Characterization of polar brevetoxin derivatives isolated from Karenia brevis cultures and natural blooms.
Toxicon
; 48(1): 104-15, 2006 Jul.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-16808941
ABSTRACT
Several novel brevetoxin derivatives were isolated and identified in Karenia brevis cultures and natural blooms by using solid phase extraction (SPE) and LC/MS(MS) techniques. These analogs were more polar compared with previously described brevetoxins, and were poorly extractable by conventional non-polar solvent (chloroform) partitioning. Brevetoxin analogs were structurally confirmed as hydrolyzed (open A-ring) forms of brevetoxins PbTx-1, PbTx-7, PbTx-2, and PbTx-3, and of oxidized PbTx-1 and PbTx-2. Some of these open A-ring derivatives were in greater abundance than their non-hydrolyzed counterparts. All were in much greater abundance in bloom water filtrate compared with cell-rich fractions. Open A-ring compounds were cytotoxic in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cell assay. In the K. brevis bloom-exposed Eastern oyster, brevetoxin metabolites with opened A rings were identified (e.g., open-ring cysteine-PbTx conjugates), contributing to their overall toxin burden.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Dinoflagelados
/
Oxocinas
/
Toxinas Marinas
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Toxicon
Año:
2006
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos