RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A high proportion of health professionals in training suffer from work-related stress and may develop a burnout syndrome. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of burnout after the first year of residency in a teaching hospital and to identify baseline psychological, psychosocial work conditions, and biological risk factors. METHODOLOGY: We assessed the following in a prospective cohort of residents at baseline (first month residence) and after 1 year: background factors (socio-demographics, psychiatric history), perceived stress score (Perceived Stress Scale), Maslach Burnout Inventory score, and psychosocial factors (Job Content Questionnaire). Blood samples were obtained to study serum cortisol, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations. The cumulative incidence was modelled by multivariate log-binomial regression analysis. RESULTS: We included 71 participants with a female majority (64.8%), age 26.4 (2.65) years, psychiatric history in 20%, and burnout in 13%. Among those without burnout initially (N = 59), it had developed by 1 year in 22% of residents. Increased job demand (RR = 1.259, 95%CI = 1.019-1.556, p = 0.033) and decreased cortisol levels (RR = 0.877, 95%CI = 0.778-0.989, p = 0.032) predicted burnout after 1 year of residency among medical trainees. CONCLUSION: Burnout syndrome develops in 22% of residents by 1 year of training and can be predicted by increased work demands and decreased cortisol levels.