No disponible

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Seudorreestenosis de stent por anillo de calcio / Stent pseudorestenosis due to annular calcification

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Seguimiento de la cirugía endovascular de las arterias viscerales y renales / No disponible

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Tratamiento endovascular de la coartación aórtica / Endovascular treatment of aortic coarctation

Introducción. El defecto congénito de la coartación de la aorta torácica se presenta en 1:10.000 habitantes, frecuentemente asociado a otros defectos congénitos del desarrollo cardíaco. Habitualmente se detecta y se repara en la infancia, y ocasionalmente se diagnostica en la adolescencia y la edad adulta, de novo o como complicación en la evolución de reparaciones previas (pseudoaneurismas, reestenosis, etc.). Estos pacientes requieren de intervenciones correctoras que se acompañan de una morbimortalidad significativa. La alternativa a ellas se ha desarrollado en los últimos años mediante técnicas endovasculares. Objetivo. Exponer el estado actual de la práctica clínica en el tratamiento endovascular de la coartación de la aorta torácica mediante angioplastia simple y angioplastia con stent. Desarrollo. Se discute la indicación de angioplastia en los niños menores de 3 años. La utilización de stents está limitada en la edad infantil por el desarrollo incompleto del niño. Puede ser el tratamiento de elección en el adolescente y el adulto, incluso mediante stent primario. Conclusión. Las reintervenciones con técnica endovascular de las reestenosis y las endoprótesis cubiertas para el tratamiento de los aneurismas poscoartación y de los pseudoaneurismas poscirugía ofrecen resultados satisfactorios

Introduction. Coarctation of the thoracic aorta presents as a connatal defect in 1:10,000 inhabitants, and is frequently associated to other congenital anomalies affecting the development of the heart. It is usually detected and repaired in infancy, but may be diagnosed during adolescence and in adulthood, either de novo or as a complication in the progress of previous repairs (pseudoaneurysms, restenosis, etc.). These patients require remedial interventions that are accompanied by a significant morbidity and mortality rate. An alternative to such procedures has been developed in recent years using endovascular techniques. Aim. To report the current state of the art of clinical practice in the endovascular treatment of coarctation of the thoracic aorta by means of simple stent angioplasty. Development. The indication for angioplasty in children under 3 years of age is discussed. The use of stents is limited in childhood because the child’s development is still incomplete. It can be the preferred treatment in adolescents and adults, even with the use of a primary stent. Conclusions. Reinterventions with endovascular techniques to treat restenosis and covered stents for the treatment of post-coarctation aneurysms and post-surgery pseudoaneurysms offer satisfactory results