Dynamics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated to COVID-19 in Chile: Epidemiologic trends during pandemic, before and after children vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated to Covid-19 (MIS-C) is one of the most severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Covid-19 vaccines were successfully implemented in Chile for the pediatric population since 2021, using both mRNA and inactivated platforms. Effectiveness against MIS-C has been reported for mRNA vaccines. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiologic trend of MIS-C in Chile during Covid-19 pandemic, both before and after the availability of vaccination for children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytic study of MIS-C cases from April 2020 to December 2022. Epidemiological data, SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination uptake information were obtained from the Epidemiology Department-Ministry of Health, Institute of Public Health and the National Immunization Program, respectively. RESULTS: 496 cases of MIS-C were reported, 58 % males. Median age was 5 years and most frequent age-cohorts were 6-11 and 0-2 years old with a 33 % each. After the introduction of the Covid-19 vaccine, most cases occurred in children aged 0-2 years. Incidence rates were 3.8, 5.4 and 1.7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. 97 % of cases (481) occurred in unvaccinated subjects. On those previously vaccinated (15), all but one case occurred in children receiving the inactivated vaccine. No association among circulating variants and incidence was observed. Incidence rate reduction (IRR) comparison between 2020 and 2021-2022 periods was 0.72 (CI 95 % 0.65-0.81, p < 0.05) overall; 0.86 for 0-2 years (CI 95 %:0.71-1; p = 0.12); 0.88 for 3-5 years (CI 95 %:0.69-1.11; p = 0.28); 0.61 for 6-11 years (CI 95 %: 0.50-0.75; p < 0.05); and 0.64 for 12-17 years (CI 95 %:0.47-0.89; p < 0.05), consistent with vaccination uptake during the studied period: 63 % for 3-5 years, 91 % for 6-11 years, and 99 % for 12-17 years. CONCLUSIONS: A decline of MIS-C incidence and a shift to younger, unvaccinated population overtime was observed. IRR decreased in age-cohorts which achieved high vaccination rates.

Global cross-cultural validation of a brief measure for identifying potential suicide risk in 42 countries.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. RESULTS: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.

Comparación de prótesis removibles parciales y totales entregadas según sus características clínicas en el servicio de odontología del hospital nacional de geriatría y gerontología, en el período de tiempo comprendido del 1 de enero 2005 al 31 de diciembre del 2008 / Comparison of partial and total removable prosthesis delivered according to their clinical characteristics in the dentistry service of the national hospital of geriatry and gerontology, in the period under january 1 of 2005 to december 31 of 2008

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar la cantidad y características de las prótesis dentales removibles parciales y totales, en el servicio de odontología del Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología, en el periodo de tiempo comprendido del 1 de enero 2005 al 31 de diciembre 2008, equivalentes a 326 expedientes. Se tomó la base de datos del servicio de odontología de consulta externa especializada de los pacientes atendidos de los años 2005 al 2008, en los cuales se entregaron un total de 2786 prótesis dentales removibles. Materiales y métodos: Con base en el dato anterior se seleccionó la muestra no aleatoria a conveniencia hasta alcanzar el tamaño de 599 prótesis entregadas, examinando 326 expedientes del periodo de enero del 2005 a diciembre del 2008, con un nivel de confianza de 99% y un error de muestreo de 0.0466. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio del programa Microsoft Excel donde se utilizó una tabla en la que se anotó el número de expediente, fecha de inicio y conclusión de prótesis, tipo de prótesis, cantidad y color de prótesis, edad, género y domicilio del paciente por distrito, cantón y provincia. El procesamiento se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva utilizando cuadros y gráficos. Resultados: Se determinó que el mayor porcentaje de rango de edad de personas que solicitaron prótesis removibles fue de 62 a 65 años, independiente si eran prótesis totales o parciales, los pacientes que requirieron dos prótesis fueron 273 de 326, en su mayoría los pacientes solicitaron prótesis totales para un total de 372 de 599 prótesis entregadas. De la guía de color utilizada en el HRBC los colores más requeridos fueron los tonos claros blanco amarillentos que corresponde al número 62 y 65; de los expedientes analizados la mayoría de los pacientes residían en San José con un total de 200 pacientes. Se concluye que el mayor porcentaje de edentulismo que se presento es el edentulismo total con un 62%, la prótesis más utilizada es la prótesis total superior removible y en su mayoría los pacientes requieren dos prótesis, con respecto al color no es concluyente para este estudio debido a los datos no disponibles en los expedientes analizados.

ABSTRACT Objective: Compare the quantity and characteristics of partial and total removable dental prostheses, in the dentistry service of the National Hospital of Geriatrics and Gerontology, in the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2008. The database of the specialized outpatient dentistry service of the patients treated from 2005 to 2008 was taken, in which a total of 2786 removable dentures were delivered. Materials and methods: Based on the previous data, the non-random sample was selected for convenience until reaching the size of 599 protheses of 326 files, with a confidence level of 99% and a sampling error of 0.0466. Data collection was carried out through the Microsoft Excel program where a table was used in which the file number, date of start and conclusion of the prosthesis, type of prosthesis, amount and color of prosthesis, age, gender and address were used of the patient by district, canton and province. The processing was carried out by means of descriptive statistics using tables and graphs. Results: It was determined that the highest percentage of the age range of people who requested removable prostheses was 62 to 65 years, the patients that required two prostheses were 273 of 326. In their majority, the patients requested total prostheses for a total of 372 of 599 prostheses delivered. Of the color guide used in the HRBC, the most requested colors were the light yellowish-white tones corresponding to the number 62 and 65; of the files analyzed, most of the patients resided in San José with a total of 200 patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that the highest percentage of edentulism that is presented is total edentulism with 62%, the most commonly used prosthesis is the removable upper total prosthesis and for the most part patients require two prostheses, with respect to color it is inconclusive for this study due to data not available in the analyzed files.

[Intraoperative acetabular periprotesic fracture]. / Fractura periprotésica acetabular intraoperatoria.

Intraoperative acetabular fractures (IAF) is a rare complication with an incidence 2% - 5%. We present the review of a series of 13 cases, discussing diagnosis, treatment and results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2018, we performed 4800 primary hip arthroplasties (THA) In our hospital, we identified 13 cases with FIA with a follow-up of 38.3 months. RESULTS: Two cases were stable with conservative management; 11 unstable cases: seven cases we placed trabecular metal, one case we increased acetabular diameter, one case acetabular replacement, one case revision with Ganz type ring and one case do not accept treatment. The use of trabecular metal is an implant that helps effectively and with good results in FIA. CONCLUSION: These fractures are rare, knowing the implant to use is mandatory because if the implants are oversized, with greater rigidity or hemispheric, patients have increased risk of suffering from this complication.

Las fracturas intraoperatorias acetabulares (FIA) son una complicación rara con incidencia de 2 a 5%. Presentamos la revisión de una serie de 13 casos, que aborda diagnóstico, tratamiento y resultados. Material y métodos: entre 2006 y 2018 realizamos 4,800 artroplastías primarias de cadera (ATC). En nuestro hospital identificamos 13 casos con FIA con un seguimiento de 38.3 meses. Resultados: Dos casos fueron estables con manejo conservador; 11 casos inestables: en siete casos colocamos trabecular metal, en un caso aumentamos diámetro acetabular, en un caso recambio de cotilo, en un caso revisión con anillo tipo Ganz y un caso no aceptó tratamiento. El uso de trabecular metal es un implante que ayuda eficazmente y con buenos resultados en FIA. Conclusión: Estas fracturas son raras, conocer el implante a utilizar es imperativo, ya que si los implantes están sobredimensionados, con mayor rigidez o hemisféricos, los pacientes tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir esta complicación.

The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline.

Studies of the current Chilean population performed using classical genetic markers have established that the Chilean population originated primarily from the admixture of European people, particularly Spaniards, and Amerindians. A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established soon after the conquest. Spaniards born in Spain or Chile occupied the highest Socioeconomic Strata, while Amerindians belonged to the lowest. The intermediate strata consisted of people with different degrees of ethnic admixture; the larger the European admixture, the higher the Socioeconomic Level. The present study of molecular genomic markers sought to calculate the percentage of Amerindian admixture and revealed a finer distribution of this cline, as well as differences between two Amerindian groups: Aymara and Mapuche. The use of two socioeconomic classifications - Class and Socioeconomic Level - reveals important differences. Furthermore, Self-reported Ethnicity (self-assignment to an ethnic group) and Self-reported Ancestry (self-recognition of Amerindian ancestors) show variations and differing relationships between socioeconomic classifications and genomic Amerindian Admixture. These data constitute a valuable input for the formulation of public healthcare policy and show that the notions of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Strata and Class should always be a consideration in policy development.

Fractura periprotésica acetabular intraoperatoria / Intraoperative acetabular periprotesic fracture

Resumen: Las fracturas intraoperatorias acetabulares (FIA) son una complicación rara con incidencia de 2 a 5%. Presentamos la revisión de una serie de 13 casos, que aborda diagnóstico, tratamiento y resultados. Material y métodos: entre 2006 y 2018 realizamos 4,800 artroplastías primarias de cadera (ATC). En nuestro hospital identificamos 13 casos con FIA con un seguimiento de 38.3 meses. Resultados: Dos casos fueron estables con manejo conservador; 11 casos inestables: en siete casos colocamos trabecular metal, en un caso aumentamos diámetro acetabular, en un caso recambio de cotilo, en un caso revisión con anillo tipo Ganz y un caso no aceptó tratamiento. El uso de trabecular metal es un implante que ayuda eficazmente y con buenos resultados en FIA. Conclusión: Estas fracturas son raras, conocer el implante a utilizar es imperativo, ya que si los implantes están sobredimensionados, con mayor rigidez o hemisféricos, los pacientes tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir esta complicación.

Abstract: Intraoperative acetabular fractures (IAF) is a rare complication with an incidence 2% - 5%. We present the review of a series of 13 cases, discussing diagnosis, treatment and results. Material and methods: Between 2006 and 2018, we performed 4800 primary hip arthroplasties (THA) In our hospital, we identified 13 cases with FIA with a follow-up of 38.3 months. Results: Two cases were stable with conservative management; 11 unstable cases: seven cases we placed trabecular metal, one case we increased acetabular diameter, one case acetabular replacement, one case revision with Ganz type ring and one case do not accept treatment. The use of trabecular metal is an implant that helps effectively and with good results in FIA. Conclusion: These fractures are rare, knowing the implant to use is mandatory because if the implants are oversized, with greater rigidity or hemispheric, patients have increased risk of suffering from this complication.

Temperature-dependent infrared ellipsometry of Mo-doped VO2 thin films across the insulator to metal transition.

We present a spectroscopic ellipsometry study of Mo-doped VO2 thin films deposited on silicon substrates for the mid-infrared range. The dielectric functions and conductivity were extracted from analytical fittings of Ψ and Δ ellipsometric angles showing a strong dependence on the dopant concentration and the temperature. Insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) temperature is found to decrease linearly with increasing doping level. A correction to the classical Drude model (termed Drude-Smith) has been shown to provide excellent fits to the experimental measurements of dielectric constants of doped/undoped films and the extracted parameters offer an adequate explanation for the IMT based on the carriers backscattering across the percolation transition. The smoother IMT observed in the hysteresis loops as the doping concentration is increased, is explained by charge density accumulation, which we quantify through the integral of optical conductivity. In addition, we describe the physics behind a localized Fano resonance that has not yet been demonstrated and explained in the literature for doped/undoped VO2 films.

Manejo de fractura de cuello femoral en paciente con amputación supracondílea femoral bilateral y revisión de la literatura / Femoral neck fracture management in patient with bilateral femoral supracondylar amputation and literature review

Resumen: El tratamiento de un paciente con amputación supracondílea femoral bilateral, y que ha sufrido una fractura de cuello femoral, es un evento poco común tanto para el cirujano ortopédico como para el equipo de rehabilitación. Presentamos un caso, en el cual se discuten diferentes dificultades en su tratamiento, elección de implante y regreso a sus actividades diarias. Se trata de un joven con diagnóstico de amputación traumática bilateral supracondílea, con fractura de cuello femoral, tratado mediante artroplastía total de cadera primaria no cementada. La evaluación de la funcionalidad de la prótesis total de cadera con escala de Houghton fue al cabo de 12 meses, se obtuvo una puntuación final de 9 puntos, los cuales son el resultado de una rehabilitación satisfactoria.

Abstract: The treatment of a patient with amputation above the knee who has suffered a femoral neck fracture is a challenge for both the orthopedic surgeon and the rehabilitation team. We present a case, in which different difficulties are discussed in their treatment, choice of implant and return to their daily activities. The clinical case of a young man diagnosed with supracondylar bilateral traumatic amputation, with fracture of the femoral neck, treated by total non-cemented hip arthroplasty is presented. The functionality of the total hip prosthesis with Houghton scale after 12 months, obtaining a final score of 9 points which are the result of a satisfactory rehabilitation.

Application of thermal lens microscopy (TLM) for measurement of Cr(VI) traces in wastewater.

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that Thermal Lens Microscopy technique (TLM) can be applied to monitor the dynamics of a photocatalytic process in-situ. The photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium -Cr(VI)- in aqueous solution using CdS and irradiated with visible light is monitored by TLM. Since the values of Cr(VI) concentration obtained after the photocatalytic process were close to those imposed by the international regulations for drinking water, the use of TLM allowed its measurement with a better reliability than with UV spectroscopy, usually used in this kind of analysis.

[Femoral neck fracture management in patient with bilateral femoral supracondylar amputation and literature review]. / Manejo de fractura de cuello femoral en paciente con amputación supracondílea femoral bilateral y revisión de la literatura.

The treatment of a patient with amputation above the knee who has suffered a femoral neck fracture is a challenge for both the orthopedic surgeon and the rehabilitation team. We present a case, in which different difficulties are discussed in their treatment, choice of implant and return to their daily activities. The clinical case of a young man diagnosed with supracondylar bilateral traumatic amputation, with fracture of the femoral neck, treated by total non-cemented hip arthroplasty is presented. The functionality of the total hip prosthesis with Houghton scale after 12 months, obtaining a final score of 9 points which are the result of a satisfactory rehabilitation.

El tratamiento de un paciente con amputación supracondílea femoral bilateral, y que ha sufrido una fractura de cuello femoral, es un evento poco común tanto para el cirujano ortopédico como para el equipo de rehabilitación. Presentamos un caso, en el cual se discuten diferentes dificultades en su tratamiento, elección de implante y regreso a sus actividades diarias. Se trata de un joven con diagnóstico de amputación traumática bilateral supracondílea, con fractura de cuello femoral, tratado mediante artroplastía total de cadera primaria no cementada. La evaluación de la funcionalidad de la prótesis total de cadera con escala de Houghton fue al cabo de 12 meses, se obtuvo una puntuación final de 9 puntos, los cuales son el resultado de una rehabilitación satisfactoria.

Is a blood sample for hemoglobins in the transfusional range reliable? / ¿Es fiable una muestra de gasometría para hemoglobinas en rango transfusional?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation and agreement in our unit and population of hemoglobin in gasometry versus hematology analyzer, to evaluate errors in transfusion or lack thereof. RESULTS: strong association between Point-of-care (POC) and hematimetry, with P<.001, with a coefficient of determination r2 of 0.56, an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.63 and a Lin's concordance correlation coefficient of 0.65. For hemoglobins less than 7g/dL, a success rate of 29.41% was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Low-moderate agreement of POC hemoglobin with standard haemothymetry. High probability of errors in the indication of transfusion based on gasometer hemoglobins, especially in low hemoglobins.

Thermal diffusivity measurement in thin metallic filaments using the mirage method with multiple probe beams and a digital camera.

Photothermal beam deflection is a well-established technique for measuring thermal diffusivity. In this technique, a pump laser beam generates temperature variations on the surface of the sample to be studied. These variations transfer heat to the surrounding medium, which may be air or any other fluid. The medium in turn experiences a change in the refractive index, which will be proportional to the temperature field on the sample surface when the distance to this surface is small. A probe laser beam will suffer a deflection due to the refractive index periodical changes, which is usually monitored by means of a quadrant photodetector or a similar device aided by lock-in amplification. A linear relationship that arises in this technique is that given by the phase lag of the thermal wave as a function of the distance to a punctual heat source when unidimensional heat diffusion can be guaranteed. This relationship is useful in the calculation of the sample's thermal diffusivity, which can be obtained straightforwardly by the so-called slope method, if the pump beam modulation frequency is well-known. The measurement procedure requires the experimenter to displace the probe beam at a given distance from the heat source, measure the phase lag at that offset, and repeat this for as many points as desired. This process can be quite lengthy in dependence of the number points. In this paper, we propose a detection scheme, which overcomes this limitation and simplifies the experimental setup using a digital camera that substitutes all detection hardware utilizing motion detection techniques and software digital signal lock-in post-processing. In this work, the method is demonstrated using thin metallic filaments as samples.

Citorreduccion con quimioterapia / Citorreduction with chemotherapy

Hasta no hace mucho tiempo el cancer en la superficio peritoneal estaba asociado con un pesimo pronostico. Esta forma extrema de presentacion de algunos tumores de origen peritoneal, digestivo o ginecologico, que se diseminan por vía transcelomica, tenía terapias solamente paliativas. En la actualidad algunos pacientes con diseminacion peritoneal del cancer pueden beneficiarse de un tratamiento que asocia cirugia de citorreduccion y quimoterapia intraperitoneal para brindar una alternativa terapeutica que puede mejorar el tiempo de supervivencia y la calidad de vida de las personas. En este trabajo intento demostrar el desarrollo y propositos de una cirugía desafiante en lo que respecta a nuestro rol como instrumentadores, la citorreducción. La misma consiste en la reseccion de toda enfermedad macroscopica, la que es visible al ojo humano sin ayuda de microscopio y luego la deliminación de la enfermedad microscopica mediante la utilización intraperitoneal de farmacos quimioterapicos a alta temperatura. En la actualidad el Sanatorio Allende es el unico centro de salud de la provincia de Cordoba y unos pocos en el pais, que tiene un programa de estas caracteristicas.

Effect of Electrical Stimulation of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract on Electroencephalographic Spectral Power and the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Freely Moving Cats.

BACKGROUND: The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) plays a determinant role in the antiepileptic effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). One mechanism underlying the efficacy of VNS is the induction of cortical changes, detected by electroencephalogram (EEG), which can be mediated by the NTS through its projections to the cerebral nuclei responsible for modulating cortical activity. The effect of the electrical stimulation of the nucleus of the solitary tract (ENTS) on EEG activity and sleep states in freely moving animals is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the effects of ENTS on the EEG spectral power and sleep-wake cycle in freely moving cats. METHOD: EEG was performed on the left amygdala and both pre-frontal cortices for 23 hours under baseline conditions and with ENTS in freely moving cats. The changes induced by ENTS on the EEG spectral power and the architecture of the sleep-wake cycle were analyzed. RESULTS: ENTS increased the theta and beta band power for 12 hours. Furthermore, an increase in wakefulness occurred in the first six hours, followed by an increase in the total time of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. CONCLUSION: ENTS produces a long-lasting increase in the theta and beta band power, which favors wakefulness and REM sleep in freely moving cats.

Inducción de tolerancia en modelo de autotrasplante / Induction of tolerance in allogeneic transplant model

Introduction: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) involves the transplantation of complex anatomical structures including different kinds of tissue. The aim was to study the effect of a treatment with immature dendritic cells in a model of VCA. Materials and Methods: The rat hind limb allotransplantation model was used. Due to the high antigenic mistmatch Brown Norway rats were used as donors and Lewis rats as recipients. The bone marrow derived immature dendritic cells were cultured under GM-CSF stimuli and donor tissue. The rejection grade and the survival of the graft were assessed. Experimental groups: group I (n = 3): no treatment; Group II (n = 6): tacrolimus 10 mg/kg one day before the transplantation (day -1); Group III (n = 3): tacrolimus 10 mg/kg on day -1 and 6 mg/kg from day 0 to 14, plus intravenous saline infusion on days 7 and 14; Group IV (n = 3): tacrolimus 10 mg/kg on day -1 and 6 mg/kg from day 0 to 14, plus intravenous immature dendritic cells on days 7 and 14. Results: All 15 allografts developed rejection. The mean allograft survival was 14 days in group I, 15 days in group II, 34 days in group III and 58 days in groups IV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the rat hind limb allotransplantation model under tacrolimus monotherapy, the treatment with immature bone marrow derived dendritic cells pulsed with alloantigens increases the survival of the graft.

Introducción: El alotrasplante compuesto vascularizado (ACV) involucra el trasplante de estructuras anatómicas complejas que pueden contener distintos tipos de tejidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con células dendríticas inmaduras derivadas de médula ósea del receptor y cargadas con aloantígenos como potencial inductor de tolerancia en un modelo de ACV. Animales y Métodos: Para realizar el modelo de alotrasplante de extremidad posterior de la rata, se utilizaron como donantes ratas Brown Norway y como receptoras ratas Lewis. Las células dendríticas se diferenciaron a partir de precursores de médula ósea que se cargaron con lisado de tejido del donante. Grupos experimentales: Grupo I (n = 3): sin tratamiento; Grupo II (n = 6): tacrolimus 10 mg/kg vía oral el día previo al trasplante (día -1); Grupo III (n = 3): tacrolimus 10 mg/kg el día -1 y 6 mg/kg desde el día 0 al 14 post operatorio como mantención; Grupo IV (n = 3): mismo esquema de tacrolimus que grupo III, pero además infusión intravenosa de células dendríticas los días 7 y 14. Se evaluó la sobrevida de los implantes y el grado de rechazo. Resultados: Los 15 animales trasplantados presentaron rechazo. La sobrevida media del ACV fue de 14 días en el grupo I, 15 días en el grupo II, 34 días en el grupo III y 58 días en el grupo IV (p < 0,05). Conclusión: En un modelo de ACV bajo tratamiento con tacrolimus, la infusión de células dendríticas inmaduras derivadas de médula ósea y pulsadas con aloantígeno aumentan la sobrevida del implante.

Anti-epileptogenic effect of high-frequency stimulation in the thalamic reticular nucleus on PTZ-induced seizures.

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation, specifically high-frequency stimulation (HFS), is an alternative and promising treatment for intractable epilepsies; however, the optimal targets are still unknown. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) occupies a key position in the modulation of the cortico-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways. OBJECTIVE: We determined the efficacy of HFS in the TRN against tonic-clonic generalized seizures (TCGS) and status epilepticus (SE), which were induced by scheduled pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injections. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were stereotactically implanted and assigned to three experimental groups: Control group, which received only PTZ injections; HFS-TRN group, which received HFS in the left TRN prior to PTZ injections; and HFS-Adj group, which received HFS in the left adjacent nuclei prior to PTZ injections. RESULTS: The HFS-TRN group reported a significant increase in the latency for development of TCGS and SE compared with the HFS-Adj and Control groups (P < 0.009). The number of PTZ-doses required for SE was also significantly increased (P < 0.001). Spectral analysis revealed a significant decrease in the frequency band from 0.5 Hz to 4.5 Hz of the left motor cortex in the HFS-TRN and HFS-Adj groups, compared to the Control group. Conversely, HFS-TRN provoked a significant increase in all frequency bands in the TRN. EEG asynchrony was observed during spike-wave discharges by HFS-TRN. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that HFS-TRN has an anti-epileptogenic effect and is able to modify seizure synchrony and interrupt abnormal EEG recruitment of thalamo-cortical and, indirectly, cortico-thalamic pathways.

Falla cardíaca como manifestación temprana de hipertiroidismo neonatal: caso clínico / Heart failure as early manifestation of neonatal hyperthyroidism: case report

Introducción: Hipertiroidismo neonatal es una condición usualmente autolimitada, generalmente asociada al paso transplacentario de anticuerpos estimulantes de tiroides, secundario a enfermedades autoinmunes maternas. Detectar oportunamente a las madres con estos antecedentes, permitirá disminuir el riesgo de eventos adversos fetales. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de hipertiroidismo neonatal, asociado a falla cardíaca y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, Caso clínico: Recién nacido de 36 semanas, peso de nacimiento 1.240 g. Evolucionó con taquicardia, frialdad distal, exoftalmos, hepatomegalia y temblores. Ecocardiograma descartó alteración cardíaca estructural. Por hallazgos maternos sugerentes de hipertiroidismo, se realizaron exámenes encontrando TSH de 0,01 uUI/ml, T4 libre de 7,7 ng/dl, con lo que se confirmó el diagnóstico de hipertiroidismo neonatal. Se manejó con metimazol y propanolol con resolución de los síntomas y descenso de los niveles de T4 libre. Conclusiones: Conocer los antecedentes maternos permite identificar y manejar las complicaciones neonatales del hipertiroidismo. La falla cardíaca y otras alteraciones cardiopulmonares son los factores determinantes de la mortalidad en el período neonatal temprano. Debe haber un seguimiento a los recién nacidos de riesgo.

Neonatal hyperthyroidism is usually a self-limited condition frequently associated with transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating antibodies secondary to maternal autoimmune disorders. To timely detect mothers with this medical antecedents decreases the risk for fetal adverse events. Objective: To report a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism associated with intrauterine growth restriction and heart failure. Case report: A 36 week-old newborn with birth weight of 1,240 g. Symptoms were tachycardia, distal coldness, exophthalmos, hepatomegaly and tremors. Echocardiogram ruled out structural heart disorders. Due to maternal symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism, TSH tests were performed showing 0.01 ulU/ml, free T4 7.7 ng/dl, so the diagnosis of neonatal hyperthyroidism was confirmed. It was treated with methimazole and propanol, alleviating the symptoms and decreasing the levels of free T4. Conclusions: To know the maternal history helps identify and manage neonatal complications of hyperthyroidism. Heart failure and other cardiopulmonary disorders are determinants of mortality during early neonatal period. High-risk newborns should receive follow up assessments.

[Heart failure as early manifestation of neonatal hyperthyroidism. Case report]. / Falla cardíaca como manifestación temprana de hipertiroidismo neonatal. Caso clínico.

UNLABELLED: Neonatal hyperthyroidism is usually a self-limited condition frequently associated with transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating antibodies secondary to maternal autoimmune disorders. To timely detect mothers with this medical antecedents decreases the risk for fetal adverse events. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism associated with intrauterine growth restriction and heart failure. CASE REPORT: A 36 week-old newborn with birth weight of 1,240 g. Symptoms were tachycardia, distal coldness, exophthalmos, hepatomegaly and tremors. Echocardiogram ruled out structural heart disorders. Due to maternal symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism, TSH tests were performed showing 0.01 ulU/ml, free T4 7.7 ng/dl, so the diagnosis of neonatal hyperthyroidism was confirmed. It was treated with methimazole and propanol, alleviating the symptoms and decreasing the levels of free T4. CONCLUSIONS: To know the maternal history helps identify and manage neonatal complications of hyperthyroidism. Heart failure and other cardiopulmonary disorders are determinants of mortality during early neonatal period. High-risk newborns should receive follow up assessments.

Entrenamiento microquirúrgico básico para realizar un modelo animal de alotrasplante compuesto vascularizado / Basic microsurgical training for a vascularized composite allotransplantation animal model

Introduction: rat hind limb transplantation is a complex animal model of vascularized composite allo-transplantation (VCA). A basic microsurgical training is required prior to the implementation of this model. Aim: to propose a training program for the acquisition of basic skills to perform a microsurgical VCA model. Animals and Methods: the training program was conducted in two stages. First, at the dry lab, basic suturing skills with 9-0 to 11-0 nylon sutures were practiced, reproduced from surgical videos performed by experts. In a second stage, at the wet lab using 13 Lewis rats, 6 hind limb microsurgical dissections were performed and the important steps for transplantation were identified: 10 end to end femoral artery anastomoses with 10-0 nylon interrupted suture; 10 end to end femoral vein anastomoses with 10-0 nylon suture; 3 femoral vein interposition in the femoral artery; 6 end to end sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy; 4 femur osteosynthesis with 21g needle and wire cerclage. Anastomotic patency rate and anastomotic surgical time were recorded. Results: arterial and venous patency rate was 100 and 90 percent respectively. Surgical time decreased from 49 to 24 minutes on arterial anastomoses and from 55 to 25 minutes on venous anastomoses after completion of the training program. When a vein interposition was performed, an immediate patency rate of 100 percent was obtained. Conclusion: a successful staged training model of basic microsurgical skills was performed, in order to perform a VCA model.

Introducción: el trasplante de extremidad posterior de la rata es un modelo microquirúrgico de alotras-plante compuesto vascularizado (ACV), que requiere para su implementación de un entrenamiento microquirúrgico básico sistematizado. Objetivo: comunicar un modelo de entrenamiento microquirúrgico básico para adquirir las habilidades y destrezas que permitan realizar un modelo microquirúrgico de ACV Animales y Métodos: el entrenamiento se realizó en 2 etapas: la primera, en laboratorio en seco. A partir de vídeos de microcirugía, se practicó las destrezas para maniobrar suturas de nylon de 9-0 a 11-0. En la segunda etapa in vivo con animales, (13 ratas Lewis), se realizaron: 6 disecciones microquirúrgicas de extremidad posterior para reconocimiento de estructuras anatómicas; 10 anastomosis término-terminal (T-T) de arteria femoral con sutura interrumpida 10-0; 10 anastomosis T-T de vena femoral; 3 interposiciones de vena femoral en arteria femoral; 6 neurorrafias T-T de nervio ciático; 4 fijaciones óseas de fémur con aguja 21 g y cerclaje con alambre. Se evaluó la permeabilidad de las anastomosis y los tiempos quirúrgicos. Resultados: anastomosis arteriales: la permeabilidad inmediata fue de un 100 por ciento. Los tiempos de anastomosis disminuyeron de 49 a 24 min con el entrenamiento. Anastomosis venosas: la permeabilidad inmediata fue de un 90 por ciento. Los tiempos de anastomosis disminuyeron paulatinamente de 55 a 25 min. Interposiciones venosas: se logró una permeabilidad de 100 por ciento. Conclusión: una estrategia de entrenamiento por etapas, es una forma factible de entrenamiento en microcirugía. Este entrenamiento permite obtener una aceptable permeabilidad anastomótica, paso crítico para realizar modelos de ACV.