Diverse immune mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis with and without asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
; 149(3): 791-801, 2022 03.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35093483
ABSTRACT
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, inducing long-term clinical tolerance to the sensitizing allergen. Clinical tolerance induction can be achieved when AIT is administered for at least 3 years. AIT is associated with the modulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. This comprises inhibition of IgE-dependent activation of mast cells and basophils in the local target organ, suppression of TH2 cells, immune deviation toward TH1 cells, induction of T and B regulatory cells, and production of allergen-neutralizing antibodies. However, recent developments in their underpinning mechanisms have revealed that AIT, administered subcutaneously or sublingually, induces immune regulation through novel cell targets and molecular mechanisms. This comprehensive review discusses how immune tolerance driven by subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy is associated with the induction of a novel regulatory subset of innate lymphoid cells and suppression of proinflammatory TH2, allergen-specific TH2 (TH2A), and T follicular helper cells. Moreover, they are associated with exhaustion of TH2A cells and differential expression of nasal and systemic IgA antibodies. Uncovering the underpinning mechanisms of a successful AIT and immune tolerance induction will allow the development of targeted therapeutics for allergic rhinitis with and without asthma.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Asma
/
Rinitis Alérgica
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Allergy Clin Immunol
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article