Improvement of periodontal parameters following intensive diabetes care and supragingival dental prophylaxis in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes care on periodontal inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 51 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent intensive diabetes care including educational hospitalization and regular outpatient treatment for 6 months. Dental prophylaxis without subgingival scaling was provided three times during the observational period. Associations between changes in periodontal parameters and glycaemic control levels were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 33 participants (mean age: 58.7 ± 12.9) were followed up for 6 months. At baseline examination, 82% were diagnosed with Stage III or IV periodontitis. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level changed from 9.6 ± 1.8% at baseline to 7.4 ± 1.3% at 6 months. The ratio of probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP), full-mouth plaque control record (PCR), periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) also significantly improved. The reduction in PPD and PESA was significantly associated with changes in both HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, and the reduction in PISA was significantly associated with an improvement in FPG after adjusting for smoking, change in body mass index and full-mouth PCR. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report a significant improvement in PPD and BOP after intensive diabetes care and dental prophylaxis without subgingival scaling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000040218.

Prevalence of rapid calculus formers and its associated factors amongst patients visiting a dental hospital: a preliminary investigation.

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the determination and classification of patients as rapid or slowcalculusformersbasedontherateofcalculusformationafteroralprophylaxis. It also aims to determine the factors that positively impact the formation and deposition of calculus in patients and identify the factors that accelerate or decelerate the deposition of calculus. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University Chandigarh, India. We examined 51 patients after a month of the oral prophylaxis, recorded the amount of calculus present in the oral cavity, and then recorded a detailed history which was briefly divided into Age, Sex, Residence, Oral habits, and maintenance of oral hygiene. RESULTS: An evident and meaningful link was found between age and the rate at which dental calculus forms. The average age of individuals differed significantly between the rapid and slow calculus formers, which could be ascribed to the decline in manual dexterity as age increases, resulting in less effective oral hygiene habits, including toothbrushing. None of the other factors dietary and oral hygiene related could be identified distinctly, probably owing to the small sample of the study. The oral health status exhibited a significant difference between slow and rapid calculus formers. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the study, the data analyzed, identified age as a significant determinant that impact the rate of formation of calculus in patients and reported a significant difference in the oral health status of rapid and slow calculus formers.

Green light exposure in children with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently afflicted with sensory processing difficulties, which often impact their ability to cooperate with dental treatment. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the effects of green light exposure on behavior, pain, distress and anxiety in pediatric patients with ASD undergoing a dental prophylaxis. Twelve children diagnosed with ASD, aged 6-17 years, requiring a dental prophylaxis participated in this study. Participants completed two dental prophylaxes, three months apart, one in a standard white light-exposed dental operatory and one in a green light-exposed dental operatory. Behavioral cooperation, pain intensity, physiological stress and anxiety were assessed in all patients. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to estimate differences in measured outcomes according to the experimental condition. There was a trend towards reduced uncooperative behavior when children received a dental prophylaxis in the green light-exposed operatory (p = 0.06). Similar levels of heart rate variability (p = 0.41), salivary alpha amylase (p = 0.19), and salivary cortisol (p = 0.67) were observed at the start and end of each visit in both conditions. Green light exposure had no significant effect on pain intensity (p = 0.17) or behavioral anxiety (p = 0.31). These findings suggest a preliminary positive benefit of green light exposure on behavioral outcomes in pediatric patients with ASD and warrants a further, large-scale clinical trial.

Influence of NaHCO3 powder on color and roughness of the composite submitted to bleaching and euterpe oleracea / Influencia del polvo de NaHCO 3 en el color y rugosidad del composite sometido a blanqueo y euterpe oleracea

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the surface roughness and susceptibility to staining of bleached composite resin with 22% carbamide peroxide, as well as the effect of subsequent prophylaxis with NaHCO3 powder. Material and Methods: Forty disk-shaped (2 × 6 mm) specimens of composite resin (Z250 XT) were prepared. Half of the specimens were subjected to bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide, and the other half were stored in artificial saliva. In sequence, all specimens were immersed in acai juice (Euterpe oleracea) for 4 h for 14 days, and subdivided into two groups. Group 1 samples were subjected to prophylaxis treatment, while group 2 samples were subjected to treatment with artificial saliva. Surface roughness (Ra) and color (ΔE*) were measured after polishing (T0), bleaching (T1), immersion in acai juice (T2), and application of NaHCO3 powder (T3) using a profilometer and a spectrophotometer. Results: Statistical analyses (analysis of variance and Tukey's test, p≤0.05) revealed that regarding color there was statistically significance for the factors in isolation, except for the factor bleaching. For both color and surface roughness there was statistically significant difference for the interaction, except for the interaction between NaHCO3 power and bleaching. Conclusion: The NaHCO3 air-powder polishing decreases the staining of the composite resin; however, it increases the surface roughness. With respect to the color variable, the whitening factor had no significant effect on the tested material; however, it increases surface roughness.

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la rugosidad de la superficie y la susceptibilidad a la tinción de la resina compuesta blanqueada con peróxido de carbamida al 22%, así como el efecto de la profilaxis posterior con polvo de NaHCO3. Material y Métodos: Se prepararon cuarenta especímenes en forma de disco (2 × 6 mm) de resina compuesta (Z250 XT). La mitad de los especímenes se sometieron a blanqueo con peróxido de carbamida al 22% y la otra mitad se almacenó en saliva artificial. En secuencia, todos los especímenes se sumergieron en jugo de acai (Euterpe oleracea) durante 4h durante 14 días, y se subdividieron en dos grupos. Las muestras del grupo 1 se sometieron a tratamiento profiláctico, mientras que las muestras del grupo 2 se sometieron a tratamiento con saliva artificial. La rugosidad de la superficie (Ra) y el color (ΔE*) se midieron después del pulido (T0), el blanqueo (T1), la inmersión en jugo de acai (T2) y la aplicación de polvo de NaHCO3 (T3) utilizando un perfilómetro y un espectrofotómetro. Resultados: Los análisis estadísticos (análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey, p≤0.05) revelaron que en relación al color hubo significancia estadística para los factores en forma aislada, excepto para el factor blanqueamiento. Tanto para el color como para la rugosidad de la superficie hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para la interacción, excepto para la interacción entre el poder de NaHCO3 y el blanqueo. Conclusión: El pulido al aire con polvo de NaHCO3 disminuye el manchado de la resina compuesta; sin embargo, aumenta la rugosidad de la superficie. Con respecto a la variable color, el factor de blanqueamiento no tuvo efecto significativo sobre el material ensayado; sin embargo, aumenta la rugosidad de la superficie.

The influence of prophylaxis with amino acid glycine powder and sodium bicarbonate jet on the bond strength of dental enamel / A influência da profilaxia com aminoácido glicina em pó e jato de bicarbonato de sódio na resistência de união do esmalte dentário

Aim: To compare the influence of prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate and amino acid glycine powder on the bond strength of bovine teeth enamel and on the properties of two adhesive systems. Methods:Thirty-six extracted bovine incisors were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6) according to the prophylactic treatment received: no prophylactic treatment (NT), sodium bicarbonate powder (SB), and glycine powder (GL). Each group was subdivided into 2 groups based on what adhesive systems were used: conventional system (A) and universal system (B). Composite resin was applied on the buccal surface of the teeth in a block measurement 8x8x6 mm. The specimens were cut to obtain beams measuring 1.0 x 1.0 mm and were subjected to microtensile bond strength tests. Results were compared using two-way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The GLA group obtained the highest bond strength value for the conventional adhesive (18.97 MPa), but the GLB group obtained a lower strength value than the SBB group (GLB: 21.05 MPa and SBB: 22.29 MPa) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Cleaning of the enamel surface increases the adhesive properties of restorative materials, and the bond strength was more effective in the group that received glycine prophylaxis and the conventional adhesive system.

Objetivo:Comparar a influência da profilaxia com bicarbonato de sódio e ClinproProphy ™ na resistência de união do esmalte de dentes bovinos e nas propriedades de dois sistemas adesivos.Métodos: Trinta e seis incisivos bovinos extraídos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n = 6), cada um de acordo com o tratamento profilático recebido: nenhum tratamento profilático (NT), bicarbonato de sódio em pó (SB), glicina em pó (GL). Cada grupo foi subdividido em 2 grupos com base nos sistemas adesivos utilizados: sistema convencional (A) e sistema universal (B). A resina composta foi aplicada na superfície bucal dos dentes em um bloco de 8x8x6 mm. As amostras foram cortadas para obter blocos medindo 1,0 x 1,0 mm e submetidas a testes de resistência de união por microtração. Os resultados foram comparados usando o teste two-way ANOVA (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: O grupo GLA obteve o maior valor de resistência de união para o adesivo convencional (18,97 MPa), mas o grupo GLB obteve um valor de resistência menor que o grupo SBB (GLB: 21,05 MPa e SBB: 22,29 MPa) (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A limpeza da superfície do esmalte aumenta as propriedades adesivas dos materiais restauradores, e a resistência adesiva foi mais eficaz no grupo que recebeu profilaxia com glicina e sistema adesivo convencional.

EVALUACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO, LA ACTITUD Y LA PRÁCTICA SOBRE LAS AYUDAS PARA LA HIGIENE BUCAL ENTRE HIGIENISTAS DENTALES EN EL OESTE DE MAHARASHTRA, INDIA / EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT ORAL HYGIENE AIDS AMONG DENTAL HYGIENISTS IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Introducción: El uso diario de ayudas para la higiene oral y la profilaxis oral anual o semestral por parte de los profesionales de la odontología (dentistas, higienistas dentales, asistentes dentales) son dos maneras efectivas de mantener una buena higiene oral. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica sobre higiene bucal entre higienistas dentales que trabajan en el oeste de Maharashtra, India. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de cuestionario entre 52 higienistas dentales en activo de diferentes áreas del oeste de Maharashtra. Se diseñó un cuestionario estructurado, cerrado autoadministrado para recopilar los datos que constaba de dos partes y comprendía 31 preguntas. Se hizo un análisis estadístico utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: En este estudio, más del 50% de los participantes conocían la importancia del mantenimiento de la higiene bucal y los diferentes tipos de ayudas para la higiene bucal y correctos métodos de uso de esas ayudas para la higiene oral. Alrededor del 96% de los participantes pensaba que la técnica de cepillado adecuada es necesaria para mantener una buena higiene bucal. Conclusión: El conocimiento general, la actitud y la práctica de los participantes del estudio con respecto a las ayudas para la higiene bucal se observaron en un nivel promedio.

Introduction: Everyday use of oral hygiene aids and annual or biannual oral prophylaxis by dental professionals (Dentists, Dental hygienists, Dental assistants) are two effective ways of maintaining good oral hygiene. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about oral hygiene among working dental hygienists in Western Maharashtra, India. Materials and methods: A questionnaire study was conducted among 52 working dental hygienists from different areas of Western Maharashtra. The structured, self-administered, close-ended questionnaire was designed to collect the data which consist of two parts and comprised 31 questions. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, more than 50% of participants were known the importance of oral hygiene maintenance and different types of oral hygiene aids and correct methods of using those oral hygiene aids. About 96% participants thought that proper brushing technique is necessary to maintain good oral hygiene. Conclusion: The study participant's overall knowledge, attitude and practise regarding oral hygiene aids were seen at average level.

Enfermos com histórico de Febre Reumática e suas implicações em odontologia: uma revisão de literatura / Sick with history of rheumatic fever and its implications in dentistry: a literature review

Objetivo: analisar informações presentes na literatura sobre a citada patologia com enfoque odontológico, baseando-se em evidências atuais, a fim de estruturar uma conduta clínica, métodos preventivos e terapêuticos. Revisão de literatura: executou-se busca na literatura em dezembro de 2020, por meio dos descritores pré-estabelecidos, nos bancos de dados LILACS e PubMed/MEDLINE, além de complementações utilizando o Google Scholar. Foram encontrados 563 artigos, refinados em 10, juntamente ao uso de 3 livros. Considerações finais: a partir dos achados, constatou-se que a realização de uma anamnese criteriosa durante a primeira consulta faz-se imprescindível, por auxiliar na compreensão dos aspectos fisiopatológicos do paciente, os quais irão determinar o emprego ou não de fármacos, principalmente antes de procedimentos invasivos. Em contrapartida, verificou-se a negligência desse assunto no âmbito odontológico, pelo fato de existirem poucos estudos relacionados ao manejo clínico de pacientes com Febre Reumática (FR), sendo necessárias maiores pesquisas, com o fito de construir-se uma conduta clínica adequada, reduzindo-se os riscos e a incidência de tal enfermidade.(AU)

Objective: to analyze information in the literature about mentioned pathology with a dental focus, based on current evidence in order to structure a clinical conduct, preventive and therapeutic methods. Literature Review: literature searches were performed in December 2020, using pre-established descriptors, in the databases LILACS and PubMed/MEDLINE, in addition to complementations using Google Scholar. About 563 articles were found, refined in 10, along with the use of 3 books. Final Considerations: From the findings, it was found that the performance of a careful anamnesis during the first consultation is essential, as it helps to understand the patient's pathophysiological aspects, which will determine the use of drugs, mainly, before invasive procedures. On the other hand, this matter was neglected in the Dental field, due to the fact that there are few studies related to the clinical management of patients with Rheumatic Fever (RF), and further research is necessary, with the aim of building an adequate clinical conduct, reducing the risks and the incidence of such a disease.(AU)

Avaliação do comportamento odontológico infantil durante procedimentos de profilaxia e exodontia / Evaluation of children's dental behavior during prophylaxis and extraction procedures

Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento infantil durante os tratamentos odontológicos de profilaxia e de exodontia. Métodos: Este estudo transversal contou com 58 crianças, entre 6 e 9 anos de idade. Dentre essas, 29 crianças foram submetidas ao procedimento de exodontia e 29 ao procedimento de profilaxia. O comportamento infantil frente ao tratamento odontológico proposto foi avaliado por um cirurgião-dentista treinado através da versão brasileira e validada da Escala Comportamental de Venham (Venham's Behavior Rating Scale (BvVBRS). Avaliou-se também a ansiedade infantil prévia ao tratamento odontológico através da Venham Picture Test modificada (VPTm). A condição bucal foi avaliada pelo índice CPO-D e ceo-d, por pesquisador previamente calibrado (Kappa > 0,7). Os pais/responsáveis responderam a um questionário socioeconômico e questões relacionadas a experiência odontológica prévia das crianças. Realizou-se análise descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Em relação ao comportamento o grupo submetido à profilaxia apresentou 100% das crianças com um comportamento positivo, enquanto no grupo submetido à exodontia houve 75,9% das crianças com comportamento positivo (p = 0,010). Idade, gênero e presença de ansiedade prévia aos procedimentos não tiveram relação estatisticamente significante com o comportamento infantil. A presença de cárie na dentição decídua esteve associada ao comportamento negativo durante os procedimentos odontológicos (p = 0,013). Conclusão: Foi observado que durante o procedimento de profilaxia os pacientes demonstraram um comportamento mais colaborador quando comparado ao procedimento de exodontia.

Aim:To investigate the behavior of children during dental treatments of prophylaxis and dental extraction. Methods: Fifty-eight children, 6 to 9 years of age, and their caregivers participated of this cross-sectional study. Of these, 29 children underwent prophylaxis and 29 dental extraction. Child behavior was assessed through the Brazilian version of the Venham's Behavior Rating Scale (BvVBRS), and dental anxiety was measured by the Venham Picture Test modified (VPTm). Clinical examination was performed by a calibrated examiner (Kappa > 0.7), using the decay, missing, filled index for primary and permanent dentition dmft/DMFT index. The caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and questions related to the previous dental experience of the children. Descriptive data analysis and Chi-square test were performed, with a significance level of 5%. Results:Regarding behavior, the prophylaxis group presented 100% of children with a positive behavior, while the extraction group contained 75.9% of children with positive behavior, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.010). Age, gender, and presence of anxiety prior to the procedures had no statistically significant relationship to the presented child behavior. The presence of caries in the deciduous dentition was associated with child behavior during dental procedures (p = 0.013). Conclusion: It was observed that the type of procedure interfered directly in the negative behavior of the children, with a difference in cooperation with invasive (dental extraction) and non-invasive (prophylaxis) procedures.

Desgaste del esmalte por diferentes tratamientos químicos y mecánicos / Wear of the enamel by different chemical and mechanical treatments / Desgaste do esmalte por diferentes tratamentos químicos e mecânicos

Introducción: La microabrasión se describe como un procedimiento realizado sobre el esmalte dental en el cual mediante la utilización de un agente ácido y un agente abrasivo se logra corregir alteraciones cromáticas superficiales. Algunos estudios demuestran como los parámetros de tiempo, número de aplicaciones y la presión ejercida, influyen en la can-tidad de esmalte eliminado. Objetivo: Establecer el espesor de esmalte dental eliminado según la capacidad abrasiva de 9 tratamientos químico mecánicos, mediante estereomicroscopia. Materiales y métodos: Con el aval del comité de ética de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, se recolectaron 90 terceros molares bajo consentimiento informado y se mantuvieron almacenados bajo los parámetros de la norma ISO 11405. Sobre bloques de acrílico se fijaron las mitades linguales de las coronas dentales, creando sobre ellas superficies planas mediante serie de lijas con irrigación y tomando impresiones con silicona de adición. Se distribuyeron de forma aleatoria en 9 grupos (n 10). Cada grupo recibió un tratamiento por un periodo de 30 segundos: G1: Opalustre® (Ultradent), G2: Piedra pómez y ácido fosfórico al 37% (Ultra-Etch®, Ultradent), G3: Piedra pómez, glicerina y ácido fosfórico al 37% (Ultra-Etch®, Ultradent), G4: Fresas de halo amarillo (Komet), G5: Fresas de halo blanco (Komet), G6: Discos Sof-Lex® (3M), color amarillo, G7: Discos Sof-Lex® (3M), color amarillo y amarillo claro, G8: Arenado, y G9: Puntas ultrasónicas Perfect Margin (Acteon). El espesor de desgaste creado fue medido utilizando un estéreo microscopio con un aumento de 10X. Los datos reco-lectados se analizaron a través de las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis (p≤0.05) para comparar todos los grupos y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney (p≤0.05) para comparaciones individuales. Resultados: Independientemente del tratamiento realizado todos los grupos presentaron un desgaste del esmalte. El mayor desgaste se registró para el grupo tratado con fresa de halo amarillo (122,66 ± 22,64µm) y el menor desgaste para el grupo de arenado (11,5 ± 2,36µm). Se presentó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre todos los grupos. Conclusiones: Bajo las limitaciones del presente estudio se puede concluir: La mayor microabrasión en esmalte se produjo con fresas de grano extrafino (halo amarillo) y el menor desgaste se produjo con arenado.

Introduction: Microabrasion is described as a procedure performed on tooth enamel in which the use of an acidic agent and an abrasive agent can correct surface chromatic alterations. Some studies show how the parameters of time, number of applications and the pressure exerted influence the amount of enamel removed.Objective: To establish the thickness of tooth enamel removed according to the abrasive capacity of 9 mechanical chemical treatments, using stereomicroscopy. Materials and methods: With the endorsement of the ethics committee of the School of Dentistry of the National University of Colombia, 90 third molars were collected under informed consent and kept stored under the parameters of ISO 11405. Acrylic blocks were fixed the lingual halves of the dental crowns, creating on them flat surfaces by means of series of sandpaper with irrigation and taking impressions with silicone of addition.They were distributed randomly in 9 groups (n 10). Each group was treated for a period of 30 seconds: G1: Opalustre® (Ultradent), G2: Pumice and 37% phosphoric acid (Ultra-Etch®, Ultradent), G3: Pumice, glycerin and phosphoric acid 37 % (Ultra-Etch®, Ultradent), G4: Yellow halo straw-berries (Komet), G5: White halo strawberries (Komet), G6: Sof-Lex® discs (3M), yellow color, G7: Sof-Lex discs ® (3M), yellow and light yellow, G8: Sandblasted, and G9: Perfect Margin ultrasonic tips (Acteon). The wear thickness created was measured using a stereo microscope with an increase of 10X. The collected data were analyzed through the Kruskal-Wallis tests (p≤0.05) to compare all groups and the Mann-Whitney U test (p≤0.05) for individual comparisons. Results: Regard-less of the treatment performed, all groups presented enamel wear. The highest wear was recorded for the group treated with yellow halo strawberry (122.66 ± 22.64µm) and the lowest wear for the sandblasting group (11.5 ± 2.36µm). There was a statistically significant difference between all groups. Conclusions: Under the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded: The greatest microabrasion in enamel was produced with strawberries of extra-fine grain (yellow halo) and the least wear occurred with sandblasting.

Introdução: A microabrasão do esmalte dental é descrita como um procedimento realizado no esmalte dentário, no qual o uso de um agente ácido e um abrasivo pode corrigir alterações cromáticas na superfície. Alguns estudos mos-tram como os parâmetros de tempo, número de aplicações e pressão exercida influenciam na quantidade do esmalte removido. Objetivo: Estabelecer a espessura do esmalte dentário removido de acordo com a capacidade abrasiva de 9 tratamentos químicos ou mecânicos, utilizando estereomicroscopia. Materiais e métodos: Com o aval do comitê de ética da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional da Colômbia, 90 terceiros molares hígidos foram coletados sob consentimento informado e mantidos armazenados sob os parâmetros da norma ISO 11405. Em blocos de acrílico foram fixadas as metades linguais das coroas dentárias, criando sobre elas superfícies planas por meio de séries de lixa mais irrigação e toma de impressões com silicone de adição. Eles foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 9 grupos (n= 10). Cada grupo foi tratado por um período de 30 segundos: G1: Opalustre® (Ultradent), G2: Pedra-pomes e ácido fosfórico a 37% (Ultra-Etch®, Ultradent), G3: Pedra-pomes, glicerina e ácido fosfórico 37 % (Ultra-Etch®, Ultradent), G4: brocas diaman-tadas halo amarelo (Komet), G5: brocas diamantadas halo branco (Komet), G6: discos Sof-Lex® (3M), cor amarelo, G7: discos Sof-Lex ® (3M), amarelo e amarelo claro, G8: jateamento e G9: pontas ultra-sônicas Perfect Margin® (Acteon). A espessura de desgaste criada foi medida usando um microscópio estéreo com um aumento de 10X. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis (p≤0,05) para comparar todos os grupos e pelo teste U de Mann-Whit-ney (p≤0,05) para comparações individuais. Resultados: Independentemente do tratamento realizado, todos os grupos apresentaram desgaste do esmalte. O maior desgaste foi registrado para o grupo tratado com broca diamantada com halo amarelo (122,66 ± 22,64 µm) e o menor desgaste para o grupo de jateamento (11,5 ± 2,36 µm). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre todos os grupos. Conclusões: Sob as limitações do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que a maior microabrasão no esmalte foi produzida com brocas de grão extra-fino (halo amarelo) e o menor desgaste ocorreu com o jateamento.

The effect of a 3% hydroxyapatite paste prophylaxis after different root-scaling procedures in periodontics / Efeito da profilaxia com pasta de hidroxiapatita 3% após diferentes procedimentos de raspagem radicular na periodontia

Abstract Introduction Root-scaling procedures on the root surface show to increase root surface roughness during instrumentation. The use of a prophylactic paste reduces the roughness. Objetive This study evaluated the influence of prophylaxis paste on the surface roughness of root dentin after hand instruments (HI), ultrasonic scalers (US) and rotational instruments (RI) were applied to root surfaces. Material and method Fifty bovine roots were prepared and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=5) in which instrumentation with HI, US, or RI was carried out with or without prophylaxis using either conventional or 3% hydroxyapatite paste; additionally, a control group without treatment was included. The Ra and Rz roughness values were measured using a perfilometer. The morphological aspects of the root surfaces were analysed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Result The scaling method and the prophylaxis procedure significantly influenced (p < 0.05) root surface roughness. Treatment with US and prophylaxis with 3% hydroxyapatite paste resulted in lower values ​​of Ra (0.14 µm ± 0.02 µm) and Rz (0.89 µm ± 0.18 µm) compared to the other groups. SEM analysis showed smoother and more homogeneous surfaces in the groups with prophylaxis compared to the groups without prophylaxis. There were no substantial differences between the results of applying different pastes. Conclusion The prophylaxis procedure performed with the experimental paste containing 3% hydroxyapatite reduced the roughness of root surfaces treated with HI, US and RI at the same level as the conventional prophylactic paste.

Resumo Introdução Procedimentos de raspagem na superfície radicular aumentam a rugosidade superficial durante a instrumentação. O uso de pasta profilática pode reduzir a rugosidade. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a influência da profilaxia com pasta na rugosidade superficial da dentina radicular após instrumentação manual (IH), ultrassom (US) e instrumentos rotatórios (IR) aplicados em superfícies radiculares. Material e método Cinquenta raízes bovinas foram preparadas e divididas aleatoriamente em 10 grupos (n = 5) nos quais a instrumentação com HI, US ou RI foi realizada com ou sem profilaxia usando pasta convencional ou hidroxiapatita a 3%; adicionalmente, um grupo controle sem tratamento foi incluído. As rugosidades de Ra e Rz foram medidas por um perfilômetro. Os aspectos morfológicos das superfícies radiculares foram analisados ​​qualitativamente por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram analisados ​​por meio de ANOVA de dois fatores, seguido pelo teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultado O método de raspagem e o procedimento de profilaxia influenciaram significativamente (p <0,05) a rugosidade da superfície radicular. O tratamento com US e a profilaxia com pasta de hidroxiapatita ao 3% resultaram em menores valores de Ra (0,14 µm ± 0,02 µm) e Rz (0,89 µm ± 0,18 µm) em relação aos demais grupos. A análise por MEV mostrou superfícies mais lisas e mais homogêneas nos grupos com profilaxia em comparação aos grupos sem profilaxia. Não houve diferenças substanciais entre os resultados da aplicação das diferentes pastas. Conclusão O procedimento de profilaxia realizado com a pasta experimental contendo 3% de hidroxiapatita reduziu a rugosidade das superfícies radiculares tratadas com HI, US e RI no mesmo nível da pasta profilática convencional.

Protocolo de actuación en el tratamiento odontológicoquirúrgico en pacientes con angioedema hereditario. Revisión de la literatura / Management protocol of dental treatment in patients with hereditary angioedema. A literature review

El angioedema hereditario (AEH) es una enfermedad genética rara de transmisión autosómica dominante, en la que existe un déficit de la encima C1-INH. Cursa con episodios recurrentes y autolimitados de edema, causados por aumento de la permeabilidad vascular. Tiene unas importantes implicaciones para los profesionales de la salud bucodental, ya que determinados procedimientos odontológicos y quirúrgicos pueden desencadenar episodios de angioedema, potencialmente mortales al producirse edema en las vías respiratorias superiores. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar información y recomendaciones a los odontólogos a la hora de tratar a estos pacientes con el fin de minimizar las complicaciones. Los resultados han aportado un total de 48 pacientes y se realizaron un total de 90 intervenciones, siendo el tratamiento más frecuente las extracciones dentales. El AEH tipo I es el más frecuente de los tres tipos con una incidencia de entorno al 85% y el tipo III es el menos común y conocido, ya que se ha identificado en los últimos años. La profilaxis a corto plazo es un método preventivo que ha de realizarse en todos los pacientes con AEH antes de cualquier intervención quirúrgica odontológica. El tratamiento de estos pacientes implica, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, una profilaxis a largo y corto plazo con el fin de disminuir los ataques. Siendo aconsejable realizar los procedimientos odontológicos-quirúrgicos en ambiente hospitalario

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease of autosomal dominant transmission, in which there is a deficit of C1-INH enzyme. It runs with recurrent and self-limited episodes of edema to increase vascular permeability. There are some important complications for oral health professionals because many dental and surgical procedures can trigger angioedema episodes which can be a potentially life-threating condition due to edema in the upper respiratory tract. The objective of this research is to provide information and recommendations to dentists for treating these patients in order to minimize complications. 48 patients have been reported and a total of 90 interventions were performed, being extractions the most frequent treatment. HAE type 1 is the most frequent of the three types with an 85% of incidence, and type III is the least common and known, it has been identified in recent years. Shortterm prophylaxis is a preventive method that must be done in all HAE patients before any dental surgery. The treatment of these patients implies, in most cases, a long- and short-term prophylaxis in order to reduce attacks. It is recommended to realize dental-surgical procedures in a hospital environment

Cleaning effectiveness of a nickel-titanium ultrasonic tip in ultrasonically activated irrigation: a SEM study

Abstract In endodontic treatment, regardless of the instrumentation technique, the presence of a smear layer covering contaminated dentin walls is always a concern. Thus, irrigation plays an essential role in reducing bacterial load. To enhance irrigation effectiveness, different ultrasonic activation methods and the use of different tips have been studied. This study assessed the cleaning capacity of the novel NiTi ultrasonic tip for smear layer removal using ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) with passive or continuous ultrasonic irrigation (PUI or CUI, respectively), compared with conventional irrigation. Forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized length of 16 mm. Instrumentation was performed using the Genius system up to size 50.04 and irrigated with 3% NaOCl. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to the final irrigation activation technique: conventional irrigation (CI), as control group; PUI; and CUI, following the manufacturer's protocol. The samples were longitudinally cleaved and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope for smear layer removal according to a cleanliness score for the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Data were evaluated by means of the Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's tests, with a 5% level of significance. UAI enhanced cleaning compared to conventional irrigation, mainly at the apical third. CUI showed the best results, with statistically significant lower scores than PUI and CI (p < 0.05). Final irrigant activation with the NiTi tip showed better cleaning capacity than conventional irrigation. In addition, CUI resulted in better smear layer removal than PUI.

Comparison of Total Anaerobic Microbiota in Periodontitis Before and After the Subgingival Irrigation with Chlorhexidine at 0. 12 % / Comparación de la Microbiota Anaerobia Total en Periodontitis antes y Después de la Irrigación Subgingival con Clorhexidina al 0, 12 %

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the subgingival irrigation of chlorhexidine 0.12 % of the total anaerobic microbiota. Microbial sampling to 30 subjects with periodontitis stage II Grade B, in pockets with a periodontal probing depth > 4 mm. The subgingival irrigation was made with 5 mL of chlorhexidine in the test group and with 5 mL of distilled water in the control group. 24 hours after the procedure was obtained a second sample to compare. It was found that the subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine at 0.12 % achieved a statistically significant decrease in anaerobic microbiota (p< 0.05).

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de la irrigación subgingival de la clorhexidina 0,12 % sobre la microbiota anaeróbica total. Se tomaron muestras microbiológicas a 30 sujetos con periodontitis estadio II grado B, en sacos periodontales con una profundidad de sondaje > 4 mm. Se realizó la irrigación subgingival con 5 mL. de clorhexidina en el grupo test y con 5 mL. de agua destilada en el grupo control. 24 horas después del procedimiento se obtuvo una segunda muestra a comparar. Se detectó que la irrigación subgingival con clorhexidina al 0,12 % logra disminuir en forma estadísticamente significativa la microbiota anaeróbica total (p< 0,05).

Inflammatory markers in the saliva of cerebral palsy individuals with gingivitis after periodontal treatment

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on the salivary cytokine levels and clinical parameters of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) with gingivitis. A non-randomized, clinical trial was conducted in individuals diagnosed with spastic CP. Thirty-eight individuals were enrolled in the study and were categorized according to gingival index scores between 0-1 or 2-3, assigned to groups G2 or G1, respectively. Periodontal treatment comprised oral hygiene instructions, conventional mechanical treatment and 0.12% chlorhexidine applied as an adjunct. Clinical parameters and saliva samples were collected at baseline and at the 15-day follow-up visit. Bleeding on probing and periodontal screening and recording were determined. Non-stimulated saliva samples were obtained, and the salivary flow rate, the osmolality and the levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-12p70 were evaluated by a cytometric bead array. The Wilcoxon test, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation analysis, Poisson regression analysis and an adjusted analysis were performed (α = 0.05). The groups differed significantly in periodontal clinical parameters at baseline and at follow-up. Salivary flow rate and osmolality were similar in both groups at both timepoints. However, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were higher in G1 than in G2 at baseline. Mechanical treatment resulted in improved clinical parameters for both groups. Furthermore, mechanical treatment resulted in a significant reduction in salivary IL-1β and IL-8 levels for both groups after treatment. Periodontal treatment performed in individuals with CP and gingivitis reduces the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.

Development of dental hygiene gum for cats considering their anatomical features of dentition

The purpose of this study was to develop effective dental hygiene chews for cats based on the anatomical features of the dentition and patterns of chewing motion. All cats were volunteered for dental prophylaxis followed by dental impressions using yellow stone and alginate under general anesthesia. Twenty parameters related to dentition were defined in order to compare dental impressions using digital caliper. For the chewing motion study, patterns of chewing motion were identified based on recordings made with a digital camera. Ten cats (4 domestic shorthairs, 2 Russian blues, 1 American shorthair, 1 Persian, 1 Turkish Angora, and 1 Devon Rex) were recruited for the study. The parameters related to teeth and oral size were similar among the studied cats. Chewing motion can be described as more of a guillotine-like motion rather than a crushing motion, with cats chewing 3–7 times before swallowing. The chewing pattern of cats involves shearing for a short period of time followed by immediate swallowing. Therefore, the overall size of the dental hygiene chew could be determined based on the measurement of the oral size for inducing chewing. The surface details of the dental hygiene chew could be designed for prevention and removal of dental calculus and plaque in cats considering the anatomical teeth parameters. Dental hygiene chews customized for cats considering the different anatomical features of their teeth might be effective for oral care.

Mass change of a sodium bicarbonate air-polished nanocomposite exposed to cigarette smoke, coffee, and red wine / Perda de massa de nanocompósito jateado com bicarbonato de sódio e exposto à fumaça de cigarro, café e vinho tinto

Introdução: As resinas compostas estão sujeitas à desafios na cavidade oral relacionados aos hábitos dos pacientes, que podem comprometer a integridade e longevidade das restaurações. As consequências da associação do consumo de bebidas e o uso de cigarros à profilaxia profissional precisam ser estudadas. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar como o jateamento com bicarbonato de sódio afeta a mudança de massa (sorção e solubilidade) de uma resina composta exposta à fumaça de cigarro, vinho tinto e café. Material e método: Oitenta corpos-de-prova de resina composta (FiltekZ350 XT - 3M/ESPE) foram preparados e distribuídos em 8 grupos (n=10): G1 (jateamento + água destilada), G2 (jateamento + café), G3 (jateamento + vinho tinto), G4 (jateamento + fumaça de cigarro), G5 (água destilada), G6 (café), G7 (vinho tinto) e G8 (fumaça de cigarro). Os corpos-de-prova de resina composta foram pesados em três tempos diferentes para obter M1 (massa inicial), M2 (massa após 30 dias de armazenamento nas soluções testadas e exposição ao agente) e M3 (após dessecação). Os valores de sorção e solubilidade foram calculados e analisados usando ANOVA 2-fatores e teste Tukey (5%). Resultado: Os grupos experimentais tiveram maior sorção e solubilidade comparado ao grupo controle, independentemente do uso do jateamento. Não houve diferença estatística na sorção para o fator jateamento. Porém, a solubilidade foi maior nos grupos jateados. Conclusão: O jateamento com bicarbonato de sódio foi capaz de intensificar a solubilidade da resina testada, embora não tenha aumentado significativamente os valores de sorção.

Introduction: Composite resins are subject to challenges in the oral cavity that are related to patients' habits, which can compromise the restorations' integrity and longevity. Therefore, it is necessary to study how consuming beverages and smoking cigarettes affects professional prophylaxis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the sodium bicarbonate air-polishing affects the mass change (sorption and solubility) of a composite resin exposed to cigarette smoke, red wine, or coffee solution. Material and method: Eighty composite resin samples (FiltekZ350 XT - 3M/ESPE) were prepared and distributed into 8 groups (n=10): G1 (air-polishing + distilled water), G2 (air-polishing + coffee), G3 (air-polishing + red wine), G4 (air-polishing + cigarette smoke), G5 (distilled water), G6 (coffee), G7 (red wine), or G8 (cigarette smoke). The composite resin samples were weighed in triplicate to obtain M1 (initial mass), M2 (mass after 30 days of storage in the tested solutions), and M3 (after desiccation) values. The sorption and solubility values were calculated and analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). Result: The experimental groups had higher sorption and solubility values than the control groups, regardless of whether air-polishing was used. There was no statistically significant difference in the sorption between the air-polished and non-air-polished groups; however, the solubility was higher in the air-polished groups. Conclusion: Air-polishing using sodium bicarbonate powder was able to intensify the solubility process of the tested resins but did not significantly increase the sorption values.

Antibiotic prophylaxis habits in dental implant surgery among dentists in Spain. A cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: The use of antibiotics to prevent dental implant failures and postoperative infections remains a controversial issue. The objectives of this study were to assess the current antibiotic prescribing patterns and antibiotic prescribing frequency of dentists in Biscay (Spain) in conjunction with routine dental implant surgery among healthy patients and to determine whether any consensus has been reached by such practitioners and last published evidence was being followed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study: electronic survey. This study was reported according to the STROBE guidelines. This anonymous questionnaire contained open-ended and close-ended questions. An email was sent 26 October 2017 to all the registered members of the Biscay dentists' College (n=989). The collected data were analyzed using STATA(R) 14 software, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the frequency of prescription for each antibiotic regimen. RESULTS: The survey was responded to by a total of 233 participants (response rate=23.56%). Overall, 210 participants finished the survey completely, and 23 surveys were answered partially. The questionnaire was responded to by 122 females (58.1%) and 88 males (41.9%). Of the participants, 88% (n=207) always routinely prescribed prophylactic antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant surgery (95% CI: 84.79-92.88%). Approximately 9% (n=22) prescribed antibiotics sometimes (95% CI: 5.68-13.19%), and only 4 dentists (1.72%) never prescribed antibiotics (95% CI: 0.04-3.38%). Overall, 179 of 233 respondents prescribed both pre- and postoperative antibiotics (78.85%, 95% CI: 72.96-83.97%), 13 prescribed antibiotics only preoperatively (5.73%, 95% CI: 3.08-9.59%), and 35 prescribed antibiotics exclusively after routine dental implant surgery (15.42%, 95% CI: 10.98-20.78%). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the dentists working in Biscay routinely prescribe prophylactic antibiotics in conjunction with dental implant surgery among healthy patients. A large range of prophylactic regimens are prescribed and the most recently published evidence is not being followed

Nueva Clasificación sobre las Enfermedades y Condiciones Periodontalesy Peri-implantares: Una Breve Reseña / Nova Classificação da Condições e Doenças Periodontais e Peri-implantares: Uma Breve Revisão / New Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions: A Brief Review

En junio de 2018 se propuso una nueva clasificación de enfermedades y condiciones periodontales y peri-im-plantares, en una reunión realizada conjuntamente por la Academia Americana de Periodoncia y la Federación Europea de Periodoncia, con el objetivo de actualizar la clasificación de 1999 en uso durante los últimos 19 años. El objetivo del artículo es introducir esta nueva clasificación para que tanto clínicos e investigadores pue-dan aplicarla. La nueva clasificación incorporará nuevos conceptos a medida que se reporten nuevos resultados sobre estudios que sean realizados en el futuro.

A new classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions was proposed in June 2018, in a meeting jointly held by the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology, with the aim to update the 1999 classification in use for 19 years. The article aimed at introducing the most re-cent periodontal and peri-implant classification to clinicians and scientific investigators. The new classification has an in-built plan for periodic revisions while upcoming studies are carried out.

Uma nova classificação das condições e doenças periodontais e peri-implantares foi proposta em junho de 2018, em um encontro que reuniu a Academia Americana de Periodontia e a Federação Europeia de Periodontia, que teve como objetivo atualizar a classificação de 1999, amplamente utilizada nos últimos 19 anos. Este artigo tem como objetivo introduzir a mais nova classificação periodontal e peri-implantar aos clínicos e pesquisadores. A nova classificação possui um planejamento para revisões periódicas a medida que novos estudos são realizados.

Evaluación a 72 meses de una estrategia de prevención en salud oral en escolares / 72-month evaluation of an oral health prevention strategy in schoolchildren

Fundamentos: Dada la alta prevalencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal a nivel global, y su proceso acumulativo desde temprana edad, se requieren estrategias efectivas para incidir en hábitos saludables que se formen de manera sostenible, aprovechando espacios comunes como la escuela. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a 72 meses una estrategia de prevención en salud oral en escolares. Métodos: Esta investigación cuasi-experimental, longitudinal consideró una muestra inicial de 350 escolares con condiciones culturales y socioeconómicas similares, que después de 72 meses se redujo a 220. La práctica de cepillado dentro de la escuela se realizó diariamente, con motivación de sus maestros y formación de líderes de salud oral. Durante todo el tiempo la intervención estuvo supervisada. Al inicio y a los 72 meses, se tomaron los índices epidemiológicos: de Placa de Silness y Loe, Gingival de Loe y Silness, cepillado de Simmons Smith y Gelbie (ICSG), y el índice MEDIMED que consideró dicotómicamente: dientes permanentes sanos, salud de la encía y buena actitud hacia la odontología. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central. La diferencia de promedios de los índices se determinó con la prueba U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: Los promedios de los índices iniciales (II) y finales (IF) registraron así: gingival (II: 0,63-IF: 0,27) y placa bacteriana (II: 0,99-IF: 0,41) con una diferencia p<0,05. El índice (ICSG) indicó una remoción de placa dental del 82,18%. El índice MEDIMED: "dientes permanentes sanos " (II: 91% - IF: 59%); encía (II: 14% - IF: a 85%) y el componente "Mente " (II: 96 % - IF: 87%). Conclusiones: La estrategia preventiva evaluada disminuyó los índices de placa bacteriana y gingival en forma significativa. El índice MEDIMED indicó disminucion en dientes permanentes sanos y disminución de una actitud positiva hacia la odontología

Background: Given the high prevalence of caries and periodontal disease globally, and its cumulative process from an early age, effective strategies are required to influence healthy habits that are formed in a sustainable manner, taking advantage of common spaces such as school. The objective was to evaluate for 72 months an oral health prevention strategy in schoolchildren. Methods: This quasi-experimental study considered an initial sample of 350 students with similar cultural and socioeconomic conditions, which was later reduced to 220, after the 72 months. The tooth brushing practice was carried out at school daily; with teacher motivation and leader in oral health formation. Intervention was supervised all time long. to At the beginning and end of the 72 months, the following epidemiological indexes were taken: Silness-Loe plaque index, Loe-Silness Gingival index, brushing skill index by Simmons Smith & Gelbie (ISSG), and the MEDI-MED index that dichotomically considered: healthy permanent teeth, health of the gums and good attitude towards dental health. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendencies. The difference in averages of the indices was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The average of the indices: initial (II) and final (IF) registered as follows: gingival (II: 0.63-IF: 0.27) and bacterial plaque (II: 0.99-IF: 0.41) with a difference p <0.05. The index (ISSG) indicated a dental plaque removal of 82.18%.MEDI-MED index "healthy permanent teeth " (II: 91% - IF: 59%); Gum (II: 14% - IF: at 85%) and the "Mind " component (II: 96% - IF: 87%). Conclusions: The preventive strategy evaluated significantly reduced the rates of bacterial and gingival plaque. The MEDI-MED index indicated decreased in healthy permanent teeth and a positive attitude towards dentistry

Antibioticoprofilaxia em Odontologia: uma experiência de ensino utilizando mapas conceituais / Antibiotic prophylaxis in Dentistry: a teaching experience using conceptual maps

O uso de antibióticos é amplamente difundido em Odontologia, devido ao risco de exposição do paciente a agentes infecciosos durante a prática clínica. Desta forma, é importante que o profissional da área esteja apto a utilizar protocolos antimicrobianos. Este trabalho visa relatar a experiência de construção de mapas conceituais no ensino de antibioticoprofilaxia em Odontologia. Foram considerados os seguintes temas: tipos de fármaco, seleção do fármaco, dosagem, e conduta clínica nas infecções agudas. Inicialmente foi realizada revisão bibliográfica acerca de protocolos profiláticos e da aprendizagem significativa, a fim de apropriar os estudantes ao método em que este trabalho está baseado. Foram montados três mapas conceituais, cada um por dois estudantes. Apesar da dificuldade visível em organizar todas as ideias a serem utilizadas e até a falta de algumas, a estruturação dos mapas conceituais foi considerada satisfatória, dentro de seu papel pedagógico de suscitar a aprendizagem (AU).

The use of antibiotics is widespread in Dentistry because of the risk of exposure of the patient to infectious agents during clinical practice. Thus, it is important that the professional in the area can use antimicrobial protocols. This paper aims to report the experience of conceptual mapping in the teaching of antibiotic prophylaxis in Dentistry. The following topics were considered: drug types, drug selection, dosage, and clinical management in acute infections. Initially, a bibliographic review was performed on prophylactic protocols and meaningful learning in order to appropriate the students to the method on which this work is based. Three conceptual maps were assembled, each by two students. Despite the visible difficulty in organizing all the ideas to be used and even the lack of some, the structuring of conceptual maps was considered satisfactory, within its pedagogical role of provoking learning (AU).