Using HLA loci to inform ancestry and health in Polynesian and Maori populations.

ABSTRACT

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are important genetic markers of tissue identity and accurately reflect ancestral history. The work reported in this paper provides a detailed description of HLA polymorphism in Polynesian and Maori individuals in relation to other populations. Our study concerns HLA classes I and II antigens in Polynesian (N = 36) and Maori (N = 114) subjects genotyped at two digit resolution by New Zealand Blood Service Laboratory in Auckland using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide and PCR-SSP technologies. We have also compared our data with those from other Austronesian-speaking Mongoloid and Papuan-speaking Australoid populations in order to test previously published account of the origin of Proto-Polynesians via gender-biassed gene flow between these two ancestral populations. We use principal coordinate analysis for this purpose, arguing this approach to be superior to tree-based methods, because of factors associated with population history and admixture. Our data are in general agreement with earlier work and reflect received wisdom on the dual origin of Proto-Polynesians. They also show the way in which the genetic make-up of Polynesian and Maori subjects is changing due to intermarriage with Europeans.