RESUMEN
Multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (MRT-PCR) using blood can improve the diagnosis of intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC). We prospectively studied 39 patients with suspected IAC in the absence of previous antifungal therapy. Blood cultures, MRT-PCR, and ß-D-glucan (BDG) in serum were performed in all patients. IAC was defined according to the 2013 European Consensus criteria. For MRT-PCR, the probes targeted the ITS1 or ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA. Candidaemia was confirmed only in four patients (10%), and IAC criteria were present in 17 patients (43.6%). The sensitivity of MRT-PCR was 25% but increased to 63.6% (P = .06) in plasma obtained prior to volume overload and transfusion; specificity was above 85% in all cases. BDG performance was improved using a cutoff > 260 pg/ml, and improvement was not observed in samples obtained before transfusion. In this cohort of high risk of IAC and low rate of bloodstream infection, the performance of non-culture-based methods (MRT-PCR or BDG) was moderate but may be a complementary tool given the limitations of diagnostic methods available in clinical practice. Volume overload requirements, in combination with other factors, decrease the accuracy of MRT-PCR in patients with IAC.
Asunto(s)
Candidiasis Invasiva/sangre , Candidiasis Invasiva/diagnóstico , Infecciones Intraabdominales/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex , beta-Glucanos/sangre , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Sondas de ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones Intraabdominales/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Occupational health in Guatemala has come a long way. In 1958, the first Regulation of Occupational Health by the Guatemalan Social Security Institute was published. There wasn´t another Directive in the country regarding this issue until the year 2000, when the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health was created. In 2014, it published the Governmental Agreement 229-2014 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, which came into force on September 8th, 2015. Nowadays there are other institutions that care about this topic. Some of these institutions promote occupational health training through courses, workshops, seminars, etc., but there is not a formal education program yet. There are some other institutions, such as the National Institute of Statistics, which generates information concerning employment, unemployment, characteristics, composition, structure, and functioning of the labor market through surveys. And finally, there are other institutions like the Health, Labor and Environment Program of Central America SALTRA, which promotes investigation in this topic, generates information as well as endorses training regarding occupational safety as an important issue in the country.
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Academias e Institutos/historia , Agencias Gubernamentales/historia , Salud Laboral/historia , Academias e Institutos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gobierno Federal , Agencias Gubernamentales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Guatemala , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Salud Laboral/educación , Salud Laboral/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Laboral/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous closure of paravalvular leak (PVL) has emerged as an alternative treatment. Predictors of survival and procedural success are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To review our experience in the treatment of PVL and evaluate efficacy, mortality, predictors of success, and outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective review of percutaneous PVL procedures between years 2008 and 2014. Survival and results were compared with a control cohort of surgical patients. RESULTS: Percutaneous closure was attempted in 51 patients. The surgical group had 36 patients. Defects were perimitral in 67 patients (77%). Mean follow-up (FU) was 784.5 days. After propensity score analysis in-hospital mortality was higher in the surgical group (30.6% vs. 9.8%, OR 6, P 0.01). Clinical improvement was higher in the percutaneous group (71.4% vs. 36.4%, P 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed normal creatinine (OR 15, P < 0.001) as independent predictor of clinical improvement. For the composite end-point of all-cause mortality or readmission, older age (OR 10.7, P 0.001), renal failure, (OR 18, P < 0.01), poor functional class and the absence of clinical improvement (OR 3.9, P < 0.001) were related with a higher risk. There were no differences in survival free from the composite end-point according to the treatment received (surgical or percutaneous). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous PVL closure has a reasonable rate of success and low complication rates, and results compare favorably with surgical treatment. Older patients and those with poor functional class or renal failure (RF) showed a worse prognosis even after a successful closure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/instrumentación , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Falla de Prótesis , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/mortalidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/mortalidad , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Readmisión del Paciente , Diseño de Prótesis , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , España , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The introduction of biocompatible coatings onto nanoparticle surfaces can be synthetically challenging. In this work, calcium phosphate (brushite, CaHPO4â 2H2O), iron oxide (hematite, α-Fe2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and CaHPO4@ZnO and α-Fe2O3@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized and treated with the biocompatible, biodegradable, polysaccharide inulin {(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3,4-triol} under mild conditions. The products were fully characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface interactions among hematite and brushite with inulin are weak, but coating the nanoparticle surface with ZnO increased the affinity toward the polysaccharide. Inulin adsorption on the nanoparticle surface was confirmed by thermal and spectroscopic analyses. The nanoparticles had diameters ranging from 50 to 80nm, with nearly spherical morphology. The nanoparticles sizes, stability and solubility in water could make them useful as components for enriched foods.
Asunto(s)
Fosfatos de Calcio/química , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/química , Compuestos Férricos/química , Inulina/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Óxido de Zinc/química , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles , Alimentos Fortificados , Humanos , Luz , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Nanopartículas/química , Nanotecnología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polisacáridos/química , Unión Proteica , Dispersión de Radiación , Espectrofotometría , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Propiedades de Superficie , Temperatura , Termogravimetría , Agua/química , Difracción de Rayos XAsunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Pierna , Sarcoma de Kaposi/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Timolol/administración & dosificación , Administración Cutánea , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate the bacteriostatic in vitro effect of pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP), pure platelet-rich gel (P-PRG), leukocyte-poor gel (LPG), platelet-poor plasma (PPP), and heat inactivated plasma (IP) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) over a period of 24 hours. 2) To determine the degradation of platelet factor-4 (PF-4), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), and platelet-derived growth factor isoform BB (PDGF-BB) in these equine blood components. 3) To establish correlations between platelet and leukocyte counts, PF-4 concentrations, and MSSA growth. METHODS: Fourteen horses were used. Blood components were obtained by a manual protocol. Every blood component was mixed with MSSA and Müller-Hinton Broth and cultured at 37°C for 24 hours. Samples for the determination of bacterial growth (colony-forming units) and PF-4, TGF-ß1 and PDGF-BB concentrations were taken at one, four, eight, 12 and 24 hours. RESULTS: The bacterial growth was significantly (p = 0.01) inhibited for P-PRP, P-PRG, LPG and PPP in comparison with IP and, the positive control group during the first 12 hours. The P-PRG had higher and sustained TGF-ß1 and PDGF-BB concentrations over time in comparison with the other blood components. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The plasma complement could be one of the most responsible components of the in vitro bacteriostatic effect of P-PRP, P-PRG, LPG and PPP against MSSA. Additionally, P-PRG was the better biomaterial because it had an acceptable bacteriostatic effect and the highest concentration of growth factors.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Caballos/sangre , Meticilina/farmacología , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , MasculinoRESUMEN
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar especies o genotipos del protozoario parásito Cryptosporidium presentes en heces colectadas de terneros Holstein del municipio de Manizales, Departamento de Caldas, Colombia. El ADN fue extraído a 80 muestras de materia fecal, de las cuales 11 fueron diagnosticadas positivas para Cryptosporidium spp., mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). El análisis PCR-RFLP del locus 18S ADNr, identificó la presencia de Cryptosporidium parvum en todas las muestras positivas analizadas. Este hallazgo sugiere que el ganado puede ser una fuente potencial de infección por Cryptosporidium en humanos y se constituye en el primer reporte publicado de C. parvum en bovinos de Manizales, Caldas.
The objective of this study was to identify species or genotypes of Cryptosporidium parasite present in feces collected from Holstein calves in Manizales city, Caldas Department, Colombia. DNA was extracted from 80 fecal samples, which 11 were diagnosed positive for Cryptosporidium spp., by the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. PCR-RFLP analysis of 18S rDNA locus identified the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum in all samples tested positive. This finding suggests that cattle may be a potential source of human infection by Cryptosporidium, and it becomes the first published report of C. parvum in cattle in Manizales, Caldas.
RESUMEN
A UV-Vis spectrophotometric method was developed as a preliminary approach to the determination of antimony in water samples from a river that flows very close to an abandoned mining site. The analyte is complexed with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and absorbance of the complex is measured at 291.06 nm. The standard additions method is mandatory in view of the matrix effect observed, and the response is linear at least up to 9.3 microg/mL of antimony. The sensitivity of the method is 2.609 x 10(-2) mL/microg, whereas the limits of detection and quantification are, respectively, 0.2 and 0.6 microg/mL. The repeatability, expressed as mean relative standard deviation of the measurements within the calibration range, is 2.0%, whereas the repeatability of the entire procedure is 0.3%. The mean analytical recovery within the calibration range was 102.6%. The method was successfully applied to river water samples.
Asunto(s)
Antimonio/química , Minería , Ríos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , España , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta/métodosRESUMEN
The clinical presentation and outcome of candidemia has changed in recent years. We compared two 5-year periods (2000-2004 and 2005-2009) in a single institution. We recorded 419 candidemia episodes during the study period (124 in the first period and 295 in the second period). We observed a significant increase in the number of cases per 1000 admissions per year, from 0.57 in 2000 to 1.52 in 2009 (χ(2) LT <0.001). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species (42.2%), followed by Candida parapsilosis (34.4%) and Candida glabrata (12.9%). In the second period, episodes were associated with higher comorbidity and were more commonly nosocomial, with a more frequent catheter-related source and an increased rate of C. glabrata infection. No significant differences were observed in susceptibility by species during the study period. According to multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with higher mortality were shock, age >50 years, elevated comorbidity score (Charlson index >6), and source of candidemia other than catheter. In contrast to the increase in comorbid conditions observed in recent years, mortality remained similar during both periods (~37% during the first month). This finding could be attributed to a significant increase in catheter-related candidemia and better outcome, as well as to a potential improvement in the management of antifungal therapy in recent years.
Asunto(s)
Candidemia/epidemiología , Candidemia/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Candida/clasificación , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidemia/microbiología , Candidemia/patología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/epidemiología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/microbiología , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/mortalidad , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/patología , Comorbilidad , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/mortalidad , Infección Hospitalaria/patología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/etiología , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/complicaciones , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/fisiopatología , Adulto , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/diagnóstico , Síndrome Cardiorrenal/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/fisiopatología , UltrasonografíaAsunto(s)
Celulitis (Flemón)/etiología , Criptococosis/diagnóstico , Dermatomicosis/diagnóstico , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Anciano , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Celulitis (Flemón)/microbiología , Celulitis (Flemón)/patología , Criptococosis/complicaciones , Criptococosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomicosis/complicaciones , Dermatomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomicosis/microbiología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Fungemia/complicaciones , Fungemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Heparina de Bajo-Peso-Molecular/uso terapéutico , Hepatitis Autoinmune/complicaciones , Hepatitis Autoinmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Autoinmune/inmunología , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Cirrosis Hepática/inmunología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/microbiología , Necrosis , Prednisona/efectos adversos , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Radiografía , Trombofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombofilia/etiologíaRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is a growing interest in the use of autologous platelet concentrates (PCs) as treatment for chronic musculoskeletal diseases in horses. However, there is no information on the risk of bacterial contamination during their preparation. OBJECTIVES: To: 1) assess the risk of bacterial contamination in equine PCs obtained by the tube method under 3 technical conditions: a) in a laminar flow cabinet, in a clean laboratory environment both with (b) and without (c) Bunsen burner; 2) identify the critical points of the process of PCs preparation with risk of bacterial contamination; and 3) identify the potential bacterial contaminants in the process and their antibiotic susceptibility. METHODS: Bacteriological samples were taken from: the skin (shaved or unshaved) of the venipuncture site in 15 horses, both before and after being disinfected; hands and throat of the operator; caps of the tubes where the blood was processed; environment where the equine blood samples were collected; laboratory environment; laminar flow cabinet; bacteriological stove; and PCs obtained under 3 technical conditions. RESULTS: Bacteria were isolated from nonaseptically prepared equine skin, hands and throat of the operator, and the place where the blood samples were taken. Bacteria were not isolated from tube caps, laboratory environment, laminar flow cabinet or PCs. The isolated bacteria were normal biota from equine skin, human skin and throat, and environmental contaminants. Of the isolated bacteria, 23% were resistant to penicillin, 19% to ampicillin, 2.12% to ceftiofur, 3.2% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and 1.1% to enrofloxacin. Resistance to amikacin and gentamicin was not seen. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Uncontaminated PCs can be obtained by the tube method in a clean laboratory environment without the need for either a laminar flow cabinet or a Bunsen burner. It is mandatory to perform the procedure following strict aseptic technique.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/microbiología , Conservación de la Sangre/veterinaria , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/veterinaria , Caballos/sangre , Animales , Conservación de la Sangre/métodos , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/métodos , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a severe congenital disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by vesical distension and intestinal hypoperistalsis what causes intestinal obstruction in newborn, with other abnormalities associated. It presents a low incidence, about a hundred cases are reported in the bibliography. Life expectancy doesn't reach a year because of the sepsis failure generally. In our study the survival is higher than the majority of the cases reported, with good cuality of life and acceptable ponderal development. Home parenteral nutrition with the following and multidisciplinary collaboration in a strict way, establish the success' key in this pathology.
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Anomalías Múltiples , Colon/anomalías , Peristaltismo , Vejiga Urinaria/anomalías , Anomalías Múltiples/terapia , Factores de Edad , Preescolar , Humanos , Masculino , Nutrición Parenteral en el Domicilio , Calidad de Vida , Sobrevida , Síndrome , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Correo Electrónico/estadística & datos numéricos , Sistemas de Comunicación en Hospital/organización & administración , Internet , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Sistemas de Comunicación en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Servicio de Farmacia en Hospital/organización & administración , España , TeléfonoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The quality of information gathered from homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPTs), also known as 'provings', is fundamental to homeopathy. We systematically reviewed HPTs published in six languages (English, German, Spanish, French, Portuguese and Dutch) from 1945 to 1995, to assess their quality in terms of the validity of the information they provide. METHODS: The literature was comprehensively searched, only published reports of HPTs were included. Information was extracted by two reviewers per trial using a form with 87 items. Information on: medicines, volunteers, ethical aspects, blinding, randomization, use of placebo, adverse effects, assessments, presentation of data and number of claimed findings were recorded. Methodological quality was assessed by an index including indicators of internal and external validity, personal judgement and comments of reviewers for each study. RESULTS: 156 HPTs on 143 medicines, involving 2815 volunteers, produced 20,538 pathogenetic effects (median 6.5 per volunteer). There was wide variation in methods and results. Sample size (median 15, range 1-103) and trial duration (mean 34 days) were very variable. Most studies had design flaws, particularly absence of proper randomization, blinding, placebo control and criteria for analysis of outcomes. Mean methodological score was 5.6 (range 4-16). More symptoms were reported from HPTs of poor quality than from better ones. In 56% of trials volunteers took placebo. Pathogenetic effects were claimed in 98% of publications. On average about 84% of volunteers receiving active treatment developed symptoms. The quality of reports was in general poor, and much important information was not available. CONCLUSIONS: The HPTs were generally of low methodological quality. There is a high incidence of pathogenetic effects in publications and volunteers but this could be attributable to design flaws. Homeopathic medicines, tested in HPTs, appear safe. The central question of whether homeopathic medicines in high dilutions can provoke effects in healthy volunteers has not yet been definitively answered, because of methodological weaknesses of the reports. Improvement of the method and reporting of results of HPTs are required. REFERENCES: References to all included RCTs are available on-line at.
Asunto(s)
Homeopatía/organización & administración , Materia Medica/uso terapéutico , Proyectos de Investigación/normas , Evaluación de la Tecnología Biomédica , Homeopatía/normas , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
In this article, the separation and the purification of the acrylic acid produced from renewable sugars were studied using the liquid-liquid extraction process. Nonrandom two-liquids and universal quasi-chemical models and the prediction method universal quasi-chemical functional activity coefficients were used for generating liquid-liquid equilibrium diagrams for systems made up of acrylic acid, water, and solvents (diisopropyl ether, isopropyl acetate, 2-ethyl hexanol, and methyl isobutyl ketone) and the results were compared with available liquid-liquid equilibrium experimental data. Aspen Plus (Aspen Technology, Inc., version 2004.1) software was used for equilibrium and process calculations. High concentration of acrylic acid was obtained in this article using diisopropyl ether as solvent.
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Acrilatos/química , Acrilatos/aislamiento & purificación , Carbohidratos/química , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Modelos Químicos , Simulación por Computador , SolucionesRESUMEN
36 episodes (25 nosocomial and 11 community-acquired) of infections caused by Hafnia alvei showed that this bacterium is responsible for serious infections in adults, specially in hospitalized patients with underlying chronic diseases, subjected to invasive procedures or even under antibiotic treatment.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Hafnia alvei , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/epidemiología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Femenino , Hafnia alvei/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: The objective of the present study was to determine the potential of promoter sequences from the cfp gene of Neurospora crassa to drive the expression of transgenes in filamentous fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS: Northern blot analyses showed that the mRNA levels of cfp were rapidly modified in response to either inducing or repressing culture conditions. The hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (eth-1) genes were fused to a minimal cfp promoter fragment (Pcfp) and used as reporter genes. These constructs were highly expressed in transformant N. crassa strains grown in media containing glucose or sucrose and repressed in media containing ethanol or ethanol plus glucose. A gene fusion of the cfp promoter to the beta-glucuronidase gene (cfp-uidA) showed identical patterns of expression in the heterologous filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the levels of expression of the native cfp gene, as well as reporter genes driven by cfp promoter sequences, can be rapidly modified in response to different carbon sources. These modified levels of expression are maintained by continuous growth in the presence of the corresponding carbon source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: We propose that the cfp promoter can be used to control the expression of transgenes in filamentous fungi in a carbon source-dependent fashion.
Asunto(s)
Aspergillus nidulans/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/genética , Neurospora crassa/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Piruvato Descarboxilasa/genética , Fusión Artificial Génica , Secuencia de Bases , Carbono/farmacología , Medios de Cultivo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Genes Fúngicos , Genes Reporteros , Glucólisis/genética , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Piruvato Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , TransgenesRESUMEN
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a sophisticated procedure used in the treatment of solid tumors, haematological diseases and autoimmune disorders, which were characterized by an extremely poor prognosis only a few years earlier. Thousands of patients receive high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy around the world every year in order to treat these diseases. Therapy can induce aggressive changes associated with multiple organ failure, which is usually reversible, that can lead to special nutritional and metabolic conditions. Artificial nutrition, total parenteral nutrition in particular, is provided to patients undergoing HSCT to help minimize nutritional consequences of both conditioning regimens (mucositis, malabsorption, etc.) as well as complications resulting from the procedure (graft versus host disease, venoocclusive disease of the liver). This study reviews published guidelines for the use of parenteral nutrition in HSCT and includes important aspects for nutritional support in children, including controversy on potential benefits of special nutrients (glutamine, antioxidants, etc.) and furthermore discusses future trends. This paper also addresses the pharmacists role and the necessity for multidisciplinary teams to develop specific protocols.
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Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Trastornos Nutricionales/terapia , Nutrición Parenteral/métodos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Trastornos Nutricionales/etiologíaRESUMEN
DISMOL simulator was used to determine the best possible operating conditions to guide, in future studies, experimental works. This simulator needs several physical-chemical properties and often it is very difficult to determine them because of the complexity of the involved components. Their determinations must be made through correlations and/or predictions, in order to characterize the system and calculate it. The first try is to have simulation results of a system that later can be validated with experimental data. To implement, in the simulator, the necessary parameters of complex systems is a difficult task. In this work, we aimed to determe these properties in order to evaluate the tocopherol (vitamin E) recovery using a DISMOL simulator. The raw material used was the crude deodorizer distillate of soya oil. With this procedure, it is possible to determine the best operating conditions for experimental works and to evaluate the process in the separation of new systems, analyzing the profiles obtained from these simulations for the falling film molecular distillator.