Prevalencia de Preeclampsia y sus complicaciones en el Hospital de Clínicas: estudio observacional 2014-2018 / Prevalence of Preeclampsia and its complications in the Hospital de Clínicas: observational study 2014-2018

RESUMEN

El objetivo del estudio es valorar la prevalencia de síndrome preeclampsia eclampsia severa y los factores de riesgo para la misma para lo que se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo y de cohorte con datos obtenidos del Sistema Informático Perinatal e historias clínicas las pacientes con síndrome preeclampsia-eclampsia en el Hospital de Clínicas entre los años 2014-2018. Se compararon factores de riesgo para preeclampsia severa mediante cálculo de Riesgo Relativo (RR). Se obtuvieron 286 pacientes presentaron síndrome preeclampsia eclampsia de las cuales 76,6% fueron leves y 23,4% severas. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo para el síndrome preeclampsia-eclampsia severo obesidad o sobrepeso (RR 1,25 IC95% [1,08- 1,45]), edad materna mayor a 35 años (RR 1,29 IC95% [0,79-2,11]), hipertensión arterial crónica (RR 1,19 IC95% [0,75-1,89]), cardiopatía previa (RR 1,42 IC95% [0,28-2,18]) y diabetes gestacional (RR 1,06 IC95% [0,93-1,21]). Se identificaron como factores protectores edad menor a 19 años (RR 0,82 IC95% [0,97-1,43]), antecedente de preeclampsia (RR 0,73 IC95% [0,38-1,37]), nefropatía previa (RR 0,38 IC95% [0,14-0,98]) y diabetes mellitus (RR 0,57 IC95% [0,27-1.19]). Se concluye que la prevalencia del síndrome fue similar a nivel mundial pero mayor que a nivel nacional. Existe evidencia significativa de que el índice de masa corporal es un factor de riesgo para presentar síndrome preeclampsia eclampsia severo. Respecto a los otros factores de riesgo y protectores estudiados, no fueron concluyentes. (AU)

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of severe eclampsia syndrome and the risk factors for it, for which a retrospective descriptive and cohort observational study was carried out with data obtained from the Perinatal Computer System and clinical records of patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome in the Hospital de Clínicas between the years 2014-2018. Risk factors for severe pre-eclampsia were compared using Relative Risk (RR) calculation. 286 patients presented with preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome were obtained, of which 76.6% were mild and 23.4% severe. Risk factors for severe preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome were identified as obesity or overweight (RR 1.25 95% CI [1.08-1.45]), maternal age over 35 years (RR 1.29 95% CI [0, 79-2.11]), chronic arterial hypertension (RR 1.19 95% CI [0.75-1.89]), previous heart disease (RR 1.42 95% CI [0.28-2.18]) and gestational diabetes (RR 1.06 95% CI [0.93-1.21]). The following were identified as protective factors age under 19 years (RR 0.82 95% CI [0.97-1.43]), history of preeclampsia (RR 0.73 95% CI [0.38-1.37]), previous nephropathy (RR 0.38 95% CI [0.14-0.98]) and diabetes mellitus (RR 0.57 95% CI [0.27-1.19])It is concluded that the prevalence of the syndrome was similar worldwide but higher than the national level. There is significant evidence that body mass index is a risk factor for severe eclampsia syndrome. Regarding the other risk and protective factors studied, they were not conclusive.