The Growth and Shape Evolution of Indium Nanoplates Studied by In Situ Liquid Cell TEM.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the growth mechanisms of nanomaterials is crucial for effectively controlling their morphology which may affect their properties. Here, the growth process of indium nanoplates is studied using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative analysis shows that the growth of indium nanoplate is limited by surface reaction. Besides, the growth process has two stages, which is different from that of other metal nanoplates reported previously. At the first stage, indium particles transform gradually from face-centered cubic to body-centered tetragonal (bct) structure as the seeds grow. At the second stage, the seeds grow faster than at the first stage and form indium triangular nanoplates. Indium triangular nanoplates have a bct structure with {011}-twin, which is found to form through kinetic reactions. In addition, the shape evolution of truncated triangle nanoplate with multiple twin planes is studied. The growth rate of truncated edge changes with the varied number of re-entrant grooves. The present work provides valuable insights into the growth mechanism of metal nanoplates with low-symmetric structure and the role of twin planes in the shape evolution of plate-like metal nanomaterials.