Pediatric urolithiasis: what can pediatricians expect from radiologists?
Pediatr Radiol
; 53(4): 695-705, 2023 04.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36329164
ABSTRACT
The incidence of urolithiasis in children has increased over the two last decades. Urolithiasis formation results from urine oversaturation following insufficient water intake, urinary obstruction (notably in cases of congenital uropathies), excess production of an insoluble compound, or imbalance between crystallization promoters and inhibitors. Whereas most urolithiases in adults occur secondary to environmental factors, in children, secondary causes are far more frequent, and 15% are related to genetic causes, most often monogenic. This is especially true in recurrent forms, with early and rapid progression and bilateral stones, and in cases of familial history or consanguinity. Because of differing clinical management, one should rule out cystinuria, primary hyperoxaluria and renal tubular acidosis, among other causes of urolithiasis. As such, a complete biochemical evaluation must be performed in all cases of pediatric urolithiasis, even in cases of an underlying uropathy. Ultrasound examination is the first-line modality for imaging pediatric urolithiasis, allowing both diagnosis (urolithiasis and its complications) and follow-up. US examination should also explore clues to an underlying cause of urolithiasis. This review is focused on the role of imaging in the management and etiological assessment of pediatric urolithiasis. Radiologists play an important role in pediatric urolithiasis, facilitating diagnosis, follow-up and surgical management. A trio of clinicians (pediatric nephrologist, pediatric surgeon, pediatric radiologist) is thus necessary in the care of these pediatric patients.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Banco de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Cistinuria
/
Urolitiasis
Límite:
Adult
/
Child
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Pediatr Radiol
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article