Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate induces generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of p53-dependent cell death in human endometrial cancer cells.

ABSTRACT

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP), an intermediate of the glycolytic pathway, has been found to play a promising anticancer effect; nevertheless, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of F1,6BP in a human endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa). F1,6BP showed an antiproliferative and non-cytotoxic effect on endometrial cancer cells. These effects are related to the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These harmful stimuli trigger the upregulation of the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (p53 and Bax), leading to the reduction of cell proliferation through inducing programmed cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, F1,6BP-treated cells had the formation of autophagosomes induced, as well as a decrease in their proliferative capacity after withdrawing the treatment. Our results demonstrate that F1,6BP acts as an anticancer agent through the generation of mitochondrial instability, loss of cell function, and p53-dependent cell death. Thus, F1,6BP proves to be a potential molecule for use in the treatment against endometrial cancer.