Efficacy of dispersed fibrous carbon sorbent in treatment of malignant fungating wounds.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of dispersed fibrous carbon sorbent (DFCS) on malignant fungating wounds (MFWs) in Guerin's carcinoma-bearing rats with an assessment of wound bacterial microflora. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on female Wistar rats inoculated subcutaneously with Guerin T8 carcinoma into the upper interscapular region. On day 20, the tumors were infected by injecting the suspension of S. aureus 8325-4. After 24 h, gauze dressings were applied daily to the wounds in the control group and DFCS in the experimental one. The state of the wounds was assessed by visual control with photo monitoring, odor control on a verbal rating scale and microbiological analysis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of wound microbiota. RESULTS: On the 3rd day after the start of dressings, the number of S. aureus of 8325-4 strain was significantly higher in the wounds of rats in control group than experimental one (5.14 ± 0.27 vs 3.43 ± 0.33 lg CFU/ml). The total number of Staphylococci in the DFCS-treated wounds did not differ statistically from the number of S. aureus 8325-4 strain whereas in control ones were higher by an order of magnitude. On the 10th day the total number of Staphylococci and S. aureus 8325-4 in particular, remained consistently high in the wounds of the control rats, while was almost five orders of magnitude lower and represented mainly by S. aureus 8325-4 in the experimental ones. The total number of aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms was significantly lower as well. A greater variety of microorganisms in the gauze-covered wounds, as well as an their increased number were accompanied by enhancement of the wound odor from "noticeable" to "strong". There was an appearance of a "barely noticeable" odor in only one animal from the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The study has demonstrated the ability of DFCS to control substantially the bacterial microflora as well as malodor of MWFs in vivo. The results obtained can contribute to solving the problem of improving the quality of palliative care for patients with malignant and other chronic wounds.

[An impact of glatiramer acetate (timexon) on the signs of neurodegeneration process in the neuronal layer of the retina in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]. / Vliianie terapii glatiramera atsetatom na proiavleniia neirodegenerativnogo protsessa v neironal'nom sloe setchatki glaza u patsientov s remittiruiushchim rasseiannym sklerozom.

AIM: To perform a comparative study of the results of optical coherence tomography of the retina in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, treated with glatiramer acetate (timexon). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 19 patients (16 women and 3 men) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who were treated with the glatiramer acetate generic drug timexon (BIOCAD, Russia). Dynamic changes in the main parameters of the optical coherence tomography linked with neurodegeneration manifestations in the retina during the year of the study were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The efficacy of timexon in the progression of neurodegenerative changes in the retina was shown.

Lipoxygenases and their metabolites in formation of plant stress tolerance.

The review focuses on the analysis of new information concerning molecular enzymology of lipoxygenases ­ proteins involved in lipid peroxidation and found in animals and plants. Modern concept of structural features, catalytic characteristics and functions of lipoxygenase family enzymes as well as products of their catalytic activity in plants have been discussed and summarized. Issues of enzyme localization in plant cells and tissues, evolution and distribution of lipoxygenases, involvement in production of signaling substances involved in formation of adaptation response to abiotic and biotic stress factors and in regulation of lipoxygenase signal system activity are highlighted. Participants of the elements signaling of LOX-pathway reception and transduction into genome are considered. Special attention is given to jasmonates, metabolites of the allene oxide synthase branch of the lipoxygenase cascade, because these metabolites have high biological activity, are ubiquitously present in all plant organisms, and are involved in regulation of vitally important processes. Data concerning lipoxygenase phylogeny, possible occurrence of a common predecessor for modern isoforms of the enzyme in pro- and eukaryote have been examined. Some results of our studies that open up possibilities of using the lipoxygenase catalytic activity characteristics as biological markers in plant stress tolerance researches are given.

[A retrospective analysis of the effect of pregnancy on the course of multiple sclerosis]. / Retrospektivnyi analiz vliianiia beremennosti na techenie rasseiannogo skleroza.

AIM: For a long time it was believed that pregnancy worsens the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. In several European countries, there have been several studies that have demonstrated remission of autoimmune aggression during pregnancy. We studied the effect of pregnancy on the course of multiple sclerosi. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of disease course of 279 patients was performed for the first time in three major Russian centers (Moscow, Novosibirsk, Tyumen). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a remission of autoimmune aggression during pregnancy. The use of DMT before pregnancy was a predictor of a more favorable course of the disease after delivery. An earlier beginning of DMT after delivery led to a significant risk reduction of relapses.

Spread and morphological-structural properties of plant rhabdoviruses and similar pathogens in Basidiomycetes.

Long-term studies of spread of rhabdoviruses which indicated their harmfulness in different plant species under conditions of environmental factors were first discussed. Their harmfulness to different plant species under environmental conditions was shown. A comparative description of rhabdoviruses with similar pathogens of the mushrooms is carried out. Thus the main focus was on the morphology and structure of the pathogens. These data are extremely important in the study of distribution of the rhabdovirus on crops in different regions.

[The effect of probiotic therapy on development of experimental obesity in rats caused by monosodium glutamate].

The effect of a mixture of probiotic strains (2:1:1 Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, Bifidobacterium animalis VKB) on the development of experimental obesity in rats induced by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate has been studied. It was shown that in rats of 4 months age, the injection of monosodium glutamate (4 mg/g) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days after birth elicited abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. An intermittent administration of a probiotic mixture to rats treated with monosodium prevented the development of obesity. In the group of rats treated with probiotics, anthropometric parameters (weight and body length, Lee index, body mass index) did not differ from the level of intact rats. Visceral fat mass was decreased by probiotics by 38.5% (P < 0.05) compared to rats treated with water. Probiotics improved lipid metabolism: reduced the level of VLDL by 32.2% (P < 0,05), the level of LDL by 30.6% (P < 0.05), increased HDL by 25.7% (P <0,05) compared to obese control rats. Probiotic strains restored the secretion of adipocytes hormones (leptin and adiponectin) to the normal level of intact animals. The results show the effectiveness of probiotics for the prevention of obesity.

[Biophysical parameters of erythrocyte membranes and mechanisms of interaction with non-opioid analgesics under acute pain syndrome].

Methods of fluorescent probing, spectrophotometry and microcalorimetry were applied to investigate the alterations in biophysical parameters of erythrocytes membranes, and specifically microviscosity, surface charge, molecular organization of lipid bilayer and lipid-protein interactions under conditions of acute pain syndrome produced by experimental chemical lesion. The distinctive features of non-opiod analgesics interactions and binding to the erythrocytes membranes of rats subjected to acute nociceptive pain accompanied with oxidative stress development were investigated. The abilities of analgesics under research, and namely paracetamol, aspirin, phenazone, ketorolac, pyrodazole, ketoprofenum, natrium mefenaminate, indometacin, nimesulide to make up physico-chemical complexes with lipoperoxidation modified erythrocytes surface and protein-lipid bilayer showed marked changes. The significance of oxidative damage of biophase under conditions of acute pain syndrome for analgesics effective pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics realization is under consideration.

The effect of Lacto- and Bifidobacteria in monoculture on the vaginal microflora in norm and in cases of intravaginal staphylococcosis.

The influence of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281 and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB, each strain separately, to the range of the urogenital tract microflora in physiological norm and in cases of experimental intravaginal staphylococcosis of mice induced by Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4. It was found that all these strains had different efficiency in Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 growth suppression in the vagina of infected mice and affect the spectrum of microorganisms. Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 strain had effective antistaphylococcal effect and reduced the number of coliform bacteria and fungi in the vagina in cases of intravaginal staphylococcosis of mice. Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 strain is promising to create probiotic drugs effective in treating intravaginal staphylococcosis.

[Haplotype diversity in mtDNA and Y-chromosome in populations of Altai-Sayan region].

Polymorphism of mtDNA was examined in five ethnic populations that belong to the Turkic language group and inhabit the territory of the Altai-Sayan upland (N = 1007). Most of the haplogroups identified in the examined populations belonged to East Eurasian lineages. In all five populations, only three haplogroups, C, D, and F, were prevailing. The frequencies of the other six haplogroups (A, B, G, M, Y, and Z) varied in the range from 1.1 to 6.5%. Among West Eurasian haplogrous, the most common were haplogroups H, J, T, and U. An analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroups in 407 individuals showed that only two haplogroups, N* and R1a1, were present in all five populations examined. Moreover, in different ethnic groups, the highest frequencies were observed for C-M130, N-P43, and N-Tat haplogroups. The differences in the distribution patterns of ancient West Eurasian and East Eurasian haplotypes from Gorny Altai in the present-day populations from the northern part of Eurasia revealed can be explained in terms of the multistage expansion of humans across these territories. The ubiquity of haplotypes from haplogroup H and cluster U across the wide territory from the Yenisei River basin to the Atlantic Ocean can indicate directional human expansion, which most likely occurred out of Central Asia as early as in the Paleolithic era, and took place in several waves with the glacier retreat.

[The effect of genetic factors on the phenotypic expression of multiple sclerosis].

A total of 326 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the McDonald criteria (2005) were recruited to the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CD40 gene (rs6074022, rs1883832, rs1535045 and rs11086998) and the KIF1B gene (rs10492972 and rs3135388) were genotyped using TaqMan technology. We found a significant association of rs1883832 (risk allele T, OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.34-2.32, p=2.96·10-7) and rs3135388 (risk allele T, OR=3.23, 95% CI 2.43-4.29, p=3.8·10-17) with the risk of MS in the Novosibirsk region population. The study demonstrated a significant effect of genetic factors on phenotypic expression of MS: an C allele of rs6074022 polymorphism (CD40) was associated with a higher rate of MS progression, and the TT genotype of rs1535045 was associated with a slower progression of MS and early MS onset. A more benign course and a higher frequency of an T allele of rs3135388 (44% vs 33%, p=0.003) was found in familial cases compared to sporadic cases. The further specific research is needed for understanding the genetic basis of susceptibility to MS.

[Experience in studying perinatal losses according to the data of the Syktyvkar Postmortem Examination Bureau].

A database of all perinatal losses from 18 weeks' gestation in 1994-2007 was set up in Syktyvkar. It was found that 514 (24.3%) cases were associated with congenital malformation (CM) in the fetus (24.3%). Defects of the central nervous system, visceral organs, and facial structures, as well as their multiple forms were most common. The mean weight of fetuses with CM was 822 +/- 640 g and that of fetuses with chromosomal abnormality, heart and large vessel defects were more than 1000 g. One half of all cases of fetal chromosomal pathology were observed in women aged 30 years or older. Placentitis was revealed in 79 cases; of them 17 cases were found to have potentially teratogenic villusitis. There is a positive tendency for lower weights in the fetuses with CM in perinatal losses. The results of our study suggest that placental histological changes may be used to estimate the probability of CM.

Antistaphylococcal action of lacto- and bifidobacteria and interleukn-2.

Antistaphylococcal action of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, L. acidophilus LMV B-7279 and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been determined on the model of experimental staphylococcal infection in mice. It has been established that peroral administration of certain probiotic strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria or composition L. acidophilus LMV B-7279--L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281 with IL-2 to mice favored the reducing of terms of staphylococcus persistence in the kidneys of experimental mice. The studied schemes are promising for treatment of patients with surgical infection.

The effect of lacto- and bifidobacteria compositions on the vaginal microflora in cases of intravaginal staphylococcosis.

The effect of intravaginal injection of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB strains in various compositions on the range of microflora of the urogenital tract on the model of experimental intravaginal staphylococcosis of mice was determined. It was established that under the influence of various compositions of these strains changes in microflora spectrum occurred: the number of representatives of normoflora increased and the number of pathogenic microorganisms, including staphylococci, streptococci, coliform bacteria and fungi, significantly decreased. It was determined that strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria, that were studied, are prospective components of future probiotic drugs efficient in treating staphylococcosis.

Antibacterial activity of cerium colloids against opportunistic microorganisms in vitro.

The CeO2 sol with the size of nanoparticles 2-4 nm has been synthesized. It has been determined that the synthesized nanocrystalline cerium has antibacterial activity in vitro against different groups of opportunistic microorganisms: clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The rate of viability depression of test-cultures depends on the concentration of cerium dioxide nanoparticles and time of incubation. It is shown that the sol interacts with the bacterial cell surface. It is suggested that the observed differences of antibacterial action of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide can be related to the structural characteristics of the cell surface.

Cholesterol-lowering activity of lactic acid bacteria probiotic strains in vivo.

Cholesterol-lowering activity of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the in vivo experiments on the model of experimental hypercholesterolemia in mice was studied. It is established that the prophylactic scheme of introduction of probiotic cultures is more effective than therapeutic one for the manifestation of cholesteraze activity of probiotic cultures. The most effective were the cultures: L. acidophilus and B. bifidum, as well as the composition B. bifidum + B. longum. Cholesterol-lowering activity of the studied strains and their compositions in this experiment ranged between 40-78%. It is noted that cholesteraze activity of other studied strains was not lower and in some cases, higher than that of most of the drugs currently used in cholesterinozis.

The effect of lacto- and bifidobacteria compositions on the vaginal microflora in cases of intravaginal staphylococcosis.

The effect of intravaginal injection of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB strains in various compositions on the range of microflora of the urogenital tract on the model of experimental intravaginal staphylococcosis of mice was determined. It was established that under the influence of various compositions of these strains changes in microflora spectrum occurred the number of representatives of normoflora increased and the number of pathogenic microorganisms, including staphylococci, streptococci, coliform bacteria and fungi, significantly decreased. It was determined that strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria, that were studied, are prospective components of future probiotic drugs efficient in treating staphylococcosis.

Effect of probiotic strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria on the activity of macrophages and other parameters of immunity in cases of staphylococcosis.

The immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMVB-7281, Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Bifidobacterium animales VKL and B. animales VKB strains on the models of experimental staphylococcosis infection in mice were determined. It was found that after the mice, infected with staphylococcus, were treated by some probiotic strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria, a normalization of functional activity of phagoctic cells system and increase of the endogenous interferon production were observed. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMVB-7281, L. casei IMVB-7280, L. acidophilus IMV B-7279, B. animales VKB and B. animales VKL are promising for the development of probiotics, effective against staphylococci and for the immunity correction.

[Antioxidant and cerebroprotective action of N-,S-chinazolone derivative under rat brain ischemia].

Under modelling of brain ischemia in rats the antioxidant and cerebroprotective action of new N-,S-chinazolone derivative--compound NC-224 has been established. The compensation of pathobiochemical abnormalities in the system "LPO-antioxidant protection" is observed, indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and energy-supply, and morpho-functional status of brain cells are improved under administration of the compound NC-224. Administration of the compound NC-224 to rats promoted a decrease of the lethality index and signs of neurological deficiency.

[Induction of repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene expression under the influence of cytokine EMAP II in human cells in vitro].

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human cytokine EMAP II (endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II) on the expression of MGMT gene, encoding repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in human cell cultures. The influence of EMAP II on cell proliferation was performed using routine MTT assay. Identification of MGMT in cell extracts was performed using Western blot analysis. We used cell lines: A102 (fibroblasts), CB-1 (umbilical cord blood stromal cells), 4BL6 (cells derived from peripheral blood). It was shown that cytokine EMAP II caused induction of MGMT expression in studied human cell lines. There was a decrease in cell number at high concentrations of this cytokine. It was found that the presence of cytokine EMAP II in serum-free growth medium leads to increasing of repair enzyme MGMT expression level in human cells in vitro.

[Interrelation between antioxidant hepatoprotective action of some derivatives of monochromanes and trimethylphenols and energy structural quantum-chemical parameters].

Energy and structural parameters of monochromanes and trimethylphenols derivatives have been chracterized through the employment of semiempirical methods of quantum chemistry. The correlation has been proved between antiradical, hepatoprotective properties of these compounds and energy and structural of their molecules that confirms the presence of relation between structure activity and electron-donor properties of the investigated monochromanes and trimethylphenols.