Global Neurosurgical Challenges: A Focus on Central Asia.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current state of neurosurgical care in Central Asia, identify the challenges and advancements, and propose recommendations to improve neurosurgical capabilities and access in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the neurosurgical infrastructure, availability of neurosurgeons, technological advancements, and healthcare policies in the five Central Asian countries. Analysis included published literature, healthcare reports, and expert opinions to assess the state of neurosurgical care and identify areas for improvement. RESULTS: Significant variation in neurosurgical care was observed across the region. Kazakhstan showed notable advancements, including an increased number of neurosurgeons and progress in specialized fields such as vascular neurosurgery and brain tumor management. Other countries, like Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan, made strides in improving neurosurgical care but still faced substantial challenges. Common issues included a shortage of neurosurgeons, limited facilities, and inadequate access to modern technology. The lack of research data further highlighted the need for urgent intervention. CONCLUSIONS: To enhance neurosurgical care in Central Asia, a multipronged approach involving targeted investments, policy reforms, international collaborations, and knowledge sharing is recommended. This includes establishing specialized neurosurgical training programs and fellowships, investing in infrastructure and technology, fostering international collaborations for training and research, introducing early neurosurgery education in medical schools, improving access to online education resources, and promoting telemedicine for consultations and follow-up care. These measures are necessary to expand access to essential neurosurgical care and improve outcomes in the regions.