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The frequency of cardiac amyloidosis potentially present in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of cardiac amyloidosis latent in AF by performing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients scheduled for AF ablation. We retrospectively analyzed 193 consecutive patients who underwent CA and cardiac MRI for atrial fibrillation. The primary endpoint of the study was the frequency of histologically confirmed cardiac amyloidosis or suspected cardiac amyloidosis [positive imaging findings on cardiac MRI strongly suspecting cardiac amyloidosis (diffuse subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement or MRI-derived extracellular volume of > 0.40)]. Among the 193 patients, 8 were confirmed or suspected cases of cardiac amyloidosis, representing a frequency of 4% (8/193 patients). Multivariate analysis identified interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole (LVSd) as an independent and significant predictor of cardiac amyloidosis (OR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.12-2.87, p = 0.020).The optimal cut-off value for IVSd was determined to be > 12.9 mm based on the Youden index. At this cut-off, the sensitivity was 75.0% (95% CI 34.9-96.8%) and the specificity was 92.3% (95% CI 87.4-95.7%), allowing for the identification of patients with definite or suspected cardiac amyloidosis. The frequency of confirmed and suspected cases of cardiac amyloidosis among patients with an IVSd > 12.9 mm was 30% (6/20 patients). In addition, prevalence of biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis was 10% (2/20). The prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis in atrial fibrillation patients scheduled for ablation with cardiac hypertrophy is not negligible.
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BACKGROUND: This prospective multicenter study assessed the prevalence of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).MethodsâandâResults: We prospectively screened 505 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease from 7 hospitals in Japan. Of these patients, 31 (mean [±SD] age 63.5±10.4 years, 23 [74%] male) suspected of myocardial injury, based on elevated serum troponin or B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations either upon admission or 3 months after discharge, underwent CMR 3 months after discharge. The primary endpoint was the presence of myocardial injury, defined by any of the following: (1) contrast enhancement in the left or right ventricle myocardium on late gadolinium enhancement CMR; (2) left or right ventricular dysfunction (defined as <50% and <45%, respectively); and (3) pericardial thickening on contrast enhancement. The mean (±SD) duration between diagnosis and CMR was 117±16 days. The primary endpoint was observed in 13 of 31 individuals (42%), with 8 (26%) satisfying the modified Lake Louise Criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high incidence of myocardial injury identified by CMR in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 and abnormal findings for cardiac biomarkers.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the clinical utility of anomalous discoveries on cardiac magnetic resonance, particularly the right ventricular extracellular volume (RV-ECV), among individuals who underwent surgical repair for Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane advanced search, and EMBASE. Our analysis involved a comparison of ECV levels between rTOF patients and controls, as well as an evaluation of the predictive value of ECV for future adverse events. RESULTS: We identified 16 eligible studies that encompassed 856 rTOF patients and 283 controls. Our meta-analysis showed a significant increase in LV-ECV among rTOF patients compared to control subjects (MD = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.35 to 3.90, p < 0.0001, I2 = 86%, p for heterogeneity < 0.00001). Moreover, RV-ECV was found to be substantially higher in patients compared to LV-ECV. Our meta-analysis also revealed a significant association between RV-ECV and adverse events (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.62), while LV-ECV did not show any significant association with adverse events (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.36, p = 0.16, I2 = 0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.46). CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis on RV-ECV confirmed the presence of RV fibrosis as one of the prognostic factors in rTOF patients.
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Tetralogía de Fallot , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha , Humanos , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugía , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética/métodos , Volumen Sistólico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Fibrosis , Función Ventricular DerechaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is considered an essential pathophysiology in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the frequency and prognostic impact of MVD are not fully understood. This meta-analysis evaluated the frequency of MVD in patients with HFpEF and its utility in risk stratification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On May 26, 2022, a literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, and Embase using the search terms such as "Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction," "HFpEF," "microvascular dysfunction," and "MVD." The prevalence of MVD in patients with HFpEF was calculated using the general inverse variance method. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the association between MVD and prognosis in patients with HFpEF. RESULTS: Data pertaining to a total of 941 patients diagnosed with HFpEF were extracted from the collective pool of 9 studies. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the frequency of MVD among patients with HFpEF was found to be 55.5% (95% CI: 34.8%-76.2%), with a substantial degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 98%, p for heterogeneity <.001). Among the five studies that provided data on the association between MVD and prognosis, a significant statistical association was observed in four of them. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis revealed that approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with HFpEF exhibited MVD. Moreover, the presence of MVD demonstrated significant prognostic implications in multiple studies conducted on patients with HFpEF. These findings strongly suggest that MVD plays a crucial role in the underlying pathophysiology of patients with HFpEF.
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Vasos Coronarios , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Microvasos , Enfermedades Vasculares , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Pronóstico , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Enfermedades Vasculares/fisiopatología , Microvasos/fisiopatología , Vasos Coronarios/fisiopatología , Circulación Coronaria/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively investigate the diagnostic ability of 1.5 T and 3.0 T whole heart coronary angiography (WHCA) to detect significant coronary artery disease (CAD) on X-ray coronary angiography. METHODS: A literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane advanced search, and EMBASE, was performed to retrieve and integrate articles showing significant CAD detectability of 1.5 and 3.0 T WHCA. RESULTS: Data from 1899 patients from 34 studies were included in the meta-analysis. 1.5 T WHCA had a summary area under ROC of 0.88 in the patient-based analysis, 0.90 in the vessel-based analysis, and 0.92 in the segment-based analysis. These values for 3.0 T WHCA were 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, respectively. Contrast-enhanced 3.0 T WHCA had significantly higher specificity than non-contrast-enhanced 1.5 T WHCA on a patient-based analysis (0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.92 vs. 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.82, P = 0.02). There were no differences in diagnostic performance on a patient-based analysis by use of vasodilators, beta-blockers or between Asian and Western countries. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of WHCA was deemed satisfactory, with contrast-enhanced 3.0 T WHCA exhibiting higher specificity compared to non-contrast-enhanced 1.5 T WHCA in a patient-based analysis. There were no significant differences in diagnostic performance on a patient-based analysis in terms of vasodilator or beta-blocker use, nor between Asian and Western countries. However, further large-scale multicentre studies are crucial for the widespread global adoption of WHCA.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Corazón , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , VasodilatadoresRESUMEN
We present the case of a 65-year-old male with multivessel coronary spasm presumably related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Acetylcholine coronary angiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were used for the diagnosis. As the precise pathophysiology of myocardial injury by COVID-19 remains unclear, the multimodality approach may contribute to the accurate diagnosis. Learning objective: Myocardial involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is related to various pathologies. It is important to evaluate the degrees of cardiac damage and make a diagnosis by multimodality imaging especially with cardiac magnetic resonance.
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BACKGROUND: Phase-contrast cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of the coronary sinus has emerged as a non-invasive method for measuring coronary sinus blood flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR). However, its clinical utility has not yet been established. Here we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the clinical value of CMR-derived CFR in various cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: An electronic database search was performed of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Advanced Search, and EMBASE. We compared the CMR-derived CFR of various cardiovascular diseases (stable coronary artery disease [CAD], hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM], dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM]) and control subjects. We assessed the prognostic value of CMR-derived CFR for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with stable CAD. RESULTS: A total of 47 eligible studies were identified. The pooled CFR from our meta-analysis was 3.48 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98-3.98) in control subjects, 2.50 (95% CI, 2.38-2.61) in stable CAD, 2.01 (95% CI, 1.70-2.32) in cardiomyopathies (HCM and DCM). The meta-analysis showed that CFR was significantly reduced in stable CAD (mean difference [MD] = -1.48; 95% CI, -1.78 to -1.17; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity = 0.33), HCM (MD = -1.20; 95% CI, -1.63 to -0.77; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity = 0.49), and DCM (MD = -1.53; 95% CI, -1.93 to -1.13; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity = 0.45). CMR-derived CFR was an independent predictor of MACE for patients with stable CAD (hazard ratio = 0.52 per unit increase; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73; p < 0.001; I2 = 84%, p for heterogeneity < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CMR-derived CFR was significantly decreased in cardiovascular diseases, and a decreased CFR was associated with a higher occurrence of MACE in patients with stable CAD. These results suggest that CMR-derived CFR has potential for the pathological evaluation of stable CAD, cardiomyopathy, and risk stratification in CAD.
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Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica , Sistema Cardiovascular , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Seno Coronario , Humanos , Seno Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The previous study has shown that the contrast defect of the left atrial appendage (LAA) on contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CT) is associated with a higher rate of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to investigate the association between LAA CT contrast defect and the risk of arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation (CA) in patients with paroxysmal AF. A total of 283 paroxysmal AF patients [age: 67 ± 10 years, 185 (65%) males] who underwent cardiac CT before CA were retrospectively analyzed. The presence or absence of LAA CT contrast defect was visually assessed using early phase CT images. Recurrence was an episode of atrial arrhythmia beyond the first 90 days post-ablation. LAA flow velocity was measured using transesophageal echocardiography in 246 paroxysmal AF patients. Sixty-eight (24%) patients had an LAA CT contrast defect. LAA flow velocity was significantly reduced in patients with LAA CT defect compared to those without (56.8 ± 28.7 cm/s vs. 41.1 ± 19.1 cm/s, p < 0.001). During a median follow-up period of 858 days, arrhythmia recurrence was identified in 85 (30%) patients. On a Kaplan Meier curve, patients with LAA CT contrast defect had significantly higher recurrence rates than those without (p = 0.043). On a multivariable Cox regression analysis, LAA CT contrast defect was a significant and independent predictor after adjustment of age, sex and left atrial volume index (hazard ratio: 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.07, p = 0.036). LAA CT contrast defect was associated with decreased LAA flow velocity and a higher rate of arrhythmia recurrence after CA, suggesting its usefulness as a non-invasive predictor for high-risk AF patients resistant to CA therapy.
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Apéndice Atrial , Fibrilación Atrial , Ablación por Catéter , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Apéndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Ablación por Catéter/efectos adversos , Ablación por Catéter/métodosRESUMEN
Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows for the non-invasive quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Texture analysis and machine learning are now gathering attention in the medical field to exploit the ability of diagnostic imaging for various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of texture analysis of ECV and machine learning for predicting response to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). A total of one-hundred and fourteen NIDCM patients [age: 63 ± 12 years, 91 (81%) males] were retrospectively analyzed. We performed texture analysis of ECV mapping of LV myocardium using dedicated software. We calculated nine histogram-based features (mean, standard deviation, maximum, minimum, etc.) and five gray-level co-occurrence matrices. Five machine learning techniques and the fivefold cross-validation method were used to develop prediction models for LVRR by GDMT based on 14 texture parameters on ECV mapping. We defined the LVRR as follows: LVEF increased ≥ 10% points and decreased LVEDV ≥ 10% on echocardiography after GDMT > 12 months. Fifty (44%) patients were classified as non-responders. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for predicting non-responder was 0.82 for eXtreme Gradient Boosting, 0.85 for support vector machine, 0.76 for multi-layer perception, 0.81 for Naïve Bayes, 0.77 for logistic regression, respectively. Mean ECV value was the most critical factor among texture features for differentiating NIDCM patients with LVRR and those without (0.28 ± 0.03 vs. 0.36 ± 0.06, p < 0.001). Machine learning analysis using the support vector machine may be helpful in detecting high-risk NIDCM patients resistant to GDMT. Mean ECV is the most crucial feature among texture features.
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Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Teorema de Bayes , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Miocardio/patología , Fibrosis , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética/métodos , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Remodelación Ventricular , Medios de ContrasteRESUMEN
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to evaluate the prevalence of cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19 using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A literature review was performed to investigate the left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF), the prevalence of LV late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), pericardial enhancement, abnormality on T1 mapping, and T2 mapping/T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and myocarditis (defined by modified Lake Louis criteria). Pooled mean differences (MD) between COVID-19 patients and controls for LVEF and RVEF were estimated using random-effects models. We included data from 10.462 patients with COVID-19, comprising 1.010 non-athletes and 9.452 athletes from 29 eligible studies. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference between COVID-19 patients and controls in terms of LVEF [MD = - 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 5.11 to - 0.56, p < 0.001] and RVEF (MD = - 2.69%, 95% CI - 4.41 to - 1.27, p < 0.001). However, in athletes, no significant difference was identified in LVEF (MD = - 0.74%, 95% CI - 2.41 to - 0.93, p = 0.39) or RVEF (MD = - 1.88%, 95% CI - 5.21 to 1.46, p = 0.27). In non-athletes, the prevalence of LV LGE abnormalities, pericardial enhancement, T1 mapping, T2 mapping/T2WI, myocarditis were 27.5% (95%CI 17.4-37.6%), 11.9% (95%CI 4.1-19.6%), 39.5% (95%CI 16.2-62.8%), 38.1% (95%CI 19.0-57.1%) and 17.6% (95%CI 6.3-28.9%), respectively. In athletes, these values were 10.8% (95%CI 2.3-19.4%), 35.4% (95%CI - 3.2 to 73.9%), 5.7% (95%CI - 2.9 to 14.2%), 1.9% (95%CI 1.1-2.7%), 0.9% (0.3-1.6%), respectively. Both LVEF and RVEF were significantly impaired in COVID-19 patients compared to controls, but not in athletes. In addition, the prevalence of myocardial involvement is not negligible in patients with COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Miocarditis , COVID-19/epidemiología , Medios de Contraste , Gadolinio , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Miocarditis/diagnóstico por imagen , Miocarditis/epidemiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
A recent study has shown that the heterogeneity of native T1 mapping may be a new prognostic factor for patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of native T1 heterogeneity of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, as assessed by pixel-wise histogram analysis, for predicting left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) by medical therapy in patients with NIDCM. A total of one hundred and thirteen NIDCM patients (mean age: 63 ± 12 years; 91 males and 22 females; mean LV ejection fraction (EF): 37 ± 10%) were retrospectively analyzed. T1 mapping images were acquired using a modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence. We performed histogram analysis of native T1 mapping of LV myocardium, mean (T1-mean) and standard deviation (T1-STD) of native T1 time from each pixel were calculated. Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) was also evaluated. LVRR was defined as LVEF increased ≥ 10% points and decrease in LV end-diastolic volume ≥ 10% at 12 months from initiation of medical therapy. Cutoff value of T1-mean and T1-STD was set as median value of each parameter. Sixty (53%) NIDCM patients reached LVRR. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve for predicting LVRR was 0.763 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.679-0.847) for %LGE, 0.757 (95% CI 0.663-0.850) for T1-mean, 0.724 (95% CI 0.625-0.823) for T1-STD, 0.800 (95% CI 0.717-0.882) for ECV, respectively. Proportion of LVRR was significantly lower in NIDCM patients with high T1-mean and high T1-STD (12%) compared to NIDCM with high T1-mean and low T1-STD (65%) (p < 0.001). Adding T1-STD to T1-mean improved AUC from 0.757 to 0.806, comparable to AUC of ECV. Combination of T1-mean and T1-STD, a parameter of heterogeneity of native T1 of the LV myocardium, may be a useful for prediction of LVRR by medical therapy without use of gadolinium contrast for patients with NIDCM.
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Cardiomiopatías , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Anciano , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/diagnóstico por imagen , Medios de Contraste , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miocardio , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Remodelación VentricularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) has been proposed as a novel mechanism for the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recent studies have suggested the potential utility of coronary flow reserve (CFR) as a marker of CMD in patients with HFpEF. Phase contrast (PC) cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of the coronary sinus has emerged as a non-invasive method to quantify CFR. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CMR-derived CFR in patients with HFpEF. METHODS: Data from 163 HFpEF patients (73 ± 9 years; 86 [53%] female) were retrospectively analyzed. Coronary sinus blood flow was measured in all patients, and myocardial blood flow was calculated as coronary sinus blood flow divided by left ventricular mass. CFR was calculated as the myocardial blood flow during adenosine triphosphate infusion divided by that at rest. Adverse events were defined as all-cause death and hospitalization due to HF exacerbation. Event-free survival stratified according to CFR < 2.0 was estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Log-rank test. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 26 patients (16%) experienced adverse events. CMR-derived CFR was significantly lower in HFpEF with adverse events compared with those without (1.93 ± 0.38 vs. 2.67 ± 0.52, p < 0.001). On a Kaplan Meier curve, the rates of adverse events were significantly higher in HFpEF patients with CFR < 2.0 compared with HFpEF with CFR ≥ 2.0 (p < 0.001). The area under the curve of CFR for predicting adverse events was significantly higher than that of LGE (0.881 vs. 0.768, p = 0.037) and GLS (0.881 vs. 0.747, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: CFR assessed using coronary sinus PC cine CMR may be useful as a non-invasive prognostic marker for HFpEF patients.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Volumen SistólicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Phase-contrast cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) of the coronary sinus has emerged as a non-invasive method to measure coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR). We aimed to compare the prognostic value of resting CSBF and CFR for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent vasodilator stress CMR. METHODS: We studied 693 patients with known CAD and 519 patients with suspected CAD admitted to our hospital between 2009 and 2019. The CFR was calculated as the CSBF during adenosine triphosphate infusion divided by CSBF at rest. MACE was defined as composite of cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure hospitalization, and sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 92 patients (8%) experienced MACE. The resting CSBF was significantly higher in patients with MACE than in patients without MACE (114.7 ± 44.9 mL/min vs. 84.7 ± 30.9 mL/min, p < 0.001 for known CAD; 122.2 ± 33.3 mL/min vs. 86.6 ± 36.7 mL/min, p < 0.001 for suspected CAD). The resting CSBF remained a significant predictor for MACE after adjusting clinical and CMR variables (hazard ratio [HR] of resting CSBF higher than the median: 3.18, p = 0.0083 for known CAD; HR: 23.3, p < 0.001 for suspected CAD). The area under the curve for predicting MACE was 0.73 for resting CSBF, 0.72 for CFR (p = 0.78) in patients with known CAD, and 0.82 for resting CSBF, 0.83 (p = 0.58) for CFR in patients with suspected CAD. CONCLUSIONS: The resting CSBF may be a useful non-invasive method for the risk stratification of patients with known or suspected CAD without any radiation exposure, contrast media, or pharmacological vasodilator agents.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Seno Coronario , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , PronósticoRESUMEN
Absence of myocardial fibrosis on late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with improvement of left ventricular systolic function after catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by T1 mapping has emerges as a non-invasive mean to quantify severity of myocardial fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess the incremental value of ECV over LGE-MRI for the improvement of LVEF(∆EF) after CA in NIDCM patients. A total of thirty-two patients with NIDCM and AF (mean age 67.4 ± 9.3 years; 29 (91%) male) were retrospectively studied. Using a 1.5 T MR scanner and 32 channel cardiac coils, LGE-MRI, pre- and post-T1 mapping images of LV wall at mid-ventricular level (modified look-locker inversion recovery sequence) were acquired. All patients successfully underwent CA for AF, and the improvement of LVEF after CA were evaluated by echocardiography. All patients restored sinus rhythm after CA at the time of echocardiography. The mean LVEF was 35.1 ± 9.7% before CA and 52.2 ± 10.2% after CA (p < 0.001), resulting an increase of 17.4 ± 12.6%. Significant correlation was found between ∆LVEF and % LGE (r = - 0.49, p = 0.004), ∆LVEF and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (r = - 0.47, p = 0.010). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of combination of %LGE and ECV for predicting improvement of LVEF > 10% was substantially higher than that of %LGE alone (AUC: 0.830 vs 0.602). In NIDCM patients with AF, ECV had incremental value over %LGE for predicting improvement of EF by CA, suggesting that the assessment of diffuse interstitial fibrosis may be important to forecast the response of CA.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Ablación por Catéter , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/diagnóstico por imagen , Ablación por Catéter/efectos adversos , Medios de Contraste , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Masculino , Miocardio , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Volumen Sistólico , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Mitochondria constantly adapt to the metabolic needs of a cell. This mitochondrial plasticity is critical to T cells, which modulate metabolism depending on antigen-driven signals and environment. We show here that de novo synthesis of the mitochondrial membrane-specific lipid cardiolipin maintains CD8+ T cell function. T cells deficient for the cardiolipin-synthesizing enzyme PTPMT1 had reduced cardiolipin and responded poorly to antigen because basal cardiolipin levels were required for activation. However, neither de novo cardiolipin synthesis, nor its Tafazzin-dependent remodeling, was needed for T cell activation. In contrast, PTPMT1-dependent cardiolipin synthesis was vital when mitochondrial fitness was required, most notably during memory T cell differentiation or nutrient stress. We also found CD8+ T cell defects in a small cohort of patients with Barth syndrome, where TAFAZZIN is mutated, and in a Tafazzin-deficient mouse model. Thus, the dynamic regulation of a single mitochondrial lipid is crucial for CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Aciltransferasas/inmunología , Síndrome de Barth/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Cardiolipinas/inmunología , Mitocondrias/inmunología , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/inmunología , Animales , Síndrome de Barth/patología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/citología , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones NoqueadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although non-invasive assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides prognostic information for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the incremental prognostic value of CMR-derived CFR remains unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate the incremental prognostic value of CMR-derived CFR for patients with DM who underwent stress CMR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 309 patients with type 2 DM [69 ± 9 years; 244 (78%) male] assessed between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) was measured using phase contrast (PC) cine CMR. CFR was calculated as the CSBF during adenosine triphosphate infusion divided by that at rest. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death, acute coronary syndrome, hospitalization due to heart failure exacerbation, or sustained ventricular tachycardia. The incremental prognostic value of CFR over clinical and CMR variables was assessed by calculating the C-index and net reclassification improvement (NRI). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 42 patients (14%) experienced MACE. The annualized event rate was significantly higher among patients with CFR < 2.0, regardless of the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (1.4% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.011 in the LGE (-) group; 1.8% vs. 16.9%, p < 0.001 in the LGE (+) group). In addition, this trend was maintained in the subgroups stratified by presence or absence of ischemia (0.3% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.007 in the ischemia (-) group; 3.9% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.001 in the ischemia (+) group). Adding CFR to the risk model (age + gender + left ventricular ejection fraction + %LGE + %ischemia) resulted in a significant increase of the C-index from 0.838 to 0.870 (p = 0.038) and an NRI of 0.201 (0.004-0.368, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: PC cine CMR-derived CFR of the coronary sinus may be useful as a prognostic marker for DM patients, incremental to common clinical and CMR parameters. Due to the high prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction, the addition of CFR to conventional vasodilator stress CMR imaging may improve risk stratification for patients with DM.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Circulación Coronaria , Seno Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Diabetes Mellitus , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Medios de Contraste/administración & dosificación , Seno Coronario/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidad , Femenino , Gadolinio DTPA/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Feature tracking (FT) has emerged as a promising method to quantify myocardial strain using conventional cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by T1 mapping enables quantification of myocardial fibrosis. To date, the correlation between FT-derived left ventricular strain and ECV has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between myocardial strain by FT and ECV by T1 mapping in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). METHODS: A total of 57 patients with NIDCM (61 ± 12 years; 46 (81%) male)) and 15 controls (62 ± 11 years; 11 (73%) male)) were studied. Using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner, pre- and post- T1 mapping images of the LV wall at the mid-ventricular level were acquired to calculate the ECV by a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence. The radial strain (RS), circumferential strain (CS), and longitudinal strain (LS) were assessed by the FT technique. The ECV and myocardial strain were compared using a 6-segment model at the mid-ventricular level. RESULTS: The ECV and myocardial strain were evaluable in all 432 segments in 72 subjects. On a patient-based analysis, NIDCM patients had a significantly higher ECV (0.30 ± 0.07 vs. 0.28 ± 0.06, p = .007) and impaired myocardial strain than the control subjects (RS, 22.7 ± 10.3 vs. 30.3 ± 18.2, p < .01; CS, -6.47 ± 1.89 vs. -9.52 ± 5.15, p < .001; LS -10.2 ± 3.78 vs. -19.8 ± 4.30, p < .001, respectively). A significant linear correlation was found between the RS and ECV (r = -0.38, p < .001) and CS and ECV, (r = 0.38, p < .001). LS and ECV also correlated (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). On a segment-based analysis, there was a significant correlation between the ECV and RS and ECV and CS (all p values < .05). The intraclass correlation coefficient was good for the strain measurement (>0.80). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with NIDCM, significant correlation was found between myocardial strain and ECV, suggesting the FT-derived myocardial strain might be useful as a non-invasive imaging marker for the detection of myocardial fibrosis without any contrast media.