Retraction: Cecal Lipoma: A Rare Etiology of Acute Appendicitis in Adults.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19423.].

The Detrimental Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus on Infected Patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is no longer a global public health emergency, but it still affects numerous diseases and needs further research. Diabetic COVID-19 patients with major complications or intensive care had high mortality rates. This review provides pathophysiological descriptive data on diabetes mellitus type 2 and shows how COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia predicts disease severity and prognosis. METHODS: This review was conducted through online research on MEDLINE/PubMed databases, Scopus, and Web of Science based on links between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. By using the keywords 'COVID-19', 'diabetes', ' correlation', and impact on 'population' from December 2022 to February 2023. The full texts of the articles that were retrieved were accessed. RESULTS: The COVID-19 epidemic has affected the community, especially diabetics, and their daily life. According to our research on prior studies, most COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia had diabetes as a comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: We underline the necessity of thorough study to better understand COVID-19 and its association with diabetes to design and implement evidence-based initiatives and policies in Saudi Arabia, where diabetes is a major health issue.

Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact and distribution of blood groups in different ethnicities and the extent of susceptibility to infection with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Blood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local control populations was done. Our study found that in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations, blood groups O and A were associated with higher infection rates, whereas blood group AB was associated with lower infection rates (p=0.0001). COVID-19 seems to be associated with blood groups A, B, and AB (RR=3.23, 95% CI=2.702-3.821, p=0.0001). COVID-19 risk was lower in people with O blood group (RR=0.783, 95% CI=0.733-0.836, p=0.0001). South Asians had higher odds of COVID-19 infection when compared to Saudi cases and other ethnic groups (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 1.074-1.24, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: We emphasize that COVID-19 infection is not proportional among ethnically related blood groups. Notably, RhD-negative protect against COVID-19, whereas A and O blood types are more susceptible. Thus, when assessing COVID-19 prognosis and vaccination priority, blood groups A and O are critical.

Cecal Lipoma: A Rare Etiology of Acute Appendicitis in Adults.

Acute appendicitis is the most common indication for abdominal surgeries worldwide. Obstruction of the appendiceal orifice is thought to be the primary pathology of appendicitis. The obstruction leads to an increase in the intraluminal pressure resulting in ischemia and inflammatory process. Several pathologies could cause obstruction of the appendix lumen. These pathologies include hard fecal masses, stones, lymphoid hyperplasia, and neoplasia. We present the case of a 42-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with a complaint of abdominal pain and diarrhea for 3 days. The abdominal pain started in the periumbilical region and was shifted to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The pain started gradually and had been progressing in severity. He described the pain as a stabbing in nature. Abdominal examination revealed a soft abdomen with diffuse tenderness. However, the tenderness was more pronounced in the right iliac fossa with a positive rebound sign. Further, the Rovsing sign was positive. Initial laboratory investigation revealed elevated leukocyte count and elevated inflammatory markers, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. The CT scan demonstrated well-defined homogenous fat density endoluminal lesion in the cecum with an average size of 6 cm with associated thickened wall appendix. The patient was prepared for an emergency laparoscopy for limited segmental rection of the cecum with appendectomy. Lipoma is a rare benign tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for benign and malignant neoplasms when they encounter patients with suspected acute appendicitis in the adult population.