Smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke decrease some plasma antioxidants and increase gamma-tocopherol in vivo after adjustment for dietary antioxidant intakes.
Am J Clin Nutr
; 77(1): 160-6, 2003 Jan.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-12499336
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Free radicals in cigarette smoke may cause oxidative damage to macromolecules, contributing to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Decreased plasma antioxidant concentrations may indicate cigarette smoke-related oxidative stress.OBJECTIVE:
We compared the effects on plasma antioxidant concentrations in cotinine-confirmed active and passive smokers with those in nonsmokers, independent of differences in dietary intakes and other covariates.DESIGN:
Plasma samples from 83 smokers, 40 passive smokers, and 36 nonsmokers were analyzed for total ascorbic acid, alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, 5 carotenoids, retinol, and cotinine. Groups were compared by using analysis of variance with adjustment for sex, age, race, body mass index, alcohol intake, triacylglycerol concentration, fruit and vegetable intakes, and dietary antioxidants.RESULTS:
After adjustment for dietary antioxidant intakes and other covariates, smokers and passive smokers had significantly lower plasma beta-carotene concentrations than did nonsmokers (0.15, 0.17, and 0.24 micro mol/L, respectively) and significantly higher gamma-tocopherol concentrations (7.8, 7.8, and 6.5 micro mol/L, respectively). Smokers had significantly lower plasma ascorbic acid and beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations than did nonsmokers and passive smokers (ascorbic acid 43.6, 54.5, and 54.6 micro mol/L, respectively; beta-cryptoxanthin 0.12, 0.16, and 0.16 micro mol/L, respectively) and significantly lower concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin than did nonsmokers (0.33 compared with 0.41 micro mol/L). The P values for all the differences described above were < 0.05. No significant differences in plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, total carotenoids, lycopene, or retinol were observed.CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that cigarette smokers and nonsmokers exposed to cigarette smoke have a significantly lower plasma antioxidant status than do unexposed nonsmokers, independent of differences in dietary antioxidant intakes. Further research is required to explain why plasma gamma-tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher in smokers and passive smokers than in nonsmokers.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco
/
Vitamina E
/
Fumar
/
Dieta
/
Antioxidantes
Límite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
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Male
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Clin Nutr
Año:
2003
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos