RESUMEN
The article is an up-to-date of the principles of spectacles prescription in children, based upon the published guidelines and personal experience. The prescribing of spectacles for children is different from that for adults because of the unique morphological and functional characteristics of the children's eye. Most of the recommendations for refractive errors correction are based on clinical consensus (experience) rather than populational studies (evidence). This explains the great variability of the indications for refractive errors correction in children.
Asunto(s)
Anteojos , Errores de Refracción/terapia , Astigmatismo/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Hiperopía/terapia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Miopía/terapia , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
Rhinoethmoiditis at newborn is rare. Possible complications include orbital abscess, orbital cellulitis, intracranial complications. Inflammation with orbital and periorbital acute onset at newborn present to clinician as therapeutical dilemma. Pathogenic links which involve this process began from cellulitis to orbital abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, cerebral abscess, meningitis. We present 2 cases of rhinoethmoiditis at newborn with orbital cellulitis, with the main differential diagnostic problems and therapeutical options.
Asunto(s)
Sinusitis del Etmoides/microbiología , Celulitis Orbitaria/microbiología , Rinitis/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad Aguda , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Drenaje , Sinusitis del Etmoides/diagnóstico , Sinusitis del Etmoides/terapia , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Celulitis Orbitaria/diagnóstico , Celulitis Orbitaria/terapia , Rinitis/diagnóstico , Rinitis/terapia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD) is one of the four components of the dissociated strabismus complex which also includes dissociated vertical deviation, dissociated torsional deviation and manifest-latent or latent nystagmus. These dissociated deviations may co-exist with concomitant strabismus (exotropia, esotropia, hyperopia). Sometimes it is difficult to make the difference between dissociated and non-dissociated component of the deviation. We report 3 cases of strabismus and DHD with special emphasis on the diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic possibility. A careful clinical examination with additional measurement tests makes the difference between DHD and associated tropias. The reversed fixation test is a decisive test for the diagnosis of DHD. The therapeutic approach depends on the type of DHD (uni or bilateral, latent or manifest), the magnitude of the deviation, the fixation behavior and the association of the DHD with exotropia, esotropia or orthotropia.